LC ROR Revision

Question 1

You are the Coxswain of a PAC 24 underway in the South Coast Exercise Areas. You have
just departed HMS Richmond South of Rame Head and are on transit to 13 Wharf to conduct
a personnel transfer. It is late afternoon, the weather is fair, visibility is good and winds are
light. When the Navigating Officer briefed you prior to leaving the ship they mentioned that
fog was forecast later in the evening.

1. As you approach Penlee Point you sight a T23 Frigate at Green 45, range 1nm as
   shown below:

a. You assess that risk of collision exists. Who has right of way and what action
(if any) is required of you? (R.15/R.18)

Answer 1

The T23 has right of way (1) you are required to take action as the give-way vessel in a crossing
situation – keep out of the way and, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel (1)

Question 2

As you pass the T23, you notice another vessel at Green 90, range 2nm displaying
this shape: Vertical Can

b. What does this signify and what is your responsibility regarding this vessel?
(R.28/R.18)

Answer 2

She is a vessel constrained by her draught (1) we should not impede her safe passage (1)

Question 3

2. You safely pass the other vessel and alter towards the main channel into Plymouth,
   you notice the Panther Shoal starboard lateral mark ahead of you.
   c. To which side of the channel should you navigate? (R.9a)

Answer 3

As near to the outer limit of the channel which lies on our own starboard side (1)

Question 4

As a vessel of less than 20m in length, what 2 things shall you avoid doing in a
narrow channel? (9b./9d.)

Answer 4

Not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or
fairway (1) Not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel
which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway (1)

Question 5

You cross the channel and steer toward the Bridges, you notice the Speed limit
signs on the Beacons. Name two factors that are to be considered by all vessels when
determining a safe speed?

Answer 5

Any 2 from
The state of visibility
Traffic density including concentrations of fisihing vessels or any other vessels
The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in
the prevailing conditions
At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own
lights
The state of wind sea current, and the proximity of navigational hazards
The draught in relation to the availble depth of water

Question 6

As you exit the Bridges you notice a SERCO vessel passing Devil’s Point. She is on
your Ship’s head at a range 4 cables, you are on her bow and can see her masts in a line.

d. What type of situation is this? (R.14)

Answer 6

Head on (1)

Question 7

You identify that risk of collision exists. Who has right of way and what action is
required? (R.14/R.18)

Answer 7

Both vessels are required to give way (1) Each shall alter her course to starboard so that
each shall pass on the port side of the other (1)

Question 8

You sight the Cremyll Ferry underway at Red 45, range 2 cables: heading towards our vessel.

a. What situation is developing and who is required to keep out of the way?
(R.15)

Answer 8

Crossing situation (1) the ferry is the give-way vessel (1)

Question 8

At night what light configuration would you see?

Head on situation of the other vessel

Answer 8

Masthead lights in a line or nearly in a line and or both side lights (1)

Question 9

What action are you required to take? (R.17a i)

Answer 9

Keep my course and speed (1)

Question 10

At what point may the stand-on vessel take action to avoid collision, and by
what means? (R. 17a ii)

Answer 10

As soon as it becomes apparent that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking
appropriate action (1) by her manoeuvre alone (1)

Question 11

As you enter Weston Mill Lake you notice a small rib showing the following flag: White and blue with a indent.

Answer 11

A vessel conducting diving operations (1)

Question 12

Your intended track passes close to the vessel; what action do you take? (The dive boat.)

Answer 12

Reduce speed / wash and keep clear (1)

Question 13

You complete the personnel transfer alongside 13 Wharf, prior to departing you
check your watch and notice that the sun has set.
a. When should navigation lights be displayed? (R.20c)

Answer 13

Between sunset and sunrise (1), between sunrise and sunset when navigating in restricted
visibility (1) and in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary (1).

Question 14

Given that sunset has occurred, what lights should you now be displaying
(arcs of visibility not required)? (R.23a)

Answer 14

An all-round white light (1) and port and starboard sidelights (2)
Or
A masthead light (1), sidelights (1) and sternlight (1).

