Latin & Greek prefixes Flashcards
1
Q
a-
A
not, without. Eg.: abyss - without bottom; achromatic - without color
2
Q
acro-
A
top, height, tip. Eg.: acrobat - “high” walker; acrophobia - fear of heights
3
Q
an-
A
not, without. Eg.: anhydrous - without water
4
Q
aer-
A
air. Eg.: aerate - to let air reach something; aerial - relating to the air
5
Q
aero-
A
air. Eg.: aerospace - the air space
6
Q
agr-
A
farming. Eg.: agrarian - relating to the management of land
7
Q
agri-
A
farming. Eg.: agriculture - management of the land
8
Q
ana-
A
up, back, against. Eg.: analysis - a close examination of something
9
Q
andr
A
man, male. Eg.: misandry - hatred toward men
10
Q
andro-
A
man, male. Eg.: androgynous - being both male and female; android - resembling a human
11
Q
anthro
A
human. Eg.: philanthropy -the love to mankind (through good deeds)
12
Q
anthro-
A
human. Eg.: anthropomorphism - giving human form to non-living things
13
Q
anti-
A
against, opposite of. Eg.: antiseptic - preventing infection; antisocial - against social norms
14
Q
apo-
A
away, off, separate. Eg.: apology - an explicit expression of regret
15
Q
arch
A
chief, most important. Eg.: matriarch - a female who rules a group; monarch - king or queen
16
Q
arch-
A
chief, most important. Eg.: archbishop - highest ranking bishop; archenemy - worst enemy
17
Q
arch-
A
primitive, ancient. Eg.: archaeology - the study of ancient cultures; archaic - belonging to an earlier period
18
Q
aster-
A
space. Eg.: asterisk - a star shaped sign used as a reference tool
19
Q
arthri-
A
joint, jointed. Eg.: arthritis - inflammation of a joint; arthroscope - a tool to see inside
20
Q
astro-
A
star, stars, outer space. Eg.: astronomer - someone who studies the stars; astronaut - someone who travels to the stars
21
Q
auto-
A
self. Eg.: autocrat - a person who governs with absolute power; automatic - moving by itself
22
Q
bar-
A
pressure, weight. Eg.: baric - pertaining to pressure; baryon - heavy elementary particle
23
Q
biblio-
A
book. Eg.: bibliophile - a person who loves books; bibliography - a list of books used as sources
24
Q
bio-
A
life, living, matter. Eg.: biology - science of life; biography - a life story written by another person
25
blast
cell, primitive, immature cell. Eg.: fibroblast - a cell that forms connective tissue
26
blast-
cell, primitive, immature cell. Eg.: blastula - an early stage of embryonic development
27
cardi-
heart. Eg.: cardiac - relating to the heart; cardiologist - heart doctor
28
cata-
completely, intensive, according to. Eg.: cataclysm - a flood or other disaster; catalog - complete listing; catastrophe - disaster
29
caut
to burn. Eg.: holocaust - total devastation, especially by fire
30
caut-
to burn. Eg.: cauterize - to burn with a hot instrument; caustic - capable of burning or eating away
31
centr
center. Eg.: egocentric - self-centered; eccentric - not having a common center
32
centr-
center. Eg.: centrifugal - moving outward from a center
33
cephal
head. Eg.: encephalitis - inflammation of the brain
34
cephal-
head. Eg.: cephalopod - marine mollusks with tentacles growing from their head; cephalic - pertaining to the head
35
chrom
color, pigment. Eg.: achromatic - without color
36
chrom-
color, pigment. Eg.: chromium - a blue-white element; chromatics - the study of color
37
chrono
time. Eg.: synchronize - happening at the same time
38
chrono-
time. Eg.: chronic - lasting for a long time; chronological - arranging events in time order
39
chrys-
gold, yellow. Eg.: chrysanthemum - golden/yellow flowers
40
cosm
universe. Eg.: microcosm - a miniature universe
41
cosm-
universe. Eg.: cosmonaut - a Russian astronaut; cosmos - the universe
42
crani-
skull. Eg.: cranium - skull of vertebrates; cranial - pertaining to the skull; craniology - the study of skull characteristics
43
crypto-
hidden, secret. Eg.: cryptography - science of secret codes; cryptic - of hidden meaning
44
cycl
circle, ring. Eg.: bicycle - a vehicle with two wheels
45
cycl-
circle, ring. Eg.: cycle - a sequence that is repeated; cyclone - a storm with whirling winds
46
dec-
ten. Eg.: decade - 10 years; December - formerly the 10th month of the Roman calendar
47
dem
people. Eg.: spreading among people in a region
48
demo-
people. Eg.: democracy - government of the people; demographic - the study of people
49
dendr
tree. Eg.: philodendron - a climbing plant that grows on trees
50
dendr-
tree. Eg.: dendrochronology - dating events by studying growth in tree rings
51
derm
skin. Eg.: pachyderm - a class of animals with very thick skin
52
derm-
skin. Eg.: dermatologist - a doctor for the skin; dermatitis - inflammation of the skin
53
di-
two, twice. Eg.: dichromatic - displaying two colors; dilemma - a situation that requires a choice between two alternatives
54
dia-
through, between, apart, across. Eg.: diagnosis - understanding a condition by going through a detailed review; dialog - conversation between two people
55
dyn-
power, energy, strength. Eg.: dynamo - generator of energy; dynamite - powerful explosive; dynamic - having great physical energy/power
56
dys-
abnormal, bad. Eg.: dyspepsia - abnormal digestion; dystopia - an imaginary place of misery
57
ego
self. Eg.: alter ego - a higher aspect of oneself
58
ego-
self. Eg.: egoistic - self-centered; egomania - excessive preoccupation with oneself
59
endo-
within, inside. Eg.: endotherm - a creature that can keep its inside temperature fairly constant; endogamy - the custom to marry within one’s clan, tribe, etc.
