LE 1

Question 1

The best method for determining whether rice plants require sodium is to

Answer 1

grow bean plants with and without sodium

Question 2

With evolution as the core theme of biology, we can explain traits shared by organisms as evidence of __________ and traits that differ among organisms as evidence of __________.

Answer 2

descent from a common ancestor; adaptation through natural selection

Question 3

The accumulation of differences between species or populations is called

Answer 3

divergence

Question 4

A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable for being true or false means that __________.

Answer 4

some conceivable observation or experiment could reveal whether a given hypothesis is incorrect

Question 5

Forelimbs of vertebrates would be considered

Answer 5

homologous structures

Question 6

The process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment is known as

Answer 6

adaptation

Question 7

Natural selection is the process by which

Answer 7

organisms with traits well-suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than less well-adapted organisms in the same environment

Question 8

Evolution tends to act at

Answer 8

Population level

Question 9

Which of the following is an attribute of living things?

Answer 9

They must be capable of acquiring adaptations through evolution.

Question 10

In doing biochemical analysis to study evolution of organisms, a molecular clock is used to describe:

Answer 10

that many difference in a protein sequence indicate a great amount of time since divergence from a common ancestor

Question 11

Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio

Answer 11

decreases

Question 12

A cell biologist treats a cell so that oxygen cannot diffuse across the membrane. Which organelle will be directly affected?

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

The arrangement of the outer and central microtubules in a cilium is called the…

Answer 13

9 + 2

Question 14

Which of the following is a type of intercellular junction in animal cells?

Answer 14

Desmosome

Question 15

Where are proteins that are used outside the cell synthesized?

Answer 15

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 16

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

Question 17

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the digestion of proteins within liver cells, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected?

Answer 17

lysosome

Question 18

An organelle responsible for cellular digestion.

Answer 18

lysosome

Question 19

An organelle responsible for sorting and packaging of secretory products in vesicles.

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Cell membrane carbohydrates participate in

Answer 20

Cell-to-cell communication

Question 21

Which of the following cellular organelles breaks down complex macromolecules, such as polysaccharides and proteins.

Answer 21

Lysosome

Question 22

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live?

Answer 22

cell

Question 23

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice?

Answer 23

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

Question 24

Which of the following molecules moves regularly from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Answer 24

RNA

Question 25

Structure in the nucleus that contains the units of heredity.

Answer 25

Chromosomes

Question 26

Which of the following happens as electrons pass down the electron transport chain?

Answer 26

Energy from the moving electrons transports H+ ions into the intermembrane space.

Question 27

The sodium concentration in a cell is 10 times less than the concentration in the sorrounding fluid. How can the cell move sodium out of the cell?

Answer 27

active transport

Question 28

If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by

Answer 28

Fermentation

Question 29

What molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain?

Answer 29

oxygen

Question 30

ATP is a compound that is synthesized when

Answer 30

energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration

Question 31

Which high-energy electron carrier is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using glycolysis?

Answer 31

NAD+

Question 32

In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of

Answer 32

organic compounds

Question 33

In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?

Answer 33

They both involve organic and inorganic molecules.

Question 34

Facilitated diffusion across a membrane requires __________ and moves a solute ___________ its concentration gradient

Answer 34

transport proteins......down

Question 35

Where do the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up following the Krebs cycle?

Answer 35

They become part of a carbon dioxide molecule and end up in the atmosphere

Question 36

Which best describes the structure of a cell membrane?

Answer 36

proteins embedded in a bilayer of phospholipids

Question 37

A cell in the G0 stage _____.

Answer 37

is no longer dividing

Question 38

Which of the following characteristics is common to species that reproduce sexually?

Answer 38

Meiosis

Question 39

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during _____.

Answer 39

Meiosis I

Question 40

Organized by the centrioles, what structures are important in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Answer 40

spindle fibers

Question 41

A horse has 2n = 64, whereas a donkey has 2n = 62. How many chromosomes does a mule (the offspring of a horse×donkey cross) have?

Answer 41

2n = 63

Question 42

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a recessive X-linked allele. A man with this disorder _____.

Answer 42

must have inherited it from his mother

Question 43

Nondisjunction in the first meiotic division in a human male could result at fertilization in _____

Answer 43

Turner syndrome

Question 44

In a plant species, if the B allele (blue flowers) and the b allele (white flowers) are incompletely dominant (Bb is light blue), what offspring ratio is expected in a cross between a blue-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant?

Answer 44

All light blue

Question 45

Which statement best describes human sex determination?

Answer 45

Individuals with a Y chromosome are male.

Question 46

In modern terminology, what are the “unit factors” Mendel refers: Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors existing in pairs in individual organisms as ______?

Answer 46

Alleles

Question 47

The presence of more than two alternative forms of a given gene would be called ___.

Answer 47

Multiple alleles

Question 48

If the green pea pod allele (G) is dominant to the yellow allele (g), a cross between two heterozygous plants would be expected to produce _____ plants.

Answer 48

3/4 green and 1/4 yellow

Question 49

In a cross between two individuals BbGG × Bbgg, what ratio of phenotypes would be expected in the offspring if the two genes show independent assortment?

Answer 49

3:1

Question 50

During the elongation phase of translation, charged tRNAs enter the ribosome at the _____.

Answer 50

A site

Question 51

Which of the following is not consistent with Erwin Chargaff’s findings?

Answer 51

(C + G) = (A + T)

Question 52

If Hershey and Chase had used a phage that completely entered the cell (protein coat and all) instead of injecting its DNA, what conclusion would they have drawn; from their experiment?

Answer 52

They would not have been able to tell whether DNA or proteins were the genetic material.

Question 53

In the flow of information, transcription is _____.

Answer 53

the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Question 54

Any molecule that serves as the genetic material must have the following characteristics except _____.

Answer 54

the ability to directly influence the development of traits

Question 55

The zebrafish is found to have ~19% guanine in its DNA. How much adenine would you expect?

Answer 55

31%

Question 56

Which of the following categories of mutations is not passed to offspring?

Answer 56

Somatic

Question 57

While there are several mutations that give rise to cystic fibrosis, a common one is a three-base-pair deletion corresponding to position 508 of the CFTR protein. This would result in _____.

Answer 57

the deletion of a single amino acid in the protein

Question 58

Which of the following is not included in the Watson–Crick model of DNA structure?

Answer 58

The strands run parallel.