Laws of Motion Flashcards
What is the Law of Inertia
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
What is a resistence to change
Inertia
What determines how much inertia an object has
The mass of an object
What 3 things does Newton’s 1st Law of Motion say
- an object that is not moving, or is at rest, will stay at rest
- an object that is moving, or in motion, will keep moving with the same velocity
- unless an unbalanced force acts on the object
What is the Law of Acceleration
Newton’s 2nd law of motion
What is the equation for Newton’s 2nd Law
Force = mass * acceleration
When an unbalanced force is applied to a mass, it causes it to ________?
Accelerate
The smaller the force applied to a mass, the _______ the acceleration
smaller
The greater the force applied to a mass, the _______ the acceleration
greater
If the same force is applied to an object:
- a large mass will have a _____ acceleration
- a small mass will have a _____ acceleration
- small acceleration
- large acceleration
What is the Law of Action and Reaction
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
Every time there is an action force, there is also a reaction force that is equal in ______, and acts in ______ direction
- size
- opposite
Newton’s 3rd law states that forces must always occur in _______
pairs
An object at _______ stays at ______ & an object in _____ keeps moving with the same _____ unless an _____ force acts on it
- Rest
- Rest
- Motion
- Speed
- Unbalanced
The amount of _____ needed to make an object change its _______ depends on the _____ of the object
- Force
- Direction
- Mass
When one object exerts a _____ on a second object, the second object exerts an _____ and ______ force back on the first object.
- Force
- Equal
- opposite
Friction is a _____ what moves in the opposite direction to movement
- Force
What force moves in the opposite direction to movement
Friction
Friction requires at least ___ objects to be in _____
- Two
- Contact
True/False – Friction does not require two objects to be in contact
FALSE
Friction is affected by the type of ____ and how much _____ is used to _____ or ____ the object
- Surface
- Force
- Push
- Pull
_______ is a measure of how much input energy is lost as ______ during output. Example - light bulbs produce heat
- Efficiency
- Heat
Some force is ALWAYS lost due to ______.
- Friction
Some _____ is ALWAYS lost due to friction.
- Force
Because of friction no machine is 100% ______
Efficient
Because of _____ no machine is 100% efficient
friction
What is the ratio for mechanical efficiency?
Output Work / Input Work * 100%
Force is measured in ______
Newtons
Mass is measured in _____
Grams
Acceleration is measured in _____
Meter per Second (m/s)
Motion is an object’s change in _____ over time when compared to a reference point.
Position
Motion is an object’s change in position over time when compared to a _____ point.
Reference
An object has motion becuase a ____ (a push or pull) is acting upon it
Force
______ is the rate at which an object moves
Speed
Speed is the rate at which an object ______
Moves
Speed does not have ______
Direction
Speed remains constant when you move the same distance over the same amount of _____
Time
Speed remains _____ when you move the same distance over the same amount of Time
Constant
Speed changes whenever you go _____ or _____
Faster or slower
What is the formula for speed?
distance / time
What are common units for speed?
m/s. km/hr
What is the definition of velocity?
speed of an object and the direction it is moving
_____ occurs any time an object moves with direction
Velocity
Velocity changes any time you ______ up, slow down or change ______
- Speed
-Direction
______ changes any time you speed up, slow down or change dirction
Velocity
What is the formula for velocity?
(change in position) / (change in time)
position can be direction and/or distance
What are common units for velocity?
km/hr. m/s
What is the definition for acceleration?
The rate at which velocity changes
Acceleration occurs during a ______ in velocity through speeding up, slowing down or changing direction
Change
When you move in a _____ you are constantly accelerating.
Circle
What is the formula for acceleration?
(final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken
a = (vf - vi) / t
In _______, the word ______ has a different meaning that you may be familiar with.
Science
Work
Formula for work:
Force * distance
W= F * D
Unit for force
Newtons (N)
Unit for distance
Meters (M)
Unit for work
Newton meters
One newton•meter is _____ to one joule
Equal
Formula for power
Power = work/time
Unit for power
Watts (W)
Power is the _____ at which ____ is done
Rate
Work
What is the formula for mechanical advantage?
Mechanical Advantage = Resistance Force / Effort Force
What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of a Lever?
Mechanical Advantage = length of effort arm / length of resistance arm
What is the formula for mechanical advantage of a pulley?
Count the number of rope segments which exert an upward force on the object being moved
What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?
Mechanical Advantage = radius of wheel / radius of axle
What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of an inclined plan (includes wedge and screw)?
Mechanical Advantage = length of slope / height of slope
On an axis of motion graph
Time is always plotted on the _____
X-axis
On an axis of motion graphic
Distance is always plotted on the ——-
Y-axis
On a no movement graph
If an object is not moving, it is represented by a _____ line
Horizontal
On a no movement graph
If time is increasing, but the distance does not change…the object is at _____
Rest
On a constant speed graph
If an object is moving at a constant speed, we see a _____ line
Diagonal
On a constant speed graph
If the line moves upward, the object is moving at a constant speed _____ from the starting position
Away
On a constant speed graph
If the line moves downward, the object is moving at a constant speed _____ the starting position
Toward
On a line of steepness graph
The steepness of the line indicates the rate of ____
Speed
On a line steepness graph
The _____ the line, the _____ the speed
Steeper
Faster
Calculate speed by finding a single point on the graph
Take the ____ and divide it by the _____
Distance
Speed
In the equation for calculating speed
The normal units for distance, speed and time are?
M, km
M/s, km/hr
Sec, min, hr
In the equation for calculating force
The regular units for force, mass and acceleration are?
Newton (N)
Kg
M/s/s or m/s^2
In the equation for calculating work
The standard units for work, force and distance are?
Joules (J)
Newtons (N)
Meters (m)
In the equation. For calculating power
The standard units for work, power and time are?
Joules (J)
Watts (W)
Seconds (s)
The number of times a simple machine multiplies the effort force is called it’s _____
Mechanical advantage
Efficiency is impacted by how much ____ is lost during the output of a machine?
Heat (Energy)
The mechanical advantage of a machine is the number of times a machine increases the _____ applied by the machine
Output force
What is inertia?
Resistance to change
In order to increase the acceleration of an object, you must also increase the _____ you apply to the object
Force
The _____ an object has, the more force you must apply to move an object a certain distance at a certain acceleration
Mass
What additional piece of information do you need to know to calculate an object’s velocity?
Direction
What 3 things can occur for something to be considered acceleration?
- speeding up
- slowing down
- changing direction
In order for something to be considered scientifically work, the applied force on an object and the direction of the objects movement must be in the same _____?
Direction
Power is the _____ at which work is done
Rate
