LAW OF WAR AND CODE OF CONDUCT

Question 1

DESCRIBE CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONS ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

Answer 1

1. COMBATANTS (MARINES FIGHT ONLY ENEMY COMBATANTS)
2. NONCOMBATANTS (CHAPLAINS,CONTRACTORS, WOUNDED AND SICK, MEDICAL PERSONNEL)
3. SPIES
4. TERRORISTS, INSURGENTS, SABOTEURS, PARTISANS
5. DETAINEES AND ENEMY PRISONERS OF WAR
6. PROTECTED PLACES (HOSPITALS, CHURCHES, MOSQUES)

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE 9 RULES OF ROE?

Answer 2

1. MARINES FIGHT ONLY COMBATANTS.
2. MARINES TREAT HUMANELY ALL ENEMY SOLDIERS WHO SURRENDER OR ARE CAPTURED.
3. MARINES DO NOT KILL OR TORTURE DETAINED PERSONEL.
4. MARINES COLLECT AND CARE FOR THE WOUNDED.
5. MARINES DO NOT ATTACK PROTECTED PERSONS OR PLACES.
6. MARINES DESTROY NO MORE THAN THE MISSION REQUIRES
7. MARINES RESPECT PRIVATE .PROPERTY AND POSSESSIONS.
8. MARINES TREAT ALL CIVILIANS HUMANELY.
9. MARINES DO THEIR BEST TO PREVENT LOAC VIOLATIONS AND REPORT VIOLATIONS TO THEIR SUPERIORS.

Question 3

DESCRIBE THE PURPOSE OF THE LAW OF WAR (LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT [LOAC]).

Answer 3

TO PREVENT UNNECESSARY SUFFERING, SAFEGUARD CERTAIN FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS OF THOSE INVOLVED IN A CONFLICT, AND TO ULTIMATELY RESTORE PEACE.

Question 4

DEFINE HOSTILE INTENT.

Answer 4

THE THREAT OF IMMINENT USE OF FORCE.

Question 5

DESCRIBE THE PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW OF WAR.

Answer 5

1. MILITARY NECESSITY (DESTRUCTIVE FORCE MUST BE DIRECTED AT LEGITIMATE MILITARY TARGETS)
2. PROPORTIONALITY (NATURE, DURATION, AND SCOPE OF THE ENGAGEMENT MUST NOT EXCEED THAT REQUIRED TO DECISIVELY COUNTER A PERCIEVED THREAT).
3. AVOID UNCESSARY SUFFERING (IT IS FORBIDDEN FOR MARINES TO USE ARMS, PROJECTILES, OR MATERIAL CALCULATED TO CAUSE UNNECESSARY SUFFERING).
4. DISTINCTION (MARINES MUST DISTINGUISH COMBATANTS FROM NONCOMBATANTS).

Question 6

DESCRIBE PROTECTED PLACES ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

Answer 6

PROTECTED PLACES ARE BUILDING OR STRUCTURES THAT ARE NOT CONSIDERED VALID MILITARY TARGETS. HOWEVER, ONCE ENEMY FORCES UTILIZE THESE STRUCTURES, THEY BECOME VALID MILITARY OBJECTIVES.

Question 7

DESCRIBE STANDING RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (SROE)

Answer 7

1. BASELINE RULES, DEFINITIONS, AND SUPPLEMENTAL MEASURES FOR US FORCES IN ALL MILITARY OPERATIONS.
2. CHANGING MILITARY/POLITICAL POLICIES, THREATS, OR MISSIONS WITHIN AOR MAY REQUIRE MODS TO SROE.
3. MODIFICATION MUST BE REQUESTED BY SUBORDINATE COMMANDERS.

Question 8

DESCRIBE REPERCUSSIONS FOR VIOLATING THE LAW OF LAND WARFARE.

Answer 8

1. CAUSES FRICTION
2. ATTACKS MAY INCREASE
3. UNDERMINES OPERATIONS

Question 9

DEFINE LAW OF LAND.

Answer 9

THE PART OF WAR THAT REGULATES THE CONDUCT OF ARMED HOSTILITIES.

Question 10

DESCRIE THE PURPOSES OF RULES OF ENGAGEMENT.

Answer 10

1. POLITICAL - ROE ENSURES THAT NATIONAL POLICY AND OBJECTIVES ARE REFLECTED IN THE ACTION OF COMMANDERS IN THE FIELD.
2. MILITARY - ROE PROVIDES PARAMETERS WITHIN WHICH THE COMMANDER MUST OPERATE IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH ITS ASSIGNED MISSION.
3. LEGAL - ROE PROVIDES RESTRAINTS ON COMMANDER’S ACTIONS CONSISTENT WITH BOTH DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LAW AND MAY, UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, IMPOSE GREATER RESTRICTIONS ON ACTION THAN THOSE REQUIRED BY THE LAW.

Question 11

DESCRIBE DEFENSIVE ROE.

Answer 11

1. SELF-DEFENSE
2. TYPES: NATIONAL, COLLECTIVE, INDIVIDUAL
3. HOSTILE ACT

Question 12

PREREQUISITES TO THE USE OF FORCE.

Answer 12

1. NECESSITY
2. DE-ESCALATION
3. PROPORTIONALITY

Question 13

DEFINE HOSTILE ACT.

Answer 13

AN ATTACK OR OTHER USE OF FORCE BY ANY CIVILIAN, PARAMILITARY, OR MILITARY FORCE OR TERRORIST(S) (WITH OR WITHOUT NATIONAL DISIGNATION) AGAINST THE US.

Question 14

DEFINE POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION (PID).

Answer 14

REASONABLE CERTAINTY THAT OBJECT OF AN ATTACK IS A LEGITIMATE MILITARY TARGET.

Question 15

DEFINE RULES OF ENGAGEMENT

Answer 15

DIRECTIVES ISSUED BY COMPETENT MILITARY AUTHORITY THAT DELINEATE THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND LIMITATIONS UNDER WHICH UNITED STATES FORCES WILL INITIATE AND/OR CONTINUE COMBAT ENGAGEMENT WITH OTHER FORCES ENCOUNTERED.