60
epi-
on, upon, over, among, at, after, to, outside. Eg.: epidemic - the rapid spread of something negative; epilogue - a short speech delivered after a play
61
erg
work. Eg.: energy - the power to accomplish work; energetics - the science that looks at energy and its transformation
62
erg-
work. Eg.: ergonomics - the study of a working environment
63
ethn-
race, people. Eg.: ethnic - pertaining to a defined group of people; ethnocentric - focusing on the ethnicity of people
64
eu-
good, well. Eg.: euphemism - replacing an offensive word with an inoffensive one; euphoria - feeling of well-being
65
gastr-
stomach. Eg.: gastric - pertaining to the stomach; gastritis - inflammation of the stomach
66
gen-
birth, production. Eg.: genealogy - the study of the history of a family; generation - all the people born at approximately the same time
67
geo-
earth, soil, global. Eg.: geography - study of the earth’s surface; geology - study of the structure of the earth
68
ger-
old age. Eg.: geriatrics - medicine pertaining to the elderly; gerontology - the study of aging
69
giga-
a billion. Eg.: gigabyte -unit of computer storage space; gigawatt - a billion watts
70
gon
angle. Eg.: decagon - a polygon with 10 angles; octagon - a geometrical figure with 8 angles
71
gram
letter, written. Eg.: diagram - a simple drawing; telegram - a message sent by telegraph
72
gram-
letter, written. Eg.: grammar - rules of how to write words in sentences
73
graph
writing, recording, written. Eg.: autograph - written by one’s own hand; seismograph - a machine noting strength and duration of earthquakes
74
graph-
writing, recording, written. Eg.: graphology - the study of handwriting
75
gyn-
woman, female. Eg.: gynecology - the science of female reproductive health; gynecoid - resembling a woman
76
hect-
hundred. Eg.: hectoliter - 100 meters; hectare - 100 acres
77
helic-
spiral, circular. Eg.: helicopter - an aircraft with horizontal rotating wings; helix - a spiral form
78
helio-
sun. Eg.: heliograph - apparatus used to send message with help of sunlight;
79
hemi-
half, partial. Eg.: hemicycle - a semicircular structure; hemisphere - one half of the earth
80
hem-
blood. Eg.: hemorrhage - clotting of the blood; hemoglobin - red blood particle
81
hept-
seven. Eg.: heptagon - a shape with 7 angles; heptameter - a line of verse containing 7 metrical feet
82
hetero-
different, other. Eg.: heterogeneous - made up of unrelated parts; heteronyms - words with same spelling but different meanings
83
hex-
six. Eg.: hexagon - shape with 6 angles; hexapod - having 6 legs
84
histo-
tissue. Eg.: histology - study of the microscopic structure of tissues
85
homo-
like, alike, same. Eg.: homogeneous - of the same nature or kind; homonym - something alike
86
hydr-
water, liquid. Eg.: hydrate - to add water to; hydrophobia - intense fear of water; hydraulic - operated by force of a liquid
87
hygr-
moisture, humidity. Eg.: hygrometer - tool used to measure humidity
88
hyper-
too much, over, excessive. Eg.: hyperactive - very restless; hypercritical - too critical; hypertension - above normal pressure
89
hyp-
under. Eg.: hypothermia - abnormally low body temperature
90
iatr
medical care. Eg.: geriatrics - medical care of the elderly; pediatrician - doctor who treats children
91
icon-
image. Eg.: icon - an (often religious) image; iconoclast - someone who destroys religious images and religious beliefs
92
idio-
peculiar, personal, distinct. Eg.: idiomatic - peculiar to a particular language, idiosyncrasy - a physical or mental characteristic
93
kilo-
thousand. Eg.: kilobyte - 1,000 bytes; kilometer - 1,000 meters
94
kine
motion. Eg.: telekinesis - the ability to move object with your mind
95
leuk-
white, colorless. Eg.: leukemia - abnormal increase in white blood cells; leukocyte - a mature white blood cell
96
lex
word, law, reading. Eg.: alexia - loss of the ability to read
97
lex-
word, law, reading. Eg.: lexicology - the study and history of words
98
lip-
