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Science 8th Grade > Laws of Motion > Flashcards

Laws of Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Law of Inertia

A

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

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2
Q

What is a resistence to change

A

Inertia

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3
Q

What determines how much inertia an object has

A

The mass of an object

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4
Q

What 3 things does Newton’s 1st Law of Motion say

A
  • an object that is not moving, or is at rest, will stay at rest
  • an object that is moving, or in motion, will keep moving with the same velocity
  • unless an unbalanced force acts on the object
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5
Q

What is the Law of Acceleration

A

Newton’s 2nd law of motion

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6
Q

What is the equation for Newton’s 2nd Law

A

Force = mass * acceleration

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7
Q

When an unbalanced force is applied to a mass, it causes it to ________?

A

Accelerate

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8
Q

The smaller the force applied to a mass, the _______ the acceleration

A

smaller

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9
Q

The greater the force applied to a mass, the _______ the acceleration

A

greater

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10
Q

If the same force is applied to an object:
- a large mass will have a _____ acceleration
- a small mass will have a _____ acceleration

A
  • small acceleration
  • large acceleration
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11
Q

What is the Law of Action and Reaction

A

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

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12
Q

Every time there is an action force, there is also a reaction force that is equal in ______, and acts in ______ direction

A
  • size
  • opposite
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13
Q

Newton’s 3rd law states that forces must always occur in _______

A

pairs

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14
Q

An object at _______ stays at ______ & an object in _____ keeps moving with the same _____ unless an _____ force acts on it

A
  • Rest
  • Rest
  • Motion
  • Speed
  • Unbalanced
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15
Q

The amount of _____ needed to make an object change its _______ depends on the _____ of the object

A
  • Force
  • Direction
  • Mass
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16
Q

When one object exerts a _____ on a second object, the second object exerts an _____ and ______ force back on the first object.

A
  • Force
  • Equal
  • opposite
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17
Q

Friction is a _____ what moves in the opposite direction to movement

A
  • Force
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18
Q

What force moves in the opposite direction to movement

A

Friction

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19
Q

Friction requires at least ___ objects to be in _____

A
  • Two
  • Contact
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20
Q

True/False – Friction does not require two objects to be in contact

A

FALSE

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21
Q

Friction is affected by the type of ____ and how much _____ is used to _____ or ____ the object

A
  • Surface
  • Force
  • Push
  • Pull
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22
Q

_______ is a measure of how much input energy is lost as ______ during output. Example - light bulbs produce heat

A
  • Efficiency
  • Heat
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23
Q

Some force is ALWAYS lost due to ______.

A
  • Friction
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24
Q

Some _____ is ALWAYS lost due to friction.

A
  • Force
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25
Q

Because of friction no machine is 100% ______

A

Efficient

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26
Q

Because of _____ no machine is 100% efficient

A

friction

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27
Q

What is the ratio for mechanical efficiency?

A

Output Work / Input Work * 100%

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28
Q

Force is measured in ______

A

Newtons

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29
Q

Mass is measured in _____

A

Grams

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30
Q

Acceleration is measured in _____

A

Meter per Second (m/s)

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31
Q

Motion is an object’s change in _____ over time when compared to a reference point.

A

Position

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32
Q

Motion is an object’s change in position over time when compared to a _____ point.

A

Reference

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33
Q

An object has motion becuase a ____ (a push or pull) is acting upon it

A

Force

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34
Q

______ is the rate at which an object moves

A

Speed

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35
Q

Speed is the rate at which an object ______

A

Moves

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36
Q

Speed does not have ______

A

Direction

37
Q

Speed remains constant when you move the same distance over the same amount of _____

A

Time

38
Q

Speed remains _____ when you move the same distance over the same amount of Time

A

Constant

39
Q

Speed changes whenever you go _____ or _____

A

Faster or slower

40
Q

What is the formula for speed?

A

distance / time

41
Q

What are common units for speed?

A

m/s. km/hr

42
Q

What is the definition of velocity?

A

speed of an object and the direction it is moving

43
Q

_____ occurs any time an object moves with direction

A

Velocity

44
Q

Velocity changes any time you ______ up, slow down or change ______

A
  • Speed
    -Direction
45
Q

______ changes any time you speed up, slow down or change dirction

A

Velocity

46
Q

What is the formula for velocity?

