Intro to Electricity & Magnetism Flashcards
Static Electricity is the _____ on the surface of an object.
Build up of unbalanced charges
______ is potential energy?
Static Electricity
Static electricity is the ____ you feel.
spark
Electric current is the _______ from one place to another.
flow of electrons
Electric current is measured in ______, but is often written as ____ for an ideal conductor.
amperes (amps)
I
Voltage is the ____ that drives the current through the circuit
Pressure
Conductors are material through which electrons ____ flow easily.
Can
Insulators are materials through which electrons ____ flow easily.
Cannot
You use wires for circuits. T/F
True
Electric currents flow in a _____ or _____.
Circle
Circuit
There are ____ types of circuits
2
What are the types of circuits
Series
Parallel
In a series circuit, the components are _____
Connected
In a series circuit, if the circuit is broken, ____ will still work
Nothing
In a parallel circuit, there are _____ to the components
branches
In a parallel circuit, if the circuit is broken at any one branch, only the components in that branch will _____
Turn off.
Most houses and buildings are wired with _____ circuits
Parallel
A fuse is a device that _____ by short-circuiting.
Protects your house.
In a fuse, a metal strip over-heats and melts, causing _____
a break in the flow of electricity
A diode is a device that allows electrical current to flow _____
in 1 direction
Examples of diodes
LEDs, TV remotes, laptop screens, flat screen TVs
A transistor is a semiconductor that is used to _____
Amplify an electrical signal
Examples of where semiconductors are used
Cell phones
Computers
Radios
The force between ____ charged protons and ____ charged electrons is what hold electrons in an atom.
Positively
Negatively
An electric force is based on two things:
- The amount of ____ on an object
- The ____ the charge, the ____ the force
- The ____ between the charges
- The ____ together the charges, the ____ the force.
- charge
- greater, greater
- distance
- closer, greater
Just like ___, electrical charges are attracted to each other
magnets
____ charges are attracted to ___ charges, just like a ____ pole is attracted to a ____ pole of a ____.
- Positive
- Negative
- North
- South
-Magnet
When you rub certain materials together, such as a balloon with a cloth, ____ are transferred between materials.
Electrons
When you rub certain materials together, such as a balloon with a cloth, and electrons are transferred between materials…this gives one material an overall ____ charge, and the other an overall ____ charge.
-Positive
- Negative
Static electricity is the ____ of electrical charges on an object.
Buildup
Electrical charges built up on an object (Static electricity) remain on the object and ____ ____ ____.
Do Not Move
When we have ____ charges, it builds up as static electricity
unbalanced
When we touch an object that has the ____ charge than us, ____ ‘jump’ to that object, leading to the ____ that we feel
- Opposite
- Electrons
- Shock
Electric (static) discharge is the loss of ____ as ____ move off an object.
- Static Electricity
- Charges
____ is a dramatic example of electrical discharge
Lightning
Conductors are materials through which an ____ can flow ____.
- Electric charge
- Easily
Materials through which an electric charge can flow easily are called ____.
Conductors
5 examples of conductors are:
- Steel
- Gold
- Cooper
- Silver
- Sea Water
Metals are ____ conductors because their electrons move ____.
- Good
- Freely
Insulators do ____ allow ____ to flow ____.
- Not
- Electric Charge
- Easily
Materials that do not allow electric charges to flow easily are called ____.
Insulators
In insulators, electrons are held together ____ and do ____ ____.
- Tightly
- Not Transfer
5 examples of insulators are:
- Rubber
- Glass
- Oil
- Diamond
- Dry Wood
Current is the ____ of ____ from one place to another
- Flow
- Electrons
Current is measured in ____
Amperes (amps)
Resistance is the ____ to the flow of an electric current.
Opposition
The ____ the resistance the ____ the electrical current.
- Greater
- Weaker
Good conductors have ___ resistance.
Low
Resistance is measures in ____
Ohms
Resistance is affected by what 4 things:
- Material (aluminum and copper have low resistance)
- Wire Diameter (the thicker the wire the lower the resistance)
- Wire Length (shorter wire has lower resistence)
- Temperature (lower temperature has lower resistence)
The thinner the wire the ____ the resistance.
Higher
The longer the wire the ____ the resistance
Higher
The higher the temperature the ____ the resistance.
Higher
Electromagnets are ____ magnets that can be turned on or off.
Powerful
You can make an electromagnet stronger by:
- putting more loops in the coil
- making a larger core
- increasing the current moving through the wire
A generator is a machine that _____
changes mechanical energy into electric energy
Generators usually use ____ to create currents in coils of wire
magnets
A motor is a device that _____
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Strength of force between two magnets depends on the ____ between them.
distance
Magnetic fields exert a ____ on other magnets and objects made of magnetic materials
force
The ____ the magnetic field lines are, the ____ the magnetic field.
- closer
- stronger
Only a few metals, such as ____, ____ and ____, are attracted to magnets or can be made into permanent magnets
- iron
- cobalt
- nickel
All magnets have a ____ and a ____ pole
- north
- south
What kind of magnets are made by placing a magnetic material in a strong magnetic field, forcing magnetic domains to line up
Permanent
What kind of magnets are made from materials easy to magnetize, but don’t hold magnetism long?
Temporary
Earth behaves as though it has a ____ magnet running through its center
Bar
Earth’s magnetism is related to the _____ of molten material within its core
Circulation
The poles of the imaginery magnet would be located near Earth’s geographic poles.
- ____ in the Northern Hemisphere
- ____ in the Southern Hemisphere
- South
- North
What type of material allows electric charges to flow through?
Conductor
What type of material does not allow electric charges to flow through?
Insulator
Rubber is a ____
Insulator
Most metals are ____
Conductors
What type of material can help reduce heat loss
Insulator
What type of material gets cold or hot very quickly
Conductors
What type of material will help complete a circuit
Conductor
What can conduct electricity, but only in certain conditions?
Semi-conductors
What type of charges attract to each others?
Opposite
Static electricity is formed when ____ are transferred from one object to another
Electrons
What device amplifies an electronic signal?
Transistor
What device allows electricity to flow in only one direction?
Diode