Question 15

You make the VHF report to Longroom and are informed of various warships at
anchor in the Sound.

c. What light configuration shall a vessel of greater than 100m in length display
at anchor? (R.30)

Answer 15

In the fore part an all-round white light (1/2) at or near the stern and at a lower level an all round
white light (1/2) available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks (1)

Question 15

As you make your way back to the Ship you sight the following lights ahead of you.
What do they signify (include vessel type and aspect)? (R.26b)

white over red and a additional red offset and lower

Answer 15

vessel engaged in Pilotage duties (1) viewed from the portside (1)

Question 16

In restricted visibility what additional sound signal may a vessel at anchor
make to give warning of her position and the possibility of collision to an
approaching vessel? (R. 35g)

Answer 16

3 blasts in succession, one short, one prolonged, one short (1)

Question 17

Visibility starts to reduce as you pass the Western Breakwater (now assessed to be
approximately 2-3nm). At Red 70 you sight a white light flashing Q9 every 15s. What is this
and what does it indicate? (NP735)

Answer 17

Westerly Cardinal Marker (1) Danger lies to the east of this position keep to the west (1)

Question 18

You determine that risk of collision exists, what actions should you takein restricted vis? (R.19e)

Answer 18

Reduce speed to the minimum / take all way off (1) navigate with extreme caution until danger of
collision is over (1)

Question 18

As you continue towards Penlee Point visibility reduces to less than 0.5nm and you
hear 1 prolonged followed by 2 short blasts forward of the beam:

d. Name 3 vessels that this sound signal can be attributed to. (R.35c)

Answer 18

Any 3 from
Sailing vessel
Fishing vessel
Vessel not under command
Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
Vessel constrained by her draught
Vessel engaged in towing or pushing

Question 19

You take the appropriate action sight lights at Red 10, range 0.3nm, that
correspond with the location of the sound signals: green over white additional white lower

What do these lights indicate (include vessel type and aspect)? (R.26)

Answer 19

A vessel engaged in trawling underway and making way (1) viewed from the stern (1)

Question 20

On your current course you will pass 0.1nm to starboard of this vessel; what
situation is this? (R.13 R.18)

Answer 20

Overtaking (1)

Question 21

What action, if any, is required of you? (R.13)

Answer 21

Keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken (1)

Question 22

Visibility improves and you continue your return to mother. On transit you hear a
MAYDAY call on VHF channel 16. A yacht is in distress in vicinity of Falmouth. Other than
VHF radio, name 2 methods a vessel could indicate that they were in distress by night.
(Annex IV).

Answer 22

Any 2 from:
A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;
A continuous sounding on any fog signalling apparatus
Rockets or shells throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals
A signal made by any signalling method consisting of the group …—… (SOS) in the Morse Code.
A signal sent by radio telephony (MF/HF) consisting of the spoken word MAYDAY.
Flames on a vessel.
A rocket parachute flare or hand flare showing a red light.
MF/HF DSC alert.
EPIRB signals.

Question 23

Ahead of you at 1.5nm you sight HMS Richmond altering course to avoid a cluster of
lights. At this range, you can make out the following configuration:

3 x green lights in a triangle

Answer 23

MCMV (1) Engaged in Mine clearance operations (1)

Question 24

What is the minimum distance that this vessel should be passed? (R.27f)
Mine clearance

Answer 24

1000m (1)

Question 25

The bowman asks if this vessel is Restricted in her Ability to manoeuvre and if so,
what lights should she display?

Answer 25

During MCM ops she does not have to signify that she is RAM (1) if she were RAM and making
way, in addition to sidelights and stern light(1), she would display three all-round lights the highest
and lowest being red and the middle white (1)

Question 26

What type of vessel is this? (R.26) 2 Black cones pointing at each other.

Answer 26

A vessel engaged in fishing (may be trawling or fishing other than trawling).

Question 27

You assess that risk of collision exists between you and the other vessel. Who
has right of way and what action would you take?(R.18/R.16)
Approaching a vessel fishing

Answer 27

The vessel engaged in fishing has right of way (1) and I would keep out of the way (1).

Question 28

A Buoy with the top mark of 2 cones pointing towards each other. coloured yellow black yellow

Answer 28

It is a Westerly Cardinal Mark (1). It would show a white light (1/2) flashing groups of 9
flashes Q or VQ (1/2).

