LE 2 (2025) Flashcards
The following are included in the diagnostic criteria of separation anxiety disorder, except:
Select one:
a. Repeated nightmares with the theme of separation
b. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situation
c. Persistent and excessive fear about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings
d. Persistent reluctance to go out, away from home, to school because of the fear of separation
b. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situation
Rationale: The consistent failure to speak in specific social situations is characteristic of selective mutism, not separation anxiety disorder.
The following are observed in children with separation anxiety disorder, except:
Select one:
a. Prefers interaction with children only and not with adults
b. apathy
c. social withdrawal
d. school refusal
e. No exception, all are correct
a. Prefers interaction with children only and not with adults
Rationale: Children with separation anxiety disorder have an excessive fear of separation from major attachment figures, not a preference for interaction with other children over adults.
The following are risk factors of social anxiety disorder, except:
Select one:
a. No exception, all are correct
b. Death of loved one
c. Illness of an individual
d. Change of school or environment
e. immigration
d. Change of school or environment
Rationale: While changes in environment can be stressful, they are not specific risk factors for social anxiety disorder.
This disorder is manifested by consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking despite speaking in other social situations
Select one:
a. social phobia
b. social anxiety disorder
c. reactive attachment disorder
d. selective mutism
d. selective mutism
Rationale: Selective mutism is characterized by a consistent failure to speak in certain situations despite speaking in others.
The onset of selective mutism is usually during
Select one:
a. adolescent
b. at any age
c. childhood
d. adulthood
c. childhood
Rationale: Selective mutism typically begins in childhood.
Somatic symptom and related disorders include the following diagnosis in DSM V, except:
Select one:
a. factitious disorder
b. obsessive compulsive disorder
c. illness anxiety disorder
d. conversion disorder
b. obsessive compulsive disorder
Rationale: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is classified under the category of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, not somatic symptom and related disorders.
The disorder which is manifested by an intense fear of being watched and judged by others which affects personal relationships, work, school, and other day to day activities.
Select one:
a. social anxiety disorder
b. specific phobia
c. disinhibited social engagement disorder
d. selective mutism
a. social anxiety disorder
Rationale: Social anxiety disorder is characterized by an intense fear of being watched or judged by others in social situations.
The following situations are included in the diagnostic criteria of agoraphobia, except:
Select one:
a. no exception, all are included
b. public transportation
c. being in an open space
d. being outside or home alone
e. being in a crowd
d. being outside or home alone
Rationale: Agoraphobia includes a fear of situations where escape might be difficult or where help may not be available in the event of panic symptoms.
A 50-year-old man reports episodes in which he suddenly and unexpectedly awakens from sleep feeling a surge of intense fear that peaks within minutes. During this time, he feels short of breath and has heart palpitations, sweating, and nausea. His medical history is significant only for hypertension, which is well controlled with hydrochlorothiazide. As a result of these symptoms, he has begun to have anticipatory anxiety associated with going to sleep.
What is the most likely explanation for his symptoms?
Select one:
a. anxiety disorder due to another medical condition
b. panic disorder
c. generalized anxiety disorder
d. panic attacks
b. panic disorder
Rationale: The man’s episodes of sudden, intense fear that peak rapidly, accompanied by physical symptoms like shortness of breath, heart palpitations, sweating, and nausea, are characteristic of panic attacks. When someone experiences recurrent panic attacks and has subsequent worry about having more attacks, changes their behavior because of the attacks, or has a significant amount of distress about the attacks for a month or longer, they may be diagnosed with panic disorder. Panic attacks can happen while awake or during sleep, and nocturnal panic attacks, like the one described, can cause individuals to become anxious about going to sleep.
Although onset of a specific phobia can occur at any age, specific phobia most
typically develops during which age period?
Select one:
a. childhood
b. adolescent
c. middle age
d. old age
a. childhood
Rationale: Specific phobias most commonly develop in childhood.
In addition to feeling restless or “keyed up,” individuals with generalized anxiety
disorder are most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?
Select one:
A. panic attacks
B. social anxiety
C. obsessions
D. all are included
E. muscle tension
E. muscle tension
Rationale: Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder often experience physical symptoms, including muscle tension. While they may experience restlessness, other choices like panic attacks, social anxiety, and obsessions are not primary symptoms of GAD.
The following are new disorders under depressive disorders chapter in the DSM V, except:
Select one:
A. premenstrual dysphoric disorder
B. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
C. dysthymia
D. major depressive disorder
C. dysthymia
Rationale: In DSM-5, dysthymia was replaced by “persistent depressive disorder.”
