Law Enforcement Flashcards

1
Q

Define the Kings Peace

A
  • It was the Kings duty to maintain law and order throughout the country - this was effective because the king was very powerful and people felt they were safe.
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2
Q

What was the hue and cry?

A

System of catching criminals that meant everyone had a duty to raise the alarm if they saw a crime taking place.

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3
Q

Why was the hue and cry so effective?

A

Ignoring a hue and cry could lead to fines - everyone was expected to help out and capture suspects

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4
Q

Why were the changes to law enforcement in the Medieval period?

A
  • Normanise England - Trial by Combat
  • Centralisation of King’s power - Coroners and JPs who were selected by the King to deal with situations in ‘unruly’ areas
  • People moved to towns so the sense of community was decreased so law enforcement had to be adapted
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5
Q

In what year did the Pope end all trial by ordeal?

A

1215

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6
Q

What replaced trial by ordeal?

A

Trial by Jury

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7
Q

Define a tithing

A

Group of 10 men who were each responsible for each other’s behaviour

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8
Q

Describe the benefit of the clergy

A

This was where members of the clergy could only be tried in Church courts; which would often be more lenient.

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9
Q

Define trial by ordeal

A

This trial tested whether the accused was innocent or guilty in the eyes of God. Religion had a crucial part to play in medieval lifestyle so God’s decision was seen to be final

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10
Q

Describe trial by hot iron

A

The accused would hold a hot iron and walk for 3m. If after 3 days; the wound had healed they were innocent. If it had not healed; they were guilty.

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11
Q

Describe trial by cold water

A

The accused were be lowered into cold water. If they sank; they would be seen as innocent whereas if they floated it would’ve been as they were being rejected by the water; so they were guilty.

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12
Q

Why were oaths important in the Anglo-Saxon period?

A

Oaths were very effective and are still used today. People feared life after death; they feared God. They wouldn’t dare lying under oath for fear of going to hell.

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13
Q

What were some problems facing law enforcement in the Early Modern period?

A
  • Increased wealth meant more valuable goods
  • Overpopulation meant it was much easier to pass unnoticed
  • Growing number of businesses meant more opportunities for fraud
  • Vagabondage meant there were more thiefs - they were desperate
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14
Q

Describe a Night Watchmen

A
  • Volunteers (men) who would patrol the local area after dark with a lamp and ringing a bell,
    acted as a deterrent
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15
Q

Describe the role of a Town Constable

A

Man appointed by local people to oversee law; stop suspected criminals and turn them in at court

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16
Q

Describe the role of a Thief Taker

A

Essentially a bounty hunter; paid a reward for catching a criminal and delivering them to the law

17
Q

Describe the roles of coroners and justices of peace

A

Coroners would’ve investigated unexpected deaths. JPs had the right to fine and arrest people who disturbed peace

18
Q

What was established in 1748?

A

The Bow Street Runners

19
Q

Who were the Bow Street Runners?

A

A team of thief takers who patrolled the streets of London at night. They also investigated crimes and presented evidence at court - they charged fees.

20
Q

What did the Bow Street Runners introduce to stop highway men?

A

Mounted horse patrols

21
Q

In what year were the Bow Street Runners officially paid by the government?

A

1785

22
Q

What did Robert Peel set up in 1829?

A

The Metropolitan Police Force

23
Q

Describe what a metropolitan policemen looked like

A

They wore long blue coats and strengthened tall hats which protected them from blows to the head whilst also could be used to stand on to look over walls.

24
Q

When was the first the first detective Branch established at Scotland Yard?

A

1842

25
Q

Why did the public not take kindly to detectives?

A

They were seen as spies on the public

26
Q

What did the 1856 Police Act say?

A

It was now compulsory for all towns and counties to set up a professional police force that was centrally controlled

27
Q

When was the first Dog Handling unit introduced?

A

1938

28
Q

What was the Neighbourhood watch?

A

This was where police in schools and police community support officers work within the community on preventing anti-social behaviour

29
Q

How does CCTV and video surveillance prevent crimes?

A

People are less likely to commit a crime if they know they’re being watched

30
Q

When was the 999 emergency dial introduced?

A

1933

31
Q

What advancement was made in the 1920s to the police force?

A

Women were allowed to join

32
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of the Bow Street Runners

A

Effective:
Threat of Mounted patrols acted as a deterrent
Targetted areas of crime
Organised

Not Effective:
Only based in London
Only the Rich could afford the fees
Not enough constables

33
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of the Metropolitan Police in 1828

A

Effective:
Public prescense acted as a deterrent
Very organised - Greater Numbers

Not Effective:
Public concern that they may oppose any opposition to the government

34
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of the Night Watchmen

A

Effective:

Acted a deterrent

Bell acted as a warning to potential criminals

Not Effective:

Wouldn’t keep a weapon, potentially vulnerable

35
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of Thief Takers

A

Effective:

Unofficial law enforcement, criminals are less cautious

Do not have to follow rules

Not Effective:

Open to corruption, some criminals operated as thief takers and informed on rival criminal gangs to make money