Question 29

You continue your passage into Plymouth Sound and note a power driven vessel
ahead of you on your starboard bow (see below). You assess that risk of collision exists.
What situation is developing and who is required to keep out of the way?
(R.15)

Answer 29

A crossing situation is developing (1) and I am required to keep out of the way (1).

Question 30

Assuming that there is safe water in all directions and no other vessels to
effect what action would you take (include details of any sound signals
required)? (R.15/R.16/R.34)

Answer 30

I shall keep out of the way (1) and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid
crossing ahead of the other vessel (1). I should sound a manoeuvring sound signal
(one short blast if altering to starboard).

Question 31

You continue into harbour and notice a yacht; her sail is hoisted but you can see that
she is clearly under power / has propelling machinery running.

a. How could she indicate that she has propelling machinery running whilst also
under sail? (R.25e)

Answer 31

She should exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex
downwards.

Question 32

b. If under power with sails hoisted, what type of vessel is she now regarded as
within the meaning of the rules? (R.3)

Answer 32

A power-driven vessel.

Question 33

c. You determine that you’re overtaking this vessel and that risk of collision
exists. Who is required to keep out of the way and what, if any, action would you
take? (R.13)

Answer 33

I am required to keep out of the way (1) and I should take early and substantial action
to keep well clear (1).

Question 34

Your intended track passes close to the Diving vessel; what action do you take?

Answer 34

I would keep out of the way. Marks also awarded for reduce speed / pass at a safe
distance / consider wake and wash.

Question 35

What situation exists (You can see both sidelights )and what action, if any, do you take? (R.14/R.34)

Answer 35

A head-on situation is developing (1) and I should alter my course to starboard so as to
pass on the port side of the other vessel (1). I should sound one short blast (1).

Question 36

Having cleared the other vessel you notice the following flag hoist in HMS DIAMOND
who is alongside 5 Wharf. What is the hoist and what does it mean? RY

Answer 36

Code Romeo Yankee (1)
Pass Me Slowly (1)

Question 37

As you approach North Corner to turn into Weston Mill you hear one prolonged blast but can’t see any other vessels underway. What does this sound signal mean and what action do you take? (R.34e) (3)

Answer 37

It is a vessel approaching a bend or an area of narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may
be obscured by an intervening obstruction indicating her presence (1).
I would navigate with particular alertness and caution (1) (marks also awarded for slow down /
reduce speed). I should sound one prolonged blast on the whistle (1).

Question 38

You arrive safely alongside 12 Wharf Landing Stage and embark your passengers. By the
time you leave sunset has taken place and it is starting to get dark.

10. You correctly turn on your navigation lights on departing 12 Wharf Landing Stage.
    After turning them on you check to ensure that they are working correctly. What lights do
    you expect to see and what should be their arcs of visibility? (3)

Answer 38

Lights Expected:
Sidelights (1/2), Sternlight (1/2) and Masthead light (1/2)
Arcs of visibility as shown right for final 1.5 marks.

Question 39

What do these lights indicate? (R.23) Mast and side visible
You determine that risk of collision exists; what situation is this? (R.14)
What action, if any, is required of you? (R.14)

Answer 39

What do these lights indicate? (R.23)

A head on situation.

I should alter my course to starboard so as to pass on the port side of the other vessel.

Question 40

As you look down the channel you can see both port and starboard lateral marks
ahead of you. To which side of the channel should you navigate as you depart the harbour?
(R.9a)

Answer 40

I shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway that lies on my own starboard side
as is safe and practicable.

Question 41

In accordance with the Navigator’s briefing you notice that visibility is beginning to
reduce. When does Rule 19 (the rule detailing the conduct of vessels in restricted visibility)
apply? (R.19a)

Answer 41

It applies to vessels not in sight of one another (1/2) when navigating in or near an area of
restricted visibility (1/2).

Question 41

You suddenly hear a very loud fog signal close ahead of you consisting of one
prolonged blast followed by 2 short blasts. You think that risk of collision may exist but are
unable to see the other vessel. What action should you take? (R. 19e)

Answer 41

I should reduce speed to the minimum at which I can be kept on course (1). I should, if necessary
take all way off (1/2), and in any event navigate with extreme caution (1/2) until the danger of
collision is over.

