LE 2 Flashcards by Lovely Marie Villar

Which among the following is NOT a classification of animal tissue?

Areolar

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RBC: Vascular as to

Cuboidal: Epithelial

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Identify the connective tissue being described. Attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones.

Dense fibrous connective tissue

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Adipose: fat storage as to

fibrous: attachment of muscles to skin

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Neurilemma: nervous as to

sarcoplasm: cardiac

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An involuntary muscle that has only one nucleus and cannot be controlled by the will

Smooth

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Which epithelium covers the dry surface of the skin and inner lining of pancreatic ducts?

Compound epithelium

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A process by which homeostasis can adjust to changes in external environment

Acclimatization

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________________________ junctions stops the flow of substances between the cells.

Tight junction

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What is the shape of the liver cell?

polygonal

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Connective tissue that insulates against heat loss; provide reserve fuel

Adipose connective tissue

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A type of epithelial tissues that can be found on the linings of the trachea and vagina

Squamous

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On what bases are epithelial tissues classified?

Shape and arrangement are used to classify epithelial tissues.

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In response to the stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili

Are responsible for goose bumps

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The waterproofing protein that fills the cells in the upper layers of the epidermis.

Keratin

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The type of cell that produces melanin, which protects us against UV rays

Melanocytes

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epidermal cells?

They do not wear off

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Melanin reside in the

Epidermis

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The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis

Stratum basale

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Haversian system can be found in ____________

Bone

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Layers of flattened keratinocytes producing keratin. Examples are hair and nails.

Stratum granulosum

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During relaxation of skeletal muscle fibers, a/an _____ system pumps calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage

Active transport ?

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The ability of muscles to be stretched and return to their original shape is called

Elasticity

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Connective tissue covering that closely surrounds skeletal muscle and binds fascicle together

Epimysium

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In the case of low blood glucose concentration, the negative feedback is

conversion of glycogen to glucose

Differentiated bone forming cells responsible for the production of bone matrix. Its secretion of collagen and ground substance makes up the initial unmineralized bone or osteoid.

Osteoblast

Consists chiefly of spongy bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone

Epiphysis

It is the thick myofilament in a muscle

Myosin

The lining tissue of all surfaces of the bone that face the medullary cavity and also the trabeculae of the bone.

Endosteum

Which is more likely to contain yellow marrow?

Cavity of long bones

Bones of the appendicular skeleton include the following EXCEPT for

Hyoid

Which of the following ions cause myosin cross-bridges to pull the actin filaments during muscle contraction at increased concentration?

Calcium

When a muscle is attached to one end of the bone that does NOT move when muscle contracts, that bone is said to be the ______ of that muscle

Insertion

Myofibril's functional unit

Sarcomere

Muscle found in walls of bladder, various ducts, arteries, and veins

Smooth muscle

A break in the bone is called

Fracture

Locomotion in most echinoderms is by ______

Ciliary movement ?

All have non-muscular type of movement EXCEPT for

Earthworm

Which of the following statement is incorrect about homeostasis

because of this, the fluctuations of the internal environment are of extremely narrow range as compared to that of the external environment ?

Muscles are attached to bones by means of a thick cord-like connective tissue known as

Tendon

Acid reflux or heartburn over-the-counter drugs stop the formation of stomach acid. Which of the following cells is this medicine directly affecting?

smooth muscle cells?

Numerous vitamins operate as cofactors for enzymes, which, like enzymes themselves, are affected by the chemical processes in which they take part. As a result, only very small amounts of vitamins are needed.

False

The molecules that aids in the emulsifications of fats are produced in the

liver

Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism?

Lion - substrate feeder

Ticks are insects that nourish on the blood of their hosts; therefore, ticks are considered as

fluid feeders

To extract the most simplified food substance from the digestive system, it is best to

small intestine

The only amino acids that are considered necessary are those that an animal cannot make from other compounds.

True

Animals require systems for ___________ since many of the meals they consume are mostly made up of macromolecules.

enzymatic hydrolysis

Greater processing may be done because of the alimentary canal's longer transit time, and absorption is made possible by the canal's larger surface area.

True

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

large intestine - bile production

Peristalsis is the

narrowing of smooth muscle allowing food to move along the esophagus

Bile salts

emulsify fats in the small intestine ?

The symbiotic microbes that help nourish a ruminant live mainly in special regions of

stomach

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict his or her dietary intake of

fat

The purpose of antidiarrhea medicine would most likely be to

increase water reabsorption in the large intestine

Which of the following is not a similarity between open and closed circulatory systems?

The blood and interstitial fluid are distinguishable from each other

An atrioventricular valve prevents the backflow and leakage of blood from

the right ventricle into the right atrium

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

is a final step of a clotting process that involves multiple clotting factors

A benefit of having a closed circulatory system is the capacity to cut off blood flow to the lungs when the animal is submerged in water.

False

Which of the following would not be a possible function of a plasma protein in a mammal?

oxygen transport

During diastole

-blood flows passively into the ventricles -semilunar valves are closed but atrioventricular valves are open -the atria fill with blood

Atrial systole

appears at the same time as ventricular diastole

You cut your finger, and even after applying pressure to the wound for a while, you see that it is still gushing blood. What may the issue be?

Platelets are not properly functioning, or there are too few to be effective.

The nurse tells you that your blood pressure is 120/70. What does the 70 refer to?

the diastolic pressure from the recoil of the arteries

As a general rule, blood leaving the right ventricle of a mammals heart will pass through how many capillary beds before it returns to the right ventricle?

two

Circulatory systems makes up for the

gradual rate of diffusion that occurs over large distances

Which of these would you anticipate in organism that has a high resting cardiac output?

The animal likely has a very long distance between its heart and its brain.

What causes a heart murmur?

a leaking heart valve

Innate immunity

is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens

A baby who receives an unintentional dose of a medication that damages the thymus would likely

be unable to differentiate and mature T cells

A young man tumbles from his bike. He quickly starts bleeding from a scratch on his hand, which also gets red, heated, and swollen. What reaction is taking place?

inflammatory response

It is likely to be beneficial for someone who has been bitten by a deadly snake with a fast-acting toxin to have

injection of antibodies to the toxin

Because of this, Maria was able to successfully employ the cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus.

there are some epitopes (antigenic determinants) similar to both pox viruses ?

A tissue transplant will elicit a different immunological response from a bacterium because

MHC molecules of the donor may cause rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules

These cells of the mammalian innate immune system aid in the removal of malignancies.

Natural killer cells

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

innate immunity

What is the primary immunological purpose of mucus in respiratory and digestive tracts?

physical trapping of pathogens?

Typical inflammatory responses include

heightened activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area

Briefly discuss the antigen recognition by a T cell.

T cells bind to antigens that are only displayed on a host cell bound to MHC molecules. These molecules are proteins that help present the antigen fragments on the cell surface.