LAWS ON NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION Flashcards
Indigenous peoplesemployed techniques like shifting cultivation (or kaingin) that was practiced in harmony with the land. They had systems in place for forest conservation, ensuring the sustainable harvesting of plants and wildlife and the protection of sacred forests and watersheds.
traditional knowledge
Many indigenous Filipinos revered
certain trees, animals, and natural features, with spiritual beliefs that shaped their resource use.
cultural beliefs
The Spanish imposed centralized land ownership through the encomienda system, granting large tracts of land to Spanish settlers and missionaries. This system
disrupted indigenous resource management and led to the overexploitation of natural resources, particularly forests, which were cleared for agriculture, mining, and other commercial uses.
Spanish Colonial Period (1565–1898)
The American colonization of the Philippines introduced more modern and scientific approaches to forest and resource management.
American Colonial Period (1898–1946)
when was Bureau of Forestry was created?
1901
first national park in Philippines
Mt. Apo
In 1905, the American government
designated the first forest reserves in the
Philippines, including the establishment of the first national park, Mount Apo, which would later become a conservation area.
forest reserves
After the Philippines gained independence from the United States in 1946, the focus on natural resource conservation continued to evolve. However, this period was marked by economic development that often prioritized resource exploitation over conservation.
Post-Independence Era (1946–1970s)
allowed for the establishment of forest reserves and restricted logging in specific areas.
The Forest Law of 1916 (Republic Act No. 387)
paved the way for the creation of national parks and protected areas.
The National Parks Law of 1932 (Republic Act No. 483)
During the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos, the government created the ________________ to oversee the management of forests, mineral resources, and environmental protection.
Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)
The Marcos administration created
the ______________________ in 1978 to assess the environmental impact of major projects and establish guidelines for sustainable development.
Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System
This law aims to establish a national
system of protected areas that is managed for the conservation of biological diversity and natural resources. It protects specific ecosystems, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and marine reserves.
Republic Act No. 7586 – National Integrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992
This law focuses on the management of
solid waste in the Philippines, promoting waste reduction, recycling, and proper disposal practices to protect the environment.
Republic Act No. 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
This law seeks to conserve the Philippines’ wildlife and their habitats, especially endangered species.
Republic Act No. 9147 – Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection Act of 2001
This law aims to improve air quality by
reducing air pollution from various sources, such as industries, vehicles, and agricultural activities.
Republic Act No. 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
This law amends the original Fisheries
Code of 1998 to promote sustainable fisheries
management and protect marine resources.
It addresses illegal, unreported, and
unregulated (IUU) fishing, establishes marine
protected areas, and sets regulations for fishing practices and the use of fishing gear.
Republic Act No. 10654 – Amendments to the
Fisheries Code of 1998
This law integrates environmental
conservation into disaster risk management by reducing the impact of natural disasters, which are often exacerbated by environmental degradation.
Republic Act No. 10121 – Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
This law regulates the use, conservation,
and management of the country’s fisheries and aquatic resources.
Republic Act No. 8550 – The Fisheries Code of
the Philippines (1998)
This law recognizes the rights of
indigenous peoples (IPs) over their ancestral lands and natural resources, which often include forests, rivers, and other vital ecosystems.
Republic Act No. 8371 – Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997
This law promotes energy efficiency and
conservation to reduce energy consumption and minimize the environmental impact of energy use.
Republic Act No. 11285 – Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act
This law promotes the practice of organic
farming, which is an environmentally-friendly method of agriculture that conserves soil health, reduces chemical usage, and preserves biodiversity.
Republic Act No. 10068 – Organic Agriculture
Act of 2010
This law enhances the role of the
Philippine Coast Guard in protecting the country’s marine resources and environment.
Republic Act No. 10635 – Philippine Coast
Guard Law
This law promotes the responsible use of
land and the sustainable management of land
resources in the country.
Republic Act No. 11900 – National Land Use Act