Question 41

As you proceed out through the Narrows and into Plymouth Sound you hear the following signals. What type of vessels do they signify? (R. 35)

a. At intervals of not more than 2 minutes, one prolonged blast?

b. At intervals of not more than 2 minutes, two prolonged blasts?

c. A vessel ringing the bell rapidly at intervals of not less than 1 minute?

Answer 41

A power-driven vessel making way through the water.

A power-driven vessel underway, but stopped and making no way through the water.

A vessel at anchor (less than 100m in length).

Question 42

You safely pass the vessel but proper lookout is now on your mind; other than sight
and hearing, name 2 other methods that are included in the term ‘proper lookout’? (R.5)

Answer 42

Any two of the following (or others if deemed appropriate). One mark each:
Radar
VHF Radio
AIS if fitted

Question 43

As you clear the breakwater the fog suddenly lifts and visibility is now in excess of
4nm. You hear on VHF channel 16 a MAYDAY call from a yacht in the vicinity of Fowey
which is answered by Falmouth Coastguard. Other than VHF radio, name 2 methods a
vessel could indicate that they were in distress (by day or night). (Annex IV).

Answer 43

Any two of the following. One mark each:
A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute.
A continuous sounding on any fog signalling apparatus.
Rockets or shells throwing red stars fired one at a time at regular intervals.
A signal made by any signalling method consisting of the group …—… (SOS) in the morse code.
The international code signal for distress indicated by N.C.
A signal consisting of a square shape having hoisted above or below it a ball or anything
resembling a ball.
Flames on the vessel.
A rocket parachute flare or a hand-flare showing a red light.
A smoke signal giving off orange coloured smoke.
Slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering of outstretched arms to each side.

Question 44

You arrive back at the RV and hear HMS Albion calling you on VHF; they state that
they have you visible directly ahead of them and that they are closing your position. You
look up and try to locate them visually; assuming you’re directly ahead of Albion what lights
do you expect to see? (R.23)

Answer 44

2 x white in a line side lights

Question 45

You are the Coxswain of an LCVP (length 15.7m) conducting a passenger transfer into
Liverpool. You have departed HMS ALBION in Liverpool Bay and have commenced your
passage towards the port. It’s early morning and the sun will rise around 30 minutes after
your departure. Visibility is currently good and winds are light; however, you’re aware that
fog patches have been reported by other vessels operating within the River Mersey.
1. As you depart HMS ALBION you double check that your navigation lights are
switched on. What do you expect to see? (Include in your answer both the types of lights
and their arcs of visibility) (R.21/R.23)

Answer 45

Masthead light (1), sidelights (1) and sternlight (1).
Arcs of visibility:
Masthead light – white light with unbroken arc of 225 ̊ and so fixed as to show from right
ahead to 22.5 ̊ abaft the beam on either side of the vessel (1).
Sidelights – green light to starboard and red to port each showing an unbroken arc of 112.5 ̊
and so fixed to show from right ahead to 22.5 ̊ abaft the beam on its respective side (1).
Sternlight – white light showing an unbroken arc of 135 ̊ and so fixed to show the light from
67.5 ̊ from right aft on each side of the vessel (1).

Question 46

You can make out the lights of the buoys marking the main channel some distance ahead of
you and use them as a headmark. You find it quite difficult to see them against the
background lights ashore.
2. Other than the presence of background lights (such as from shorelights or from
backscatter of your own lights) name 2 other factors that shall be taken into account by all
vessels when determining a safe speed. (R.6(a))

Answer 46

The state of visibility;
The traffic density, including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels
The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and
turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
The state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;
The draught of the vessel in relation to the available depth of water

Question 47

Conscious that you’re struggling to see lights against the shoreline, you focus on
maintaining a proper lookout. Other than sight and hearing, name 2 other methods of
maintaining a lookout which are included in the term ‘all available means’. (R.5)

Answer 47

VHF radio
AIS
Radar

Question 48

What type of vessel is this and what is her aspect? (R.26)
Green over white in a vertical line and Both Sidelights

From the lights seen, what can we determine about her length? (R.26)

You can see on radar that she is making good a speed of 4kns. How would
the lights shown above differ if she was stopped and making no way through the
water? (R.26)

You determine that risk of collision exists, what action is required of you?
(R.18(a))

Answer 48

It is a vessel engaged in fishing (trawling) (1), ahead aspect (1)

She is less than 50m in length (1)

She would turn off the sidelights (1) (and stern light)

I must keep out of the way (1)

Question 49

You safely pass the vessel and, continuing your passage, you sight the following lights on your starboard bow: Masthead and a red sidelight.

