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Criminology Unit 4 > Law making, Organisations and Models of the Criminal Justice System > Flashcards

Law making, Organisations and Models of the Criminal Justice System Flashcards

1
Q

Parliament

A

A body of representatives that makes a law for a nation

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2
Q

Government

A

The system or group of people governing an organized community

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3
Q

House of Commons

A

MPs who are voted by the public

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4
Q

House of Lords

A

People thought to be wise. They double check laws to make sure they are fair

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5
Q

Judiciary

A

Systems of courts that adjudicates legal disputes that interprets and applies the law

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6
Q

Green paper

A

The first proposal (draft)

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7
Q

White paper

A

A formal proposal to go through public consultation

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8
Q

What is a select committee?

A

A select number of people who are experts in a field of knowledge to help pass or change a law

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9
Q

Consultation stage

A

Public petition, green and white papers into a bill

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10
Q

First reading

A

Bill is read for the first time in houses

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11
Q

Second reading

A

Bill is debated in houses. Votes are made

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12
Q

Committee stage

A

Changes and/or amendments are made by a select number of MPs

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13
Q

Report stage

A

Bill with changes is reported to the houses and are voted again

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14
Q

Third reading

A

MPs debate in its final form

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15
Q

Royal assent

A

Monarchy signs - act of parliament

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16
Q

Judicial precedent

A

Made by judges in the court. They must make a judgement, and this forms a law

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17
Q

Statutory interpretation

A

Can call on more senior judges to interpret words and phrases within the laws.

18
Q

What are aggravating factors?

A

Factors that go against the offender. Such as lying. More likely to be guilty.

19
Q

What are mitigating factors?

A

Factors that are in favour of the offender. It can shorten the offenders sentence by up to a third

20
Q

What are 3 roles for judges?

A

A fair trial
Provide a summary
Impose an appropriate sentence

21
Q

What are 3 roles for the police?

A

Arrest and detain
Protect public
Patrol area

22
Q

Identify and describe the four different types of sentencing

A

Prison
Community Sentence (service)
Fines
Discharge

23
Q

How do the police deal with minor crimes?

A

A caution or warning
A police fine, called a penalty notice
A community sentence/service

24
Q

What are 4 roles for the CPS?

A

Advise police on cases for possible prosecution
Review cases submitted by police for prosecution
Prepare cases for court
Presents these cases in courts

25
Q

How do courts and judges work with the CPS?

A

To prosecute people in court
Prepares/presents cases for/in court

26
Q

How do the police and the CPS work together?

A

Review cases submitted by the police for prosecution
CPS advise police during the early stages

27
Q

How do the police work with courts and judges?

A

Both protect the public
Courts enforces laws that the police have to follow

28
Q

How does parliament work with the police?

A

Enforces law made by parliament

29
Q

How does parliament and courts and judges work together?

A

Enforces law made by parliament via sentencing

30
Q

How do court and judges work with formal sentencing?

A

Decides the sentence/punishment
Aims to put offenders in prison

31
Q

How does the police work with formal punishment?

A

Police decide on the spot when giving fines
Makes arrests and make suitable punishments

32
Q

What is the Crime control model?

A

Guilty until proven innocent

33
Q

What is the Due process model?

A

Innocent until proven guilty

34
Q

Is Crime control conservative or liberal?

A

Conservative

35
Q

Is Due process conservative or liberal?

A

Liberal

36
Q

What is the most important value of the Crime control model?

A

Control of criminal behaviour

37
Q

What is the most important value of the Due process model?

A

Protect the innocent and convict the guilty

38
Q

What does the crime control model encourage?

A

Plea bargaining

39
Q

What are the strengths of crime control?

A

Condemns individuals for a criminal action
Effective and beneficial to society
Punish people and make a difference to society in reducing crime

40
Q

What is the weakness of crime control?

A

Risks the conviction of innocent people to achieve its goal

41
Q

What are the strengths of due process?

A

Individual is protected under human rights
Limits the coercive powers of the criminal agencies
A fair trial in court

42
Q

What are the weaknesses of due process?

A

Mistakes can happen
Criminal agencies may act corruptly or dishonestly
Less faith in the criminal agencies

Criminology Unit 4 (3 decks)

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