LE Angiology Flashcards
What supplies the Anterior and Posterior Thigh?
Deep Femoral Artery
What supplies the Medial Thigh?
Obturator Artery
What supplies the Posterior Leg?
Posterior Tibial Artery
What supplies the Lateral Leg?
Fibular Artery
What supplies the Anterior Leg?
Anterior Tibial Artery
What supplies the Dorsal Foot?
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
What supplies the Plantar Foot?
Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries
What does the Internal Iliac Artery supply?
- Pelvic organs
- Gluteal muscles
- Perineum
What are the 6 arteries that make up the Anterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery?
- Umbilical Artery
- Obturator Artery
- Inferior Vesicle Artery (males) and Uterine Artery (females)
- Middle Rectal Artery
- Internal Pudendal Artery
- Inferior Gluteal Artery
What are the 3 arteries of the Posterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery?
- Iliolumbar Artery
- Lateral Sacral Artery
- Superior Gluteal Artery
What does the Obturator A supply?
- Pelvic muscles
- Ilium bone
- Femoral head
- Medial thigh muscles
What does the Anterior Branch of the Obturator A supply?
- Obturator Externus
- Pectineus
- Adductor Longus
- Adductor Brevis
- Adductor Magnus
- Gracilis
Anterior Branch of the Obturator A travels anterior to the ___ ___ muscle
Adductor Brevis
Posterior Branch of the Obturator A travels posterior to the ___ __ muscle
Adductor Brevis
What does the Posterior Branch of the Obturator A supply?
- Adductor Magnus
- Inferior Gemellus
- Quadratus Femoris
- Proximal Semitendinosus
- Semimembranous
- Long Head of the Biceps Femoris
Inferior Gluteal A exists the Pelvic cavity through:
Greater Sciatic Foramen
What does the Inferior Gluteal A supply?
- Piriformis
- Quadratus Femoris
- Proximal part of posterior thigh muscles
- Gluteus Maximus
- Sciatic N
What does the Iliolumbar A supply?
- Psoas Major
- Iliacus
- Quadratus Lumborum
What artery supplies the Piriformis muscle?
Lateral Sacral Artery
Where does the Superior Gluteal A exit the pelvic cavity?
Through the Greater sciatic Foramen
What are the two branches of the Superior Gluteal A?
- Superficial Branch (supplies Gluteus Maximus)
- Deep Branch (supplies Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fascia Lata)
What arteries supply the Gluteus Maximus?
- Superficial Branch of Superior Gluteal A
- Inferior Gluteal A
When does the External Iliac A become the Femoral A?
Once it passes through the sublingual space under the Inguinal ligament
When does the Femoral A become the Popliteal A?
Once it passes through the Adductor Hiatus
What are the 5 arteries that branch off the Femoral A in the hip/thigh?
- Superficial Circumflex Iliac A
- Superficial Epigastric A
- Superficial and Deep External Pudendal A
- Deep Femoral A
- Descending Genicular A
Deep Femoral A produces the __ and ___ ___ ___ arteries
Medial and Lateral Femoral Circumflex
The Deep Femoral A passes between the posterior aspect of the ___ __ muscle, producing several Perforating Arteries
Adductor Magnus
What are the 3 branches of the Lateral Femoral Circumflex A?
- Ascending Branch (supplies anterior gluteal region)
- Transverse Branch
- Descending Branch (descend to join the Genicular Anastomoses)
What are the 3 branches of the Medial Femoral Circumflex A?
- Posterior Retinacular As (supply the head and neck of femur)
- Ascending Branch (joins inferior gluteal A)
- Transverse Branch (joins the cruciate anastomosis of the posterior thigh)
What artery supplies the femoral head & neck?
Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery – Posterior Retinacular As
What supplies the Vastus Lateralis Muscle?
Perforating Branches of the Deep Femoral A
What are the 3 branches of the Deep Femoral A?
- Lateral Femoral Circumflex A
- Medial Femoral Circumflex A
- Perforating Branches (4 total, wrap around femur posteriorly)
What do the Perforating Branches of the Deep Femoral Artery supply?
- Adductor Magnus
- Posterior Thigh muscles
- Vastus Lateralis M
Descending Genicular A
- primarily feeds into the Genicular anastomosis
- produces an articular branch (into the knee joint) and a saphenous branch (to the medial proximal tibia)
What is the function of the Genicular Anastomoses?
They supply the knee joint so that structures of the knee and popliteal fossa still receive blood even if the Poploiteal A is blocked during full knee flexion
What are the two terminal branches of the Popliteal A?
- Anterior Tibial A
- Posterior Tibial A
What are the 5 genicular arteries that branch off the Popliteal A?
- Superior Lateral Genicular A
- Superior Medial Genicular A
- Middle Genicular A
- Inferior Lateral Genicular A
- Inferior Medial Genicular A
When does the Anterior Tibial A become Dorsalis Pedis A?