What type of vessel is this and what can be said about its length overall?
(R.23)

Answer 49

It is a power-driven vessel (1), less than 50m in length (1).

Question 50

You determine that risk of collision exists, what situation is developing and
who is the give way vessel? (R.15)

Answer 50

It is a crossing situation (1) and I am the give way vessel (1).

Question 51

What action do you take and what should, if the circumstances of the case admit, be avoided? (R.15) we give way

Answer 51

I should keep out of the way (1) and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel (1)

Question 52

You take the action required and, as you approach the entrance to Queen’s Channel,
it is starting to get light. You can easily make out both the port and starboard lateral marks
marking the main channel.

To which side of the narrow channel should you navigate? (R.9(a))

Answer 52

As near to the outer limit of the narrow channel which lies on our starboard side as is
safe and practicable (1)

Question 53

Entering the channel, you note the following buoy on your port bow; it has a white
light which is on for 2 seconds, then off for 2 seconds (isophase 4s).
White and red vertical stripes

What type of buoy is this and what does it indicate? (NP100/NP735)

Given your answers above, to which side should we probably leave the mark
in this case? (NP100/NP735)

Answer 53

It is a safe water mark (1). It indicates that there is navigable water all around the
mark (1) and is likely here to indicate the centre of the channel.

On our port side (1), since it marks the middle of the channel and we are intending to
navigate as near to the outer limit of the channel which lies on our starboard side as
is safe and practicable.

Question 54

You pass this navigation mark in accordance with the detail in your route card and
continue your passage along Queen’s Channel. Sunrise occurs and you turn off your
navigation lights. You sight ahead of you a merchant vessel passing Askew Spit; the
vessel is following the channel outbound.
(a). You assess that the other vessel can safely navigate only within the narrow
channel or fairway. What should we, as a vessel of less than 20m in length, avoid
doing? (R.9(b))

She has a black can hanging in the rigging.
What special condition does this shape indicate? (R.28)

How would she indicate this special condition at night? (R.28)

Answer 54

We should avoid impeding her passage (1)

She is constrained by her draught (1)

Three all round red lights in a vertical line where can best be seen (1)

Question 55

You safely clear the outbound merchant vessel and, on passing the statues in the sea at Crosby Beach, you notice on your port side a yacht with sails hoisted as shown below. The yacht appears to be crossing the channel along which you’re navigating.

You monitor the compass bearing of the yacht and it doesn’t appreciably change; the range to the yacht is however closing. What have you determined?
(R.7(d)(i))

If you were unsure whether risk of collision existed, what do the rules state that you should do? (R.7(a))

As you get closer to the yacht you notice the following shape in her rigging: Black cone apex down What does this signify? (R.25(e))

She is now 45 degrees on your port bow at a range of 800 yards; you assess that risk of collision exists. What situation exists and who is give way?
(R.15)

If you were in doubt as to whether the yacht was acting in compliance with the Rules in this case, what sound signal shall you make? (R.34(d))

If in this case, you decided to take action when she was at a range of 800 yards to avoid a close quarters situation, what action do the rules state should, if the circumstances of the case admit, be avoided? (R.17(c)

If you and the yacht became so close that collision could not be avoided by the action of the give way vessel alone, what action would be required of you? (R.17(b))

Answer 55

That risk of collision exists between our vessel and the yacht (1)

Assume that this is the case (i.e. risk of collision does exist) and act accordingly (1)

That she is also operating propelling machinery / under power (1) and is therefore a power driven vessel within the meaning of the Rules

A crossing situation (1) and the yacht is give way (1)

Sound at least 5 short and rapid blasts on the whistle (1)

A power driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation, in accordance with sub-paragraph (a)(ii) of this Rule, to avoid collision with another power driven vessel, shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel her own port side (1).

