LAW Flashcards
Which airspace classifications do we have in use in Denmark?
C, D, E and G
Between which two airspace classifications do VFR go frem recieving ATC to only recieving FIS?
Between airspace classification C and D
What is the altitude of a standard CTR?
1500 FT MSL
What is the altitude of a standard TMA
3500 FT MSL
Who handles FIS above 3500 FT and up to FL 195 (classified as E (Except for EKBI and EKCH)
Area Control Centre
Who handles FIS below 3500 FT classified as G (except inside TMA/CTR)
Copenhagen Information
What is the hight/altitude/Flight level of TMA EKCH
FL 195
Which countries follow the rules of airspace classifications?
Any aircraft entering Danish airspace or the airspace of another ICAO country has to adhere to these rules
What is the FL of TMA EKBI
FL 75
What is the highest FL a VFR flight is allowed to fly?
FL 195
Danish airforce has dispensation for their VFR flights
Name the 5 objectives of the air traffic services
A) Prevent collisions between aircraft
B) Prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvering area and obstructions on that area
C) Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic
D) Provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
E) Notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required.
What is the distance from cloud, and flight visibility minima when flying VMC above 10000 ft AMSL?
1500 m horizontally and 1000 ft vertically
8 km Flight visibility
What is the distance from cloud, and flight visibility minima when flying VMC below 10000 ft AMSL and above 3000 ft AMSL or 1000 ft above terrain, whichever is higher.
1500 m horizontally 1000 ft vertically
Flight visibility 5 km
Under which circumstances can you lower the VMC minima and to What?
When flying special VFR in CTR you can lower the minima to 1500 m visibility (800 m for HEL) and clear of cloud with ground in sight. This is possible if the ATC deems the conditions fitting at the given aerodrome.
When flying VFR in airspace classification F or G you can lower the minima to 1500 m (800 m for HEL) flight visibility, if the aircraft does not excees a speed of 140 kts IAS. And your altitude is between 3000 ft MSL and 1000 ft above highest terrain/strukture
What is the minimum altitude(s) when flying VFR?
1000 ft from highest point within a 2000 ft radius when flying in city areas or over an open assembly of people.
500 ft from highest point in 500 ft radius if not as stated above.
IFR: What is your heading when you’re flying in even FL?
180-359 degree
IFR: What is your heading when you’re flying in odd FL?
360-179 degree
IFR: What is minimum altitude in high terrain?
2000 ft.
IFR: What are pilots required to do when switching from IFR to VFR? @@@
submit FPL
IFR: What is required to be on IFR?
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NAV EQP
ALRS: Who are provided with alerting service?
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- All aircrafts with ATC
- All aircrafts with filed FLP
- Aircrafts believed to be subject to unlawful interference
ALRS: How often shall pilots contact ATC unit with the words “operations normal”, from last point of contact? @@@
20-40 min
ALRS: What is squawk 7500?
Hijacked
ALRS: What is squawk 7600?
Com failure
ALRS: What is squawk 7700?
Emergency
ALRS: Do ALRS need to act everywhere within our FIR (Flight information region)
(Ja også internationalt farevand så længe vi er I vores FIR)
What is the five first freedom of aviation?
- The right to fly over a foreign country without landing
- The right to land in a foreign country without embarking or disembarking passengers.
- The right to fly from your own country to a foreign country
- The right to fly from another country to your own
- The right to fly between two foreign countries on a flight continuing on to your home country
What is the manuevering area?
Taxiways + runway
What is the movement area?
Whole area of movement within the aerodrome
What is the apron?
Movement area before taxiways
What is QFE?
Pressure at ground aerodrome
What is QNH?
Local pressure AMSL
What is ICAO STD pressure?
1013,25 hPa
What is transition lvl?
Overgang ned til højde I ft.
What is transition altitude?
Overgang op mod højde i FL
How do you measure altitude above transition lvl?
FL (flight level)
How do you measure altitude below transition altitude?
ft.
What is minimum separation between TL and TA
1000 ft.
How much of the sky must be covered by clouds before there is cloud cover (Think of the pizza divided into 8)?
5/8 and more
2. What do the 5 abbreviations below mean when talking about cloud cover? SKC = 0/8 FEW = 1-2 / 8 SCT = 3-4 / 8 BKN = 5-7 / 8 OVC = 8/8
SKC - Sky Clear FEW - Few SCT - Scattered BKN - Broken OVC - Over Cast
You are flying VMC and the visibility is 5km. What is the highest you are allowed to fly?
You can fly up to 9,999 ft MSL
@@@@@
What is the difference between the controlled airspace class and the uncontrolled airspace class when flying VMC below 3,000 ft?
a. In the controlled air class, one must have 1,000 ft vertical distance to the clouds, as well as 1,500 m horizontal distance. In the uncontrolled air class there are no distance requirements, but no flying in the clouds and you should be able to see the ground.
When can you set the visibility all the way down to 1,500 m when flying VMC?
As long as the speed does not exceed IAS 140 kts, and it has been authorized by a competent authority@@@
What are the requirements when flying VMC above 10.000 ft. (visibility and distance from clouds)?
Visibility = 8 km
- 500 m horizontally from clouds
- 000 ft. Vertically from clouds
What are the requirements when flying VMC below 10.000 ft. And above 3.000 ft. MSL, or above 1.000 ft. Above terrain, whichever is higher (visibility and distance from clouds)?
Visibility = 5 km
- 500 m horizontally from clouds
- 000 ft. Vertically from clouds
Should a controlled flight have a flight plan?
Yes, a controlled flight requires a clearance, a clearance requires a flight plan.
Do you require a flight plan if you fly VFR and do not exceed the danish border?
No, unless stated.
What should an Abbreviated FPL at least contain (5 points)?
Type Point of entry Point of exit POB (Persons on Board) Fuel
What are the 4 stages of a flight plan?
Filed
Current
Updated
Closed
What is ANS (Air Navigation Service)?
ANS is at the top, and is therefore also the ones who take care of the entire airspace, and makes sure that all the roles are filled, ie we have meteorologists, alarm service, etc.
Name the positions under ANS (Air Navigation Service)
Under ANS is AIS (Air Information Service), which contains Met, CNS (Communication Navigation Service) and SAR (Search & Rescue).
Name the positions under AIS (Air Information Service)
Under AIS is ATS (Air Traffic Services), which includes FIS (Flight Information Service) and ALRS (Alarming Service)
Name the positions under ATS (Air Traffic Service)
a. Under ATS, there is ATC (Air Traffic Controller), which has the sub-catagories; APP (Approach), TWR (Tower) & ACC (Area Center Control)
Name the positions under ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)
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Under ICAO, the EU receives advice from EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency), as well as Eurocontrol, which controls the airspace.
Name the positions under EU
Under the EU is the Folketing, which receives advice from TBST (Trafik- Bygge- og Boligstyrelsen)
Name the positions under folketinget
Under folketinget is the ANSP (Air Navigation Service Provider), which takes care of the entire machinery, ie technologists, metrologists, air traffic controllers, etc.
Name the positions under ANSP (Air Navigation Service Provider)
Under ANSP is L-ATS (Local - Air Traffic Service), which is the instruction for each airport
EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) and TBST (Trafik- Bygge- og Boligstyrelsen) each make their own regulations, what are they called?
EASA makes SERA (Single European Rules of the Air) and TBST makes the BLs, which are the provisions on civil aviation(Bestemmelser).
May ANSP tighten and relax the laws passed by the Folketing?
No, ANSP may only tighten the laws.
