LE 1 (2025) Flashcards
Bipolar disorder in partial remission’s criteria for diagnosis is
Select one:
A. Symptoms of the immediately previous manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode are present, but full criteria are not met, or there is a period lasting less than one month without any significant symptoms of a manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode following the end of such an episode.
B. During the past two month, no significant signs or symptoms of the disturbance were present
C. Symptoms of the immediately previous manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode are present, but full criteria are not met, or there is a period lasting less than two months without any significant symptoms of a manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode following the end of such an episode.
D. During the past one month, no significant signs or symptoms of the disturbance were present
C. Symptoms of the immediately previous manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode are present, but full criteria are not met, or there is a period lasting less than two months without any significant symptoms of a manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode following the end of such an episode.
For the second question, the main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode, according to the DSM-5, is not just the types of symptoms, because many of the symptoms can be the same (such as elevated mood, increased goal-directed activity, etc.), but the key distinctions lie in the duration and intensity of symptoms. A manic episode must last at least one week, unless hospitalization is required, and is severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning, or necessitates hospitalization, or includes psychotic features. On the other hand, a hypomanic episode must last at least four consecutive days and does not cause marked impairment, require hospitalization, or include psychotic features.
The main difference between a manic and a hypomanic episode is _
Select one:
A. the types of symptoms
B. the duration of symptoms
C. intensity of symptoms
D. none of the above, they are the same
C. intensity of symptoms
However, it should be noted that the duration is also different, so “b. the duration of symptoms” could also be a correct answer based on the description, but if forced to pick only one, “c. intensity of symptoms” captures the most critical distinction.
It has the key section of the manual which includes all the diagnostic criteria and codes for the officially approved diagnoses.
Select one:
a. Section Ill
b. Appendix
c. Section Il
d. Section I
c. Section Il
Section II of DSM-5: Diagnostic Criteria and Codes
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) is organized into three primary sections. Section II is the most substantial part of the manual. It provides diagnostic criteria and codes for all mental disorders. This section is essentially the “heart” of the manual, detailing the specific criteria necessary to diagnose a myriad of psychological and psychiatric disorders.
Hence, when considering where one would find all the official diagnostic criteria and codes, Section II is the correct answer. The other sections have different purposes which are not directly related to the presentation of diagnostic criteria for officially recognized disorders.
It includes new diagnoses not ready for “prime time,” an alternate category of personality disorders, instrumental tools for dimensional measurements as well as an instrument for assessing functional disability
Select one:
a. Section III
b. Appendix
c. Section Il
d. Section I
a. Section III
Includes the DSM-5 basics, introduction, use of the manual, and a cautionary statement about forensic use of the manual
Select one:
a. Section II
b. Appendix
c. Section III
d. Section I
d. Section I
Rationale: Section I of the DSM-5 is introductory and provides users with an understanding of the basics of the manual, its structure, how it should be used, and other foundational information. This includes cautionary statements about specific uses of the manual, such as its use in forensic settings.
Includes highlights of changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5, a glossary of technical terms, cultural concepts of distress and alphabetical listing of DSM-5 diagnoses and ICD 9-CM and ICD-10 codes.
Select one:
a. Section III
b. Section Il
c. Appendix
d. Section I
c. Appendix
Rationale: While the main sections of the DSM-5 provide the primary content, the Appendix offers supplemental information. This includes clarifications on changes from previous editions, definitions of specific terms, and detailed listings of diagnoses with their associated codes.
The following disorders are new in the DSM V chapter of Depressive Disorders, except
Select one:
a. Major depressive disorder
b. Persistent depressive disorder
c. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
d. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
a. Major depressive disorder
The following statements are true about ICD classification, except
Select one:
a. The systematic use of this classification allows the examination of the incidence and prevalence of diseases and other health problems.
b. Created with the idea of being useful for health systems around the world
c. Designed to be used by Psychiatrist and Psychologist
d. All statements are true
c. Designed to be used by Psychiatrist and Psychologist
Rationale:
The ICD is a broad classification system designed for all health conditions and is not limited to the use by psychiatrists and psychologists. It is used globally for morbidity and mortality statistics, reimbursement systems, and automated decision support in health care. While it does cover psychiatric disorders, it also encompasses a wide range of other diseases and health conditions.
Match the correct pair
I. Biological evaluation
II. Psychological evaluation
III. Sociocultural evaluation
A. defense mechanisms, psychosexual stages
B. nature of stresses, communication style
C. diagnostic and physical evaluation
I. Biological evaluation
C. diagnostic and physical evaluation
II. Psychological evaluation
A. defense mechanisms, psychosexual stages
III. Sociocultural evaluation
B. nature of stresses, communication style
This model dominated Western medicine for more than a century.
Select one:
a. biomedical model
b. biopsychosocial model
c. biosociocultural model
d. psychospiritual model
a. biomedical model
Rationale: The biomedical model dominated Western medicine for over a century. This model views health and illness solely in terms of biological factors, without considering psychological or social factors. It’s a reductionist view that sees the body as a machine with parts that can be repaired or replaced. While it has been crucial for many advances in medicine, it has its limitations, especially when considering mental health and chronic illnesses where psychological and social factors play a significant role.