I should take such action as will best aid to avoid collision (1)

Question 56

When is a vessel deemed to be overtaking in accordance with the Rules? (R.13(b))

You determine that you are overtaking the other vessel and that risk of collision continues to exist. What action is required of you in accordance with Rule 13? (R.13(a))

At what point is the overtaking vessel relieved of her obligation to keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken? (R.13(d))

With plenty of searoom available, you decide that you will alter just your course to avoid the close quarters situation that is developing. The rules permit this providing that the course alteration meets 3 requirements – what are they?
(R8(c))

Answer 56

A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 ̊ abaft her beam (1) that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

I am required to keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken (1)

Only when she is finally past and clear (1) of the vessel she is overtaking.

The course alteration must be made in good time (1), be substantial (1) and should not result in another close quarters situation (1).

Question 57

As you approach Seacombe and near your destination, you notice that a dense fog
bank is moving up the river and visibility rapidly reduces to around 600 yards.
(a) When does Rule 19 (Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility) apply?
(R19(a))

(b) You turn on your navigation lights, post a lookout forward, review safe speed
and focus on the radar. Given that you’re now navigating in or near an area of
restricted visibility, what sound signals do you make and at what interval?
(R.34(a))

You detect a vessel by radar alone directly ahead of you. Using radar you
determine that she is on a reciprocal course (i.e. heading directly towards you) and
that risk of collision exists. What action is required of you and what manoeuvre
should, so far as possible, be avoided?
(R.19(d))

Answer 57

To vessels not in sight of one another (1) when navigating in or near an area of
restricted visibility (1)

One prolonged blast at intervals of not more than 2 minutes (1)

I should take avoiding action in ample time (1) providing that when such action
consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible, the following should be
avoided: (a) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam (1)

Question 58

Action required in a head on situation (R.19/R.14)

Answer 58

As we’re now in sight of one another, it is a head-on situation (1) and each vessel
should alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the
other (1).

Question 59

The fog clears as quickly as it descended and you safely pass the vessel continuing
your passage towards Liverpool Landing Stage. As you approach the landing stage
another vessel is departing and sounds 3 short blasts on their whistle. What does this
signal indicate? (R.34(a))

Answer 59

That she is operating astern propulsion (1)

Question 60

You are the Coxswain of an LCVP (length 15.7m) conducting a passenger transfer into
Portsmouth. You have departed HMS ALBION South West of the Needles with the intention
of conducting independent navigation training in the Solent prior to the transfer. It’s early
evening and, whilst the visibility is currently good, heavy showers of rain are forecast.
1. As you depart HMS ALBION and make your way into the Needles Channel, you sight
the following buoy ahead of you on your starboard bow: It has a Top Mark of 2 cones pointing towards each other.

To which side of the buoy is it safe to navigate? (NP100/NP735) (1)

What light would you expect it to show at night (include colour and rhythm)?
(NP100/NP735)

Answer 60

Westerly cardinal mark (1)

It is safe to pass to the West of the mark (1)

White (1/2) Q or VQ (9) (1/2)

Question 61

You pass this navigation mark in accordance with the detail in your route card and
continue your passage up the Needles Channel. You sight ahead of you a merchant vessel
passing Hurst Point; the vessel is following the channel outbound.

a. Whereabouts within the channel is she required to navigate according to the
Rules? (R.9(a)) (1)

b. You assess that the other vessel can safely navigate only within the narrow
channel or fairway. What should we, as a vessel of less than 20m in length, avoid
doing? (R.9(b)) (1)

Answer 61

As near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side
as is safe and practicable (1)

We should not impede her passage (1)

Question 62

As you pass the other vessel you notice that someone is on deck frantically hauling
up the shapes shown below: 2 Black balls in a line.

c. What special condition do these shapes indicate? (R.27(a)(ii)) (1)

d. In accordance with Rule 18 (Responsibilities Between Vessels), what must we
now do? (R.18(a)) (1)

Answer 62

That the other vessel is now not under command (1)

We must keep out of her way (1)

