LDR Flashcards

1
Q

What does the LDR produce?

A
  • reduced NADP (NADPH)
  • ATP
  • Oxygen (by-product)
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2
Q

What is H2O split into in photolysis?

A

1/2 O2
2H+
2e-

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3
Q

What are the products of the LDR needed for?

A

LIR

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4
Q

What are the electrons produced in photolysis used for?

A

passed along chain of electron character proteins

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5
Q

What are the H+ ions produced in photolysis used for?

A

picked up by NADP to make NADPH
also pumped to create electrochemical gradient and diffuse through ATP synthase (allowing ATP to be formed)

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6
Q

What causes chlorophyll to become ionised?

A

absorbs light energy, which raises energy level of electrons (excited state), causes them to leave chlorophyll

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7
Q

What happens to the electrons after they leave chlorophyll?

A

they are passed along an electron carrier chain in thylakoid membrane

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8
Q

What do the electrons passing through the chain do?

A

release/lose energy

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9
Q

What is the energy released by electrons passing through the electron carrier chain used for?

A

to pump H+ ions into the lumen of the thylakoid

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10
Q

What is created as H+ ions are pumped into the lumen of the thylakoid?

A

an electrochemical gradient

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11
Q

What are the 3 main steps of the LDR?

A
  • photoionisation
  • chemiosmosis
  • photolysis
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12
Q

How are electrons passed along the electron carrier proteins?

A

in a series of redox reactions

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13
Q

What are the electrons used for after being passed along the electron transfer chain?

A

accepted alongside H+ to form NADPH

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14
Q

What is the energy lost from the electrons used for?

A

pumping H+ ions against their electrochemical gradient

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15
Q

What happens in photoionisation? (2 points)

A
  • light absorbed by chlorophyll
  • raises electrons an energy level SO they are lost from the chlorophyll
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16
Q

Why do plants benefit from having different coloured pigments?

A

absorb different/more wavelengths of light for the LDR

17
Q

Why might not all light be used in photosynthesis?

A
  • some could be reflected
  • some light is incorrect wavelength
18
Q

What happens in photolysis?

A

light energy absorbed by chlorophyll, splits H2O into 2H+ + 2e- + 0.5O2

19
Q

How is NADP reduced in the LDR?

A
  • gains electrons from ETC
  • originally from chlorophyll
20
Q

If investigating photosynthesis, why would radioactively labelled carbon dioxide be used?

A
  • involved/used in photosynthesis
  • allows detection of products
21
Q

What causes electrons to be lost from chlorophyll?

A

light energy