Once it passes the Extensor Retinaculum
What arteries contribute to the genicular anastomosis?
- Descending branch of the Lateral Femoral Circumflex A
- Descending Genicular A
- Superior Lateral Genicular A
- Superior Medial Genicular A
- Middle Genicular A
- Inferior Lateral Genicular A
- Inferior Medial Genicular A
- Anterior Tibial Recurrent A
What are the 3 branches of the Anterior Tibial A?
- Anterior Tibial Recurrent A (feeds into genicular anastomosis)
- Anterior Medial Malleolar A (forms anastomosis with corresponding branches from the posterior tibial A and the fibular A)
- Anterior Lateral Malleolar A (forms anastomosis with corresponding branches from the posterior tibial A and fibular A)
What does the Dorsalis Pedis A supply?
- Tarsal bones
- Metatarsal bones
- Dorsum of the foot and digits
What are the 5 branches of the Dorsalis Pedis A?
- Lateral Tarsal A (supplies underlying muscles and tarsals)
- Medial Tarsal A (supplies Navicular bone)
- 1st Dorsal Metatarsal A (between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones, supplies dorsal hallux and medial aspect of 2nd digit)
- Deep Plantar A (travels deep between 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones, joins Deep Plantar Arterial Arch)
- Arcuate A (anastomoses with the lateral tarsal A, has perforating branches and dorsal metatarsal A that produce dorsal digital As)
What two Arteries contribute/form the Deep Plantar Arch?
- Lateral Plantar A
- Deep Plantar A
Posterior Tibial A
- larger of the two branches of the Popliteal A
- travels along posterior aspect of the interosseous membrane
- produces Circumflex Fibular A, Fibular A, and terminates as Medial and Lateral Plantar As
What Artery supplies the Popliteus muscle?
Fibular A
What are the 3 branches off of the Fibular A?
- Perforating Branch (pierces distal interosseous membrane, anastomoses with the Arcuate A)
- Lateral Malleolar Branches (feeds into the lateral malleolar network, further branches into calcaneal branches to supply the calcaneus)
- Fibular Nutrient A (supplies the Fibula)
What are the 6 branches off of the Posterior Tibial A?
- Circumflex Fibular A (goes to genicular anastomosis)
- Fibular A
- Tibial Nutrient A
- Medial Malleolar Branches
- Lateral Plantar A
- Medial Plantar A
What is the largest Nutrient artery in the body?
Tibial Nutrient A
Lateral Plantar Artery
- larger than medial plantar A
- main source of the deep plantar arterial arch
- has perforating branches that communicate with the perforating branches of the arcuate A
- also has another branch called the plantar metatarsal A that further branches into the plantar digital A
Medial Plantar Artery
- supplies muscle of the Hallux
- produces a superficial branch and deep branches
Superficial Branch of the Medial Plantar Artery
- produces the Superficial Plantar Arterial Arch that anastomoses with the Lateral Plantar A or Deep Plantar Arch
What do the Deep Branches of the Medial Plantar Artery supply?
Musculature of the Hallux
What are the veins of the LE?
Femoral V -> Popliteal V -> branches into Anterior and Posterior Tibial Vs
Great Saphenous Vein
- formed by the Dorsal Venous Arch of the foot and Dorsal V of the Hallux
- travels up the medial leg and thigh
- empties into the Femoral V
Small Saphenous Vein
- formed by the Dorsal Venous Arch and Dorsal V of the Digiti Minimi
- travels up the posterior leg
- empties into the Popliteal V
Perforating Veins
- communications between superficial veins and deep veins
What are the 2 main Lymphatic Vessels?
- Superficial
- Deep
Superficial Lymphatic Vessels
- follow the Saphenous veins and their tributaries
- vessels that follow the Great Saphenous Vein empty into the Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes
- vessels that follow the Small Saphenous Vein empty into the Popliteal Lymph Nodes
Deep Lymphatic Vessels
- accompany the deep leg veins
- empty into the Popliteal Lymph Nodes
What are the two main groups of Lymph Nodes in the LE?
- Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes
- External Iliac Lymph Nodes
Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes
- drain the gluteal lymph nodes
- empty into the Common Iliac Lymph Nodes
- includes Gluteal Lymph Nodes (drain the gluteal region and empty into the Internal and Common Iliac Lymph Nodes)
External Iliac Lymph Nodes
- drain the Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes
- empty into the Common Iliac Lymph Nodes
- includes Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes and Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes
Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes
- drain the lymphatic vessels accompanying the Great Saphenous Vein
- empty into the External Iliac or Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes
Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes
- drain the Popliteal Lymph Nodes
- empty into the External Iliac Lymph Nodes
- include the Popliteal Lymph Nodes which drain the lymphatic vessels accompanying the Small Saphenous Vein and empty into the Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes