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Criminology Unit 4 > Forms of Social Control, Aims of Punishment, Types of Punishment > Flashcards

Forms of Social Control, Aims of Punishment, Types of Punishment Flashcards

1
Q

What does social control mean?

A

Enforcement of conformity by society by its members by law or social pressure

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2
Q

What are internal forms of social control?

A

Prevents criminal behaviour
Accepts societal norms and values

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3
Q

What are external forms of social control?

A

Influences that persuade or compel a person to conform with rules so that they do not commit a crime

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4
Q

What are the 3 Internal forms of social control?

A

Rational Ideology
Tradition
Internalisation

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5
Q

What are the 3 External forms of social control?

A

Coercion
Fear of punishment
Control theory

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6
Q

Define Rational Ideology

A

People making decisions based on logic and their interests

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7
Q

Define Tradition

A

Norms and values passed down by generations. Stops people committing crime as certain values are inherent

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8
Q

Define Internalisation

A

An individuals acceptance of norms and values

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9
Q

Define Coercion

A

Persuading by forced or threats. Physical or non violent

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10
Q

Define Fear of punishment

A

Worry of committing a crime and going to prison or having to pay a fine because of it

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11
Q

Define Control theory

A

Inner/Outer controls that work against our tendencies to want to deviate or commit a crime

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12
Q

What are social rules?

A

What is right and wrong in society. Can be due to the law or our norms and values

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13
Q

Define Morality

A

Distinction between right and wrong and good and bad behaviour

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14
Q

How is Internalisation achieved in institutions?

A

Schools - teaching students right and wrong, citizenship
Religion - religious teachings of right and wrong behaviour

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15
Q

How is Control theory achieved in institutions?

A

Schools - Working with parents, teaching good behaviour and sanctioning bad behaviour
Religion - Religious teaching to shape behaviour and mould a persons morals and actions

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16
Q

How is Rational ideology achieved in institutions?

A

Schools - Rewards and sanctions to encourage students to make the right choice
Religion - Discussion of rewards/punishments. Heaven and hell

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17
Q

How is Coercion achieved in institutions?

A

Schools - Giving instructions to students. Raising your voice if students misbehave
Religion - Pressure to conform from family/school/parish

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18
Q

How is Fear of punishment achieved in institutions?

A

Schools - Detentions, exclusions, contacting parents
Religion - Sinning, retribution from God

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19
Q

How is Tradition achieved in institutions?

A

Schools - Passing on norms and values. Respect, uniform, charity work
Religion - Christmas, getting married, religious festivals

20
Q

Define Retribution

A

Punish the offender

21
Q

Define Rehabilitation

A

Reform the offender

22
Q

Define Detterence

A

Reducing crime

23
Q

Define Public Protection

A

Safety

24
Q

Define Reparation

A

Giving back to the victim

25
Q

What are discharges?

A

Given at the least serious offences.
Absolute discharge - no punishment because going to court is punishment enough. There is still a criminal record
Conditional discharge - If the offender commits another crime, they get sentenced for both offences.

26
Q

What are fines?

A

Most common type of sentence given. Given for low level crimes. Amount is set by the court after considering the seriousness of the offence and how much money the offender can pay. Fines are given to organisations or companies as well as people.

27
Q

What are community sentences?

A

Combines punishment with activities carried out in the community. Includes 1 or more of 13 requirements on an offender
Offender might have alcohol or drug treatment. This aims to tackle why they committed the crime. They might also have a curfew

28
Q

What are the list of requirements of a community sentence?

A

Unpaid work for up to 300 hours
Mental health/drug/alcohol treatment
Adherence to curfew, offender is at a particular place at certain times

29
Q

What are custodial sentences?

A

Reserved for the most serious offences such as murder

30
Q

What are the different types of custodial sentences?

A

Suspended sentences, Determinate sentences, Extended sentences, Life sentences

31
Q

What are suspended sentences?

A

When an offender does:
Unpaid work
On a curfew
alcohol or drug treatment
Rehabilitation

32
Q

What are determinate prison sentences?

A

The court sets a fixed length for the prison sentence and is the most common type of prison sentence.
For example, If an offender is given a 4 year prison sentence, this is the maximum sentence they can be given but they will not spend the whole time of this in prison

33
Q

What are extended prison sentences?

A

Provide extra safety to the public. Given to an offender 18+

34
Q

When are extended prison sentences given?

A

Offender is guilty of a violent or sexual offence
Court assess the offender as a risk to the public
A sentence of imprisonment for life is not available
Offender has a previous conviction of offence

35
Q

What are life sentences?

A

Offenders are subject to a sentence for the rest of their life.

36
Q

What are the 3 types of life sentences?

A

Mandatory life sentences
Whole life order
Discretionary life sentences

37
Q

What are Ancillary orders?

A

When the judge imposes orders on the offender. Some ancillary orders are aimed at redressing the harm caused by an offender, such as compensation orders. Others aim to prevent future re-offending or repeat victimisation, including criminal behaviour orders and exclusion orders.

38
Q

What are 3 ancillary orders available?

A

Criminal behaviour orders
Restraining orders
Deprivation orders

39
Q

How are the aims of punishment met when a fine is given?

A

Reparation - giving money back
Deterrence - stops offender to do it again
Retribution - most common type of punishment

40
Q

How are the aims of punishment met when a discharge is given?

A

Retribution - Offender has a criminal record
Deterrence - If offender does another crime, they get punished for both offences

41
Q

How are the aims of punishment met when a community sentence is given?

A

Retribution - formal type of punishment for the criminal
Reparation - doing unpaid work for the community
Rehabilitation - better mental health and changed mindset

42
Q

How are the aims of punishment met when a custodial sentence is given?

A

Rehabilitation - offenders have a changed mindset
Deterrence - offender is in jail and can no longer have a life sentence
Public protection - criminal is no longer in the public
Retribution - offender is punished in the most serious way

43
Q

How are the aims of punishment not met when a fine is given?

A

Rehabilitation - no link to change the mindset of the offender
Public protection - no link to protecting the public however it may stop the criminal

44
Q

How are the aims of punishment not met when a discharge is given?

A

Public protection - offender is out in the public
Rehabilitation - offender does not get reformed and thinks the same way
Reparation - Offender gives nothing back

45
Q

How are the aims of punishment not met when a community sentence is given?

A

Public protection - still out in the public, temptation to reoffend. Recidivism

46
Q

How are the aims of punishment not met when a custodial sentence is given?

A

Reparation - offender cant give anything back, the criminal act is too serious

Criminology Unit 4 (3 decks)

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