Question 63

You safely clear the outbound merchant vessel and, having passed Hurst Point, you
continue your passage up the Western Solent. You notice on your starboard side a yacht
with sails hoisted as shown below:
Sailing boat ahead heading Infront of us at our Green 45

a. Within the meaning of the Rules, what is a sailing vessel? (R.3(c)) (1)

As you get closer to the yacht you notice the following shape in her rigging: black cone apex down b. What does this signify? (R.25(e)) (1)

c. She is now 45 degrees on your starboard bow at a range of 800 yards; you
assess that risk of collision exists. What situation is developing? (R.15) (1)

d. What actions do you take and what should, if the circumstances of the case
admit, be avoided? (R.15/R.34) (3)

Answer 63

The term sailing vessel means any vessel under sail provided that propelling
machinery, if fitted, is not being used (1).

That she is operating propelling machinery (1) and she is now a PDV within the
meaning of the rules.

A crossing situation (1) between 2 power driven vessels.

I should keep out her way (1) either by making a bold alteration of course to
starboard to pass astern of her or by reducing speed / stopping to allow her to pass
ahead. I should make a sound signal if appropriate (1) e.g. one short blast if altering
to starboard. I should, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead
of her (1).

Question 64

You take the action required and safely pass the yacht resuming your passage
towards Cowes. On approaching Egypt Point you sight a Red Falcon passenger ferry on
your port bow at a range of 1.5nm. You assess that risk of collision exists between your
vessel and the ferry.

a. Given that risk of collision exists, what situation is developing and who is the
give way vessel? (R.15) (1)

b. What action do you take? (R.17(a)(i)) (1)

c. You take the necessary action but don’t understand the actions/intentions of
the ferry and are in doubt as to whether the ferry is acting in accordance with the
Rules. What sound signal should you make and is it optional or mandatory to make
the signal at this stage? (R.34(d)) (2)

d. When may you take action to avoid collision in this circumstance? (R17(a)(ii)) (1)

e. When do the rules state that a stand-on vessel shall take action to avoid
collision? (R.17(c)) (1)

If you decide to take action to avoid collision in this instance what shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, be avoided? (R.17(d))

Answer 64

A crossing situation (1/2) is developing and the passenger ferry is the give way
vessel (1/2).

Keep my course and speed (1) but continue to monitor her closely.

At least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. (1)
It is mandatory (1) since Rule 34(d) states that ‘when vessels in sight of one another
are approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the
actions or intentions of the other vessel, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is
being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall immediately
indicate such doubt by giving at least 5 short and rapid blasts on the whistle’.

As soon as it becomes apparent to me that the vessel required to keep out of the way
is not taking appropriate action in compliance with the Rules. (1)

When, from any cause, a vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself
so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give way vessel alone.
(1)

An alteration of course to port. (1)

Question 65

5. On clearing Cowes you sight a small vessel engaged in fishing (trawling).
   a. What shapes would you expect her to show by day? (R.26(b)(i)) (1)

Answer 65

Two cones, apexes together in a vertical line one above the other (1) or diagram
shown:

Question 66

In accordance with Rule 18 (Responsibilities Between Vessels), except where
Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require, which types of vessel are required to keep out
of the way of a vessel engaged in fishing? (R.18 (a)(b))

Answer 66

Power driven vessels (1) and sailing vessels (1)

(sea plane /WIG ?)

Question 67

You pass south of the fishing vessel and remain to the south of Ryde Middle. Looking ahead you can see a very large merchant vessel inbound displaying the following shape in her rigging: What does this shape signify? (R.28) (1) A Black Can

What should we, as a vessel of less than 20m in length, avoid doing with
respect to this vessel? (R.18(d)(i)) (1)

If risk of collision existed with this merchant vessel and we were the stand on
vessel, would we still be required to take action to avoid impeding her safe passage?
(R.8(f)(ii))

Answer 67

That she is a vessel constrained by her draught (1).

We should, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding her safe passage
(1).

Yes – we are still obliged to avoid impeding her safe passage (1), Rule 8(f)(ii) states that ‘a vessel required not to impede the safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the actions which may be required by the rules of this part’.

