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ZOOLFUN > LE 2 > Flashcards

LE 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which among the following is NOT a classification of animal tissue?

A

Areolar

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2
Q

RBC: Vascular as to

A

Cuboidal: Epithelial

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3
Q

Identify the connective tissue being described. Attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones.

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

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4
Q

Adipose: fat storage as to

A

fibrous: attachment of muscles to skin

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5
Q

Neurilemma: nervous as to

A

sarcoplasm: cardiac

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6
Q

An involuntary muscle that has only one nucleus and cannot be controlled by the will

A

Smooth

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7
Q

Which epithelium covers the dry surface of the skin and inner lining of pancreatic ducts?

A

Compound epithelium

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8
Q

A process by which homeostasis can adjust to changes in external environment

A

Acclimatization

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9
Q

________________________ junctions stops the flow of substances between the cells.

A

Tight junction

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10
Q

What is the shape of the liver cell?

A

polygonal

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11
Q

Connective tissue that insulates against heat loss; provide reserve fuel

A

Adipose connective tissue

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12
Q

A type of epithelial tissues that can be found on the linings of the trachea and vagina

A

Squamous

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13
Q

On what bases are epithelial tissues classified?

A

Shape and arrangement are used to classify epithelial tissues.

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14
Q

In response to the stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili

A

Are responsible for goose bumps

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15
Q

The waterproofing protein that fills the cells in the upper layers of the epidermis.

A

Keratin

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16
Q

The type of cell that produces melanin, which protects us against UV rays

A

Melanocytes

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epidermal cells?

A

They do not wear off

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18
Q

Melanin reside in the

A

Epidermis

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19
Q

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale

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20
Q

Haversian system can be found in ____________

A

Bone

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21
Q

Layers of flattened keratinocytes producing keratin. Examples are hair and nails.

A

Stratum granulosum

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22
Q

During relaxation of skeletal muscle fibers, a/an _____ system pumps calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage

A

Active transport ?

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23
Q

The ability of muscles to be stretched and return to their original shape is called

A

Elasticity

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24
Q

Connective tissue covering that closely surrounds skeletal muscle and binds fascicle together

A

Epimysium

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25
Q

In the case of low blood glucose concentration, the negative feedback is

A

conversion of glycogen to glucose

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26
Q

Differentiated bone forming cells responsible for the production of bone matrix. Its secretion of collagen and ground substance makes up the initial unmineralized bone or osteoid.

A

Osteoblast

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27
Q

Consists chiefly of spongy bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone

A

Epiphysis

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28
Q

It is the thick myofilament in a muscle

A

Myosin

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29
Q

The lining tissue of all surfaces of the bone that face the medullary cavity and also the trabeculae of the bone.

A

Endosteum

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30
Q

Which is more likely to contain yellow marrow?

A

Cavity of long bones

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31
Q

Bones of the appendicular skeleton include the following EXCEPT for

A

Hyoid

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32
Q

Which of the following ions cause myosin cross-bridges to pull the actin filaments during muscle contraction at increased concentration?

A

Calcium

33
Q

When a muscle is attached to one end of the bone that does NOT move when muscle contracts, that bone is said to be the ______ of that muscle

A

Insertion

34
Q

Myofibril’s functional unit

A

Sarcomere

35
Q

Muscle found in walls of bladder, various ducts, arteries, and veins

A

Smooth muscle

36
Q

A break in the bone is called

A

Fracture

37
Q

Locomotion in most echinoderms is by ______

A

Ciliary movement ?

38
Q

All have non-muscular type of movement EXCEPT for

A

Earthworm

39
Q

Which of the following statement is incorrect about homeostasis

A

because of this, the fluctuations of the internal environment are of extremely narrow range as compared to that of the external environment ?

40
Q

Muscles are attached to bones by means of a thick cord-like connective tissue known as

A

Tendon

41
Q

Acid reflux or heartburn over-the-counter drugs stop the formation of stomach acid. Which of the following cells is this medicine directly affecting?

A

smooth muscle cells?

42
Q

Numerous vitamins operate as cofactors for enzymes, which, like enzymes themselves, are affected by the chemical processes in which they take part. As a result, only very small amounts of vitamins are needed.

