law 1 updated Flashcards
IFATCA
international federation of air traffic controller’s association
CANSO
Civil air navigation services organisation
IATA
International air transport association
WMO
World meteorological organisation
EASA
European aviation safety agency
ECAC
European civil aviation conference
SESAR
Single European sky ATM research
SJU
SESAR joint undertaking
ICAO
international civil aviation organisation
2 agreements of the chicago convention
Transit agreement and international air transport agreement
What is freedom 1/5?
the privilege to overfly w/o landing
What is freedom 2/5?
The privilege to land for non-commercial reasons
What is freedom 3/5?
The privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo taken on in the territory of the registration of the aircraft
What is freedom 4/5?
the privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo bound for the territory of the registration of the aircraft
What is freedom 5/5?
The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of any other contracting state and to put down passengers, mail and cargo coming from any such territory
What is the International air transport agreement?
Signatories to this agreement extend to each other the two freedoms of the transit agreement together with a further three
What is “full cabotage”?
The freedom to carry traffic between two domestic points in a country
What is cabotage?
A state shall the right to refuse permission to the a/c of the contracting state to take on in its territory passengers, mail and cargo carried for remuneration or hire destined for another point within in it’s territory
Define the de facto hub freedom:
The freedom to base aircraft in a foreign country for use on international services, establishing a de facto foreign hub
What are the 3 main bodies of ICAO?
Assembly, council and secretariat
State 3 aims of ICAO
Safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation worldwide
Develop airways, airports and navigation facilities
Promote flight safety
How many technical divisions of the air navigation commission are there?
11
What is the keyword for standard practise?
Necessary
What is the keyword for standard practise?
Desirable
How does decision making work within ICAO?
Ideas or proposals to amend the annexes are discussed in a variety of meetings and at the assembly
Proposals go to the ANC and then recommended to the council where they are rejected or approved
What is the function of Annex 15 (AIS)?
Collect, collate, edit, disseminate and pass information onto interested parties
Aeronautical information products include?
AIP
AIC
Aeronautical charts
NOTAM
Digital data sets
What are the main functions of the INO?
preparation and issue of civil and military NOTAM via AMHS
Receiving/transmitting info from/to other INOs
Dissemination of AIS date to enable the production of PIBs
What is a NOTAM?
Notice to airmen, info of temporary nature and short duration or when significant permanent or temporary changes of long duration are made at short notice
NOTAM coding series A
General, en-route, navigation and communication facilities, UIR airspace restrictions of activities and info concerning major international aerodromes.
NOTAM coding series B
info on FIR airspace restrictions, activities and other international aerodromes where IFR flights are permitted
NOTAM coding series C
Info on VFR only international aerodromes
NOTAM coding series D
Info on national aerodromes
NOTAM coding series E
Info on heliports
NOTAM N
NOTAM R
NOTAM C
new info
replaces previous
cancels previous
Describe PIBS:
edited version on a NOTAM in plain language with info to cover the first leg of the flight. Distributed to airfields by AMHS and duplicated at airfields to allow collection by pilots
What is the AIP?
It transposes with SARPS within annexes into national procedure. Effectively, how the country will do what ICAO mandates or recommends what each country shall or should do
What are the 3 main parts of the AIP?
General
En-route
aerodromes
What is AIRAC?
Aeronautical information regulation and control
What does the integrated aeronautical information package consist of?
AIP & amendment service
AIP supplements
AIC
What does the AIS do?
Collates and publishes information into the AIP on behalf of the sponsor
Where differences from ICAO SARPS be published?
AIP GEN 1.7
What may amendments to the AIP contain?
AIRAC and NON-AIRAC changes
How often are changes to the AIP published?
Every 28 days
14 days for postage
56 days for major changes
AIRAC changes require:
Changes to local systems
verification and correction
validation
redistribution
What is the role of the foreign library section?
Maintains records & AIPs for all foreign state issuing AIPs
DOC 7300
Convention of international civil aviation
DOC 8400
Abbreviations and codes
DOC 7030
Regional supplementary procedures
PANS
procedures for air navigation services
found in DOC 4444
supplementary to the annexes
PANS ATM
complementary SARPS in annex 2 and 11 supplemented by DOC 7030
actual procedures for ATSU to use
What does the PANS ATM include?
safety management
ATS capacity and flow management
Provisions for ATS
Separation methods
emrgencies
DOC 7030
Regional supplementary procedures
-procedures specific to European region
Annexes contain:
international standards
recommended practises
What majority is needed for the council to adopt a procedure?
two thirds
What is hard law?
regulation
EASA soft laws:
AMC GM CS
What is ALTMOC and where can you find info about it?
Alternative means of compliance found in CAP 1721
What are the 3 main levels of regulatory material in EASA?
Hard law - EU 2018/1139
AMC and GM
Certification specifications
Where are EU vs ICAO standards found?
EU reg. 923/2012
ATCO licensing document
EU 2015/340
SERA 923/2012
Single European rules of the air
What are guidance materials?
set of instructions to follow to meet EU regs which are non binding but provides the guidelines to follow hard law
What is DOC 4444?
international “how to” of ATC and complementary to SARPS in annex 2 and 11.