The following are features of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, except:
Select one:
A. Frequent temper outburst which can occur frequently in response to frustration
B. Chronic irritable or angry mood that is present between the severe temper outburst
C. all are correct
D. The illness is episodic, persistent and the irritability is distinctly different from the child’s usual mood
E. The temper outburst are inconsistent with the developmental level
D. The illness is episodic, persistent and the irritability is distinctly different from the child’s usual mood
Rationale: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by persistent irritability and frequent episodes of out-of-proportion temper outbursts. It’s not episodic.
The following are true about grief in contrast to a major depressive episode, except:
Select one:
a.
Thinking of ending one’s own life because of feelings of worthlessness or pain and wanting to join the deceased loved one
b.
The self-esteem is preserved
с.
and humor
The pain with grief can be accompanied by positive emotions
d.
Dysphoria in grief in persistent over months
e.
all are correct
d. Dysphoria in grief is persistent over months
Rationale: While grief can have overlapping symptoms with major depression, grief tends to ebb and flow and can be accompanied by positive memories and emotions. Persistent dysphoria more aligns with major depressive disorder.
The following are symptoms in the criteria for diagnosing dysthymia, except:
Select one:
a. feelings of hopelessness
b. fatigue
c. recurrent suicidal ideation
d. hypersomnia
e. all are correct
c. recurrent suicidal ideation
Rationale: While suicidal ideation can be present in any depressive disorder, it’s not a primary criterion for dysthymia (now persistent depressive disorder).
In order to diagnose persistent depressive disorder, symptoms must be present for
Select one:
a. 2 years
b. 1 month
c. 6 months
d. 1 year
a. 2 years
Rationale: Persistent depressive disorder (formerly dysthymia) requires symptoms to be present for at least 2 years.
Which of the following are true about premenstrual dysphoric disorder?
Select one:
a. Severe symptoms are present throughout the menstrual cycle
b. Delusions and hallucinations may be seen in some phase of the cycle
c. Only behavioral symptoms such as mood lability, irritability are seen
d. Symptoms occur in most menstrual cycle during the past year and affects the functioning
e. Only B and C are correct
f. all are correct
d. Symptoms occur in most menstrual cycles during the past year and affect the functioning
Rationale: PMDD is characterized by severe symptoms that emerge in the luteal phase (typically a week before menses) and start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses. These symptoms must be present in most menstrual cycles during the past year and must significantly interfere with the patient’s work, school, or social activities.
The following medical conditions are associated with depression according to DSM V, except:
Select one:
a. hyperthyroidism
b. stroke
c. traumatic brain injury
d. Cushing’s disease
a. hyperthyroidism
Rationale: Hypothyroidism (not hyperthyroidism) is commonly associated with depressive symptoms. The other conditions listed can also be associated with depression.
The following are symptoms in the criteria for major depressive disorder, except:
Select one:
a. psychomotor agitation
b. decreased need for sleep
c. significant weight gain or loss
d. inappropriate guilt
b. decreased need for sleep
Rationale: Decreased need for sleep is a symptom more associated with manic or hypomanic episodes in bipolar disorder.
The following are specifiers for depressive disorders, except:
Select one:
a. with catatonia
b. with melancholic features
c. all are correct
d. with psychotic features
e. with typical features
e. with typical features
Rationale: “With typical features” is not a recognized specifier for depressive disorders in the DSM-5.
The following are symptoms of the specifier with melancholic feature, except:
Select one:
a. early morning awakening
b. significant anorexia
c. inappropriate guilt
d. depression that is worse in the evening
d. depression that is worse in the evening
Rationale: Melancholic depression is often characterized by a worse mood in the morning, not in the evening.
Which of the following is a descriptive specifier included in the diagnostic criteria for somatic symptom disorder?
Select one:
a. with psychotic features
b. undifferentiated
c. with predominant pain
d. with hypochondriasis
c. with predominant pain
Rationale: “With predominant pain” is a specifier for somatic symptom disorder in the DSM-5.
A 25-year-old woman is hospitalized for evaluation of episodes in which she appears to lose consciousness, rocks her head from side to side, and moves her arms and legs in a nonsynchronous, bicycling pattern. The episodes occur a few times per day and last for 2-5 minutes. Electroencephalography during the episodes does not reveal any ictal activity. Immediately after a fit, her sensorium appears clear. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Select one:
a. somatic symptom disorder
b. conversion disorder
c. illness anxiety disorder
d. factitious disorder
b. conversion disorder
Rationale: The described symptoms, in the absence of identifiable neurological causes, align with conversion disorder.
Which of the following symptoms is incompatible with a diagnosis of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?
Select one:
a. Touch and temperature anesthesia with intact pinprick sensation over the left forearm
b. dystonic movements
c. tunnel vision
d. Light-headedness upon standing up.
d. Light-headedness upon standing up.
Rationale: Light-headedness upon standing up (orthostatic hypotension) is a medical symptom and is not specific to conversion disorder.