A

False

43
Q

The molecules that aids in the emulsifications of fats are produced in the

A

liver

44
Q

Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism?

A

Lion - substrate feeder

45
Q

Ticks are insects that nourish on the blood of their hosts; therefore, ticks are considered as

A

fluid feeders

46
Q

To extract the most simplified food substance from the digestive system, it is best to

A

small intestine

47
Q

The only amino acids that are considered necessary are those that an animal cannot make from other compounds.

A

True

48
Q

Animals require systems for ___________ since many of the meals they consume are mostly made up of macromolecules.

A

enzymatic hydrolysis

49
Q

Greater processing may be done because of the alimentary canal’s longer transit time, and absorption is made possible by the canal’s larger surface area.

A

True

50
Q

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

A

large intestine - bile production

51
Q

Peristalsis is the

A

narrowing of smooth muscle allowing food to move along the esophagus

52
Q

Bile salts

A

emulsify fats in the small intestine ?

53
Q

The symbiotic microbes that help nourish a ruminant live mainly in special regions of

A

stomach

54
Q

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict his or her dietary intake of

A

fat

55
Q

The purpose of antidiarrhea medicine would most likely be to

A

increase water reabsorption in the large intestine

56
Q

Which of the following is not a similarity between open and closed circulatory systems?

A

The blood and interstitial fluid are distinguishable from each other

57
Q

An atrioventricular valve prevents the backflow and leakage of blood from

A

the right ventricle into the right atrium

58
Q

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

A

is a final step of a clotting process that involves multiple clotting factors

59
Q

A benefit of having a closed circulatory system is the capacity to cut off blood flow to the lungs when the animal is submerged in water.

A

False

60
Q

Which of the following would not be a possible function of a plasma protein in a mammal?

A

oxygen transport

61
Q

During diastole

A

-blood flows passively into the ventricles
-semilunar valves are closed but atrioventricular valves are open
-the atria fill with blood

62
Q

Atrial systole

A

appears at the same time as ventricular diastole

63
Q

You cut your finger, and even after applying pressure to the wound for a while, you see that it is still gushing blood. What may the issue be?

A

Platelets are not properly functioning, or there are too few to be effective.

64
Q

The nurse tells you that your blood pressure is 120/70. What does the 70 refer to?

A

the diastolic pressure from the recoil of the arteries

65
Q

As a general rule, blood leaving the right ventricle of a mammals heart will pass through how many capillary beds before it returns to the right ventricle?

A

two

66
Q

Circulatory systems makes up for the

A

gradual rate of diffusion that occurs over large distances

67
Q

Which of these would you anticipate in organism that has a high resting cardiac output?

A

The animal likely has a very long distance between its heart and its brain.

68
Q

What causes a heart murmur?

A

a leaking heart valve

69
Q

Innate immunity

A

is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens

70
Q

A baby who receives an unintentional dose of a medication that damages the thymus would likely

A

be unable to differentiate and mature T cells

71
Q

A young man tumbles from his bike. He quickly starts bleeding from a scratch on his hand, which also gets red, heated, and swollen. What reaction is taking place?

A

inflammatory response

72
Q

It is likely to be beneficial for someone who has been bitten by a deadly snake with a fast-acting toxin to have

A

injection of antibodies to the toxin

73
Q

Because of this, Maria was able to successfully employ the cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus.

A

there are some epitopes (antigenic determinants) similar to both pox viruses ?

74
Q

A tissue transplant will elicit a different immunological response from a bacterium because

A

MHC molecules of the donor may cause rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules

75
Q

These cells of the mammalian innate immune system aid in the removal of malignancies.

A

Natural killer cells

76
Q

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

A

innate immunity

77
Q

What is the primary immunological purpose of mucus in respiratory and digestive tracts?

A

physical trapping of pathogens?

78
Q

Typical inflammatory responses include

A

heightened activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area

79
Q

Briefly discuss the antigen recognition by a T cell.

A

T cells bind to antigens that are only displayed on a host cell bound to MHC molecules. These molecules are proteins that help present the antigen fragments on the cell surface.

ZOOLFUN (4 decks)

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