Fixed, false beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidences
Select one:
A. hallucination
B. illusion
C. delusion
D. perception
C. delusion
Perception like experiences that occur without an external stimulus
Select one:
A. perception
B. hallucination
C. delusion
D. Illusion
B. hallucination
The following are the key features that define psychotic disorders, except:
Select one:
A. delusions
B. disorganized motor behavior
C. disorganized sleep
D. hallucinations
E. all are included
C. disorganized sleep
Match the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia and their definition
I. anhedonia
II. Asocialty
III. Avolition
IV. Alogia
A. Decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli
B. Apparent lack of interest in social interactions
C. A decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities
D. Manifested by diminished speech output
I. anhedonia
A. Decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli
II. Asociality
B. Apparent lack of interest in social interactions
III. Avolition
C. A decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities
IV. Alogia
D. Manifested by diminished speech output
Match the following types of delusions
I. Grandiose
II. Somatic
III. Persecutory
IV. Nihilistic
A. focus on preoccupations regarding health and organ function
B. involve the conviction that a major catastrophe will occur
C. belief that he/she is being conspired against, cheated, harassed, poisoned in the pursuit of long term goals
D. belief that he/she has exceptional abilities, wealth or fame
I. Grandiose
D. belief that he/she has exceptional abilities, wealth or fame
II. Somatic
A. focus on preoccupations regarding health and organ function
III. Persecutory
C. belief that he/she is being conspired against, cheated, harassed, poisoned in the pursuit of long term goals
IV. Nihilistic
B. involve the conviction that a major catastrophe will occur
Match the following thought process disorder and definition
I. Tangentiality
II. Word salad
III. Thought blocking
IV. Derailment
A. loss of the goal of communication and not being able to return to the topic
B. may switch from one topic to another
C. may be severely disorganized that it is nearly incomprehensible
D. answers to questions may obliquely related or completely unrelated
I. Tangentiality
D. answers to questions may be obliquely related or completely unrelated
II. Word salad
C. may be severely disorganized that it is nearly incomprehensible
III. Thought blocking
A. loss of the goal of communication and not being able to return to the topic
IV. Derailment
B. may switch from one topic to another
Which of the ff. is not a specimen for bipolar and related disorders?
A. with atypical features
B. with seasonal pattern .
C. With psychotic features .
D. With cyclothymic features
D. With cyclothymic features
Cyclothymia is a separate disorder within the bipolar and related disorders category, rather than being a specifier for bipolar disorder itself. The other options (A. with atypical features, B. with seasonal pattern, C. With psychotic features) can be specifiers for episodes within bipolar disorder.
The following medical conditions may cause Bipolar manic or hypomanic conditions, except:
Select one:
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Cushing’s Disease
C. Stroke
D. Hypertension
D. Hypertension
Rationale: While multiple sclerosis, Cushing’s Disease, and stroke have been associated with mood disturbances that can mimic the symptoms of bipolar disorder, hypertension in and of itself is not directly tied to causing manic or hypomanic states.
Which of the following is not a symptom of a hypomanic episode?
Select one:
A. grandiosity
B. psychosis
C. Increase in goal directed activity
D. Inflated self esteem
B. psychosis
Rationale: Psychosis (hallucinations and delusions) is not a feature of a hypomanic episode. If psychosis is present, the episode is more likely a full manic episode.
Which of the following is not a symptom of a manic episode?
Select one:
A. Inflated self esteem
B. no exception, all are manic symptoms
C. flight of ideas
D. insomnia
E. distractibility
B. no exception, all are manic symptoms
Rationale: All of the listed options (inflated self-esteem, flight of ideas, insomnia, distractibility) can be symptoms of a manic episode.
Which of the following is not a symptom of a major depressive episode?
Select one:
A. decreased need for sleep
B. no exceptions, all are included
C. anhedonia
D. significant weight gain
E. psychomotor agitation
A. decreased need for sleep
Rationale: Decreased need for sleep is more commonly associated with manic or hypomanic episodes. While insomnia or hypersomnia may be seen in major depressive episodes, it’s the decreased need for sleep despite lack of fatigue that differentiates it from typical insomnia.
The following is true about the criteria for a Manic episode, except:
Select one:
A. no exception, all are correct
B. The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning
C. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day
D. The episode may be attributable to physiological effects of substance
D. The episode may be attributable to physiological effects of substance
Rationale: While substance-induced mood disorder can manifest with symptoms that are similar to a manic episode, a true manic episode as per DSM criteria cannot be attributable solely to the physiological effects of a substance.
Which of the following defines rapid cycling in Bipolar disorder:
Select one:
A. 4 or more mood episodes within 1 year
B. 3 or more mood episodes within 1 year
C. 2 or more mood episodes within 1 year
D. 5 or more mood episodes within 1 year
A. 4 or more mood episodes within 1 year
Rationale: Rapid cycling in bipolar disorder is defined as the occurrence of four or more mood episodes (manic, hypomanic, or depressive) within a 12-month period.
Full remission for Bipolar and related disorders is characterized as:
Select one:
A. During the past one month, no significant signs or symptoms of the disturbance were present
B. During the past 2 months, no significant signs or symptoms of the disturbance were present.
C. Symptoms of the immediately previous manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode are present, but full criteria are not met, or there is a period lasting less than two month without any significant symptoms of a manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode following the end of such an episode.
D. Symptoms of the immediately previous manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode are present, but full criteria are not met, or there is a period lasting less than one month without any significant symptoms of a manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode following the end of such an episode.
B. During the past 2 months, no significant signs or symptoms of the disturbance were present.
Rationale: In the context of the DSM, full remission typically refers to a period where the individual has not experienced significant symptoms of the disorder. For Bipolar and related disorders, the period specified for full remission is typically 2 months without significant signs or symptoms of the disturbance.