Supplemented by RSPs in DOC 7030
What must be done to get an ALTMOC approved?
demonstrate how you are complying with the law
What is the goal of SERA (EU 923/2012)?
to achieve common Rules of the air for all EU states
What are the notified documents?
NOTAM
AIP
The IAIP contains:
aeronautical info essential to Air navigation such as:
data regarding the organisation
Operations and locations of aerodromes
Airspace
Navigational aids
Amendments and supplements
normally temporary only, changes must be of operational signification and comprehensive text
how often are AIP SUPs issued?
every 28 days
What is included in an AIP SUP issue?
a checklist and index of current AIP SUPs and a period of validity
Aeronautical information Circulars:
White
Pink
Yellow
Green
Mauve
administration
safety
operations/ATS
Maps and charts
UK restriction charts
How often are PIBs updated and how long are they valid for?
every 4 hours and 12 hours validity from time of production
ANS inculde:
ATM
CNS
MET
SAR
AIS
The need for the provision of ATS shall be determined by considering:
Types of aircraft involved
The density of air traffic
Other factors
What are the types of ATS?
air traffic control service
air traffic advisory service
flight information service
alerting service
What are the objectives of ATS?
Collision prevention
Expedite and maintain a safe and orderly flow of air traffic
provide advice and info used for the safe and efficient conduct of flights
alerting service
According to SERA.8001, An ATC service shall be provided to:
All IFR flights in class A, B, C, D, and E airspaces
All VFR flights in airspace classes B, C and D
All special VFR flights
All aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes
What is an air traffic advisory service?
service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, insofar as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans
What is a flight information service?
A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights
SERA.9001
Flight information service shall be provided by the appropriate ATSUs to all aircraft which are likely to be affected by the information and which are:
Provided with an ATC service
or
Otherwise known to the relevant air traffic services
What info is given in a Flight information service?
SIGMET & AIRMET
Volcanic activity
radioactive and toxic chemicals
changes in availability of radio navigation services
change in aerodrome condition
unmanned free balloons
What is an alerting service?
A service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organisations
Where do speed limits apply?
In class C (VFR) and D, E, F, G
Class A airspace
IFR only
Separation between all flights
ATC clearance
Radio communications
Class B airspace
IFR & VFR
separation between all flights
ATC clearance
Radio communications
EXPECTED APPROACH TIME
The time that approach control estimate that
an aircraft will be able to leave the holding
facility, following a delay, to commence
approach for a landing.
EXPECTED APPROACH TIME
Based on landing interval
Expressed as actual times
Revised as often as required until a/c leaves
the holding facility
Passed to aircraft well in advance
Class C airspace
IFR & VFR
Separation between all IFR and IFR/VFR
VFR/VFR- “traffic info” plus avoidance advice on request
VFR speed limit 250knots below 10,000ft
ATC clearance
Radio communication
Class D airspace
Separation between IFR with “traffic info” on VFR & avoidance advice on request
“traffic info” to VFR on IFR & other VFR & avoidance advice on request
All flights- speed limit
IFR & VFR
ATC clearance
Radio communications
Class E airspace
IFR- Separation from other IFR. “traffic info” on participating & non-participating VFR. Traffic avoidance advice if requested if requested
ATC clearance and Radio comms requested
VFR- “traffic info” to participating VFR on relevant IFR flights and participating & non-participating VFR. All flights traffic information, as far as practical. VFR pilots are encouraged to contact ATC and comply with instructions.
All flights subject to speed limit
Class F airspace
Advisory service to participating flights
continuous communication for IFR
speed limit
Class G airspace
IFR & VFR
no clearance required
flight information service available on request
speed limit
All IFR should be able to establish air-ground communication
Aerodrome traffic zone
Airspace of defined dimensions established around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic
Control zones
controlled airspace which has been further notified as a control zone and which extends upwards from the surface. Extends to at least 5nm from centre of aerodrome
Where CTAs found?
On top of CTRs
Terminal control area
A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes
Airway
portion of a control area established as a corridor
ATS route
A specified route designed for channelling the flow of air traffic as necessary for the provision of ATS
CDR
Conditional route
DRA
direct route airspace
TSA
temporary segregated airspace
TRA
Temporary reserved airspace
RMZ
Radio mandatory zone
TMZ
transponder mandatory zone
CDR cat 1
permanently plannable during the times published
CDR cat 2
only plannable in accordance with the conditions in daily airspace utilisation plan
CDR cat 3
A route not plannable but may be used tactically at discretion of ATC
Except for takeoff or landing or with CAA permission, aircraft shall not be flown:
over congested areas, over open air assembly of persons unless possible to glide over in case of emergency
Dropping or spraying & towing-
Shall only be done in accordance with union legislation or national legislation and with clearance from appropriate ATSU
Min VFR heights
over 1000ft above congested area within 600m
over 500ft elsewhere within 500ft
IFR min height
2000ft above highest obstacle in mountains within 8km or 1000ft elsewhere