A

(change in position) / (change in time)
position can be direction and/or distance

47
Q

What are common units for velocity?

A

km/hr. m/s

48
Q

What is the definition for acceleration?

A

The rate at which velocity changes

49
Q

Acceleration occurs during a ______ in velocity through speeding up, slowing down or changing direction

A

Change

50
Q

When you move in a _____ you are constantly accelerating.

A

Circle

51
Q

What is the formula for acceleration?

A

(final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken
a = (vf - vi) / t

52
Q

In _______, the word ______ has a different meaning that you may be familiar with.

A

Science

Work

53
Q

Formula for work:

A

Force * distance

W= F * D

54
Q

Unit for force

A

Newtons (N)

55
Q

Unit for distance

A

Meters (M)

56
Q

Unit for work

A

Newton meters

57
Q

One newton•meter is _____ to one joule

A

Equal

58
Q

Formula for power

A

Power = work/time

59
Q

Unit for power

A

Watts (W)

60
Q

Power is the _____ at which ____ is done

A

Rate

Work

61
Q

What is the formula for mechanical advantage?

A

Mechanical Advantage = Resistance Force / Effort Force

62
Q

What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of a Lever?

A

Mechanical Advantage = length of effort arm / length of resistance arm

63
Q

What is the formula for mechanical advantage of a pulley?

A

Count the number of rope segments which exert an upward force on the object being moved

64
Q

What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?

A

Mechanical Advantage = radius of wheel / radius of axle

65
Q

What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of an inclined plan (includes wedge and screw)?

A

Mechanical Advantage = length of slope / height of slope

66
Q

On an axis of motion graph

Time is always plotted on the _____

A

X-axis

67
Q

On an axis of motion graphic

Distance is always plotted on the ——-

A

Y-axis

68
Q

On a no movement graph

If an object is not moving, it is represented by a _____ line

A

Horizontal

69
Q

On a no movement graph

If time is increasing, but the distance does not change…the object is at _____

A

Rest

70
Q

On a constant speed graph

If an object is moving at a constant speed, we see a _____ line

A

Diagonal

71
Q

On a constant speed graph

If the line moves upward, the object is moving at a constant speed _____ from the starting position

A

Away

72
Q

On a constant speed graph

If the line moves downward, the object is moving at a constant speed _____ the starting position

A

Toward

73
Q

On a line of steepness graph

The steepness of the line indicates the rate of ____

A

Speed

74
Q

On a line steepness graph

The _____ the line, the _____ the speed

A

Steeper

Faster

75
Q

Calculate speed by finding a single point on the graph

Take the ____ and divide it by the _____

A

Distance

Speed

76
Q

In the equation for calculating speed

The normal units for distance, speed and time are?

A

M, km

M/s, km/hr

Sec, min, hr

77
Q

In the equation for calculating force

The regular units for force, mass and acceleration are?

A

Newton (N)

Kg

M/s/s or m/s^2

78
Q

In the equation for calculating work

The standard units for work, force and distance are?

A

Joules (J)

Newtons (N)

Meters (m)

79
Q

In the equation. For calculating power

The standard units for work, power and time are?

A

Joules (J)

Watts (W)

Seconds (s)

80
Q

The number of times a simple machine multiplies the effort force is called it’s _____

A

Mechanical advantage

81
Q

Efficiency is impacted by how much ____ is lost during the output of a machine?

A

Heat (Energy)

82
Q

The mechanical advantage of a machine is the number of times a machine increases the _____ applied by the machine

A

Output force

83
Q

What is inertia?

A

Resistance to change

84
Q

In order to increase the acceleration of an object, you must also increase the _____ you apply to the object

A

Force

85
Q

The _____ an object has, the more force you must apply to move an object a certain distance at a certain acceleration

A

Mass

86
Q

What additional piece of information do you need to know to calculate an object’s velocity?

A

Direction

87
Q

What 3 things can occur for something to be considered acceleration?

A
  • speeding up
  • slowing down
  • changing direction
88
Q

In order for something to be considered scientifically work, the applied force on an object and the direction of the objects movement must be in the same _____?

A

Direction

89
Q

Power is the _____ at which work is done

A

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Science 8th Grade (4 decks)

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