Question 68

Continuing your passage to Portsmouth, you notice ahead of you a small power
driven vessel / pleasure craft which you are overhauling:

When is a vessel deemed to be overtaking in accordance with the Rules and
how could you recognise that such a situation was developing at night?
(R.13(b)) (2)

You determine that you are overtaking the other vessel and that risk of
collision continues to exist. What action is required of you in accordance with Rule
13? (R.13(a))

At what point is the overtaking vessel relieved of her obligation to keep out of
the way of the vessel being overtaken? (R.13(d))

With plenty of searoom available, you decide that you will alter just your
course to avoid the close quarters situation that is developing. The rules permit this
providing that the course alteration meets 3 requirements – what are they?
(R8(c))

Answer 68

A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from
a direction more than 22.5 ̊ abaft her beam (1) that is, in such a position with
reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only
the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights (1).

I am required to keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken (1)

Only when she is finally past and clear (1) of the vessel she is overtaking.

The course alteration must be made in good time (1), it is substansial (1) and it does
not result in another close quarters situation (1).

Question 69

You safely pass this vessel and continue your passage. The shipping situation is
busy with a high volume of fishing vessels, yachts and other pleasure craft. Other than
traffic density, name 2 other factors that should be taken into account by all vessels when
determining safe speed. (R.6(a))

Answer 69

Any 2 from the following (1 mark each):
The state of visibility.
The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and
turning ability in the prevailing conditions.
At night, the presence of any background lights such as from shorelights or from
backscatter of her own lights.
The state of wind, sea current and the proximity of any navigational hazards.
The draught of the vessel in relation to the available depth of water.

Question 70

As you pass to the North of Ryde Pier it starts to rain heavily as one of the forecast showers passes through. Visibility reduces to around 0.5nm.
a. When does Rule 19 (Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility) apply?
(R19(a)) (2)

You turn on your navigation lights, post a lookout forward, review safe speed and focus on the radar. Given that you’re now navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility, what sound signals do you make and at what interval?
(R.34(a)) (1)

c. What lights should you now be displaying? (Arcs of visibility not required).
(R.23a) (3)

Answer 70

To vessels not in sight of one another (1) when navigating in or near an area of
restricted visibility (1)

One prolonged blast (1/2) at intervals of not more than 2 minutes (1/2)

Masthead light (1), sidelights (1) and sternlight (1).

Question 71

You detect a vessel by radar alone and determine that risk of collision exists.
You decide to take avoiding action in ample time by altering course. What
manoeuvre should, so far as possible, be avoided if:
(i) The vessel is forward of your beam (but you’re not overtaking her)?
(R.19(d)) (1)

(ii) The vessel is on your beam or abaft your beam? (R.19(d)) (1)

Answer 71

An alteration of course to port (1)

An alteration of course towards the vessel (1)#

Question 72

On clearing this vessel the visibility improves to in excess of 8nm. You pick up the
Swashway transit and make your way up harbour. As you approach 2 Basin to conduct the
transfer you realise that any vessels departing the basin will be obscured due to the narrow
entrance. What sound signal do you make prior to making your approach and how should
you navigate on entering the basin? (R.9(f)/R.34(e))

Answer 72

I should navigate with particular alertness and caution (1) and I should sound 1 prolonged
blast (1).

Question 73

12. You safely enter 2 Basin and secure your vessel alongside. Having made your
    vessel fast to the shore you are no longer deemed to be underway within the meaning of the
    rules. Other than a vessel made fast to the shore, on what 2 occasions would you no longer
    be considered to be underway within the meaning of the rules? (R.3(i)) (1)

Answer 73

When at anchor (1/2) or aground (1/2).

Question 74

The shower passes through and visibility starts to improve; you now assess it to be
around 2-3 nm but it’s still quite gloomy. You leave your navigation lights on but cease
sound signals. Through the gloom, you sight the following navigation lights directly ahead
of you: White over red and both side lights

a. What type of vessel is this? (R.29)

b. Assuming that risk of collision exists, what situation is developing?
(R.14(b))

c. What action do you take? (R.14(a)/R.34(a)) (2)

Answer 74

It is a vessel engaged on pilotage duties (1)

It is a head on situation (1)

I would alter my course to starboard (1) and sound 1 short blast (1).