fat. Eg.: liposuction - the mechanical removal of fat; lipoid - resembling fat
99
lite
mineral, rock, fossil. Eg.: apatite - a group of common minerals
100
lith
mineral, rock, fossil. Eg.: monolith - a single great stone often in the form of an obelisk or column
101
log
word, doctrine, discourse. Eg.: monologue - a long speech; analogy - similarity, especially between things otherwise dissimilar
102
log-
word, doctrine, discourse. Eg.: logic - correct reasoning
103
macro-
large, great. Eg.: macroevolution - large scale evolution; macroeconomics - study of overall forces of economy
104
mania
madness, insanity, excessive desire. Eg.: maniac - an insane person
105
mania-
madness, insanity, excessive desire. Eg.: bibliomania - a crazy love of books; egomania - a mad love of oneself
106
mega-
great, large, million. Eg.: megalopolis - an area with many, nearby cities; melanoma - malignant, dark tumor of the skin
107
meso-
middle. Eg.: Mesoamerica - Middle America; meson - elementary particle with a mass between an electron and a proton
108
meta-
change, after, beyond, between. Eg.: metaphysics - study of nature and reality; metastasis - the transmission of disease to other parts of the body
109
meter
measure. Eg.: audiometer - an instrument that measures hearing acuteness; chronometer - an instrument that measures time
110
micro-
very small, short, minute. Eg.: microbe - a very small living thing; microscope - a device to see very small things
111
mid-
middle. Eg.: midriff - that area between the chest and the waist; midterm = middle of a term in school
112
mis-
bad, badly, wrong, wrongly, to hate. Eg.: misbehave - to behave badly; misprint - an error in printing
113
mon-
one, single, alone. Eg.: monochromat - having one color; monologue - a speech given by one person
114
morph
form. Eg.: metamorphosis - complete change in form; amorphous - without distinct shape or form
115
necr-
dead, death. Eg.: necrophile - loving death; necrosis - the death of tissue due to disease or injury
116
nephro-
kidney. Eg.: nephritis - inflammation of the kidneys; nephrostomy - surgical incision of the kidney
117
neur-
nerve. Eg.: neuralgia - pain along a nerve; neurologist - doctor specializing in the nerves
118
oct-
eight. Eg.: octagon - a figure with 8 angles; octopus - sea animal with 8 arms
119
od
path, way. Eg.: diode - an electron tube having 2 electrodes, a cathode and an anode
120
od-
path, way. Eg.: odometer - an instrument attached to a vehicle to measure distance
121
op-
eye, visual condition, sight. Eg.: optic - relating to the eyes; optician - a person who fits eyeglasses
122
ortho-
straight. Eg.: orthodontist - a dentist that straightens teeth; orthopedic - doctor who is concerned with proper alignment of bones
123
osteo-
goes beyond, surpasses. Eg.: osteoarthritis - inflammation caused by degeneration of the joints; osteology - the study of bones
124
oxi-, oxy-
sharp. Eg.: oxymoron - combining two ideas that sharply contradict each other; oxidize - corrode a surface
125
pale-
ancient. Eg.: paleontology - study of ancient fossils; Paleolithic - period of the Stone Age
126
pan-
all, any, everyone. Eg.: panacea - a cure for all diseases or problems; panorama - an all-around view; pandemic - affecting all
127
para-
beside, beyond, abnormal. Eg.: parasite - an organism that lives on and off another living being; parallel - alongside and always an equal distance apart
128
pater-, patr-
father. Eg.: paternal - relating to fathers; patriarch - a man who rules a group
129
pent-
five. Eg.: pentagon - having 5 angles and sides; pentagram - a 5-pointed star, especially in magic
130
pept, peps
digestion. Eg.: dyspepsia - abnormal digestion; peptic - aiding digestion
131
peri-
around, enclosing. Eg.: periodontal - pertaining to bone and tissue around a tooth; perimeter - the outer boundary of an area
132
phag
to eat. Eg.: esophagus - muscular tube that carries food to the stomach
133
phil-
love, friend. Eg.: philanthropist - one who loves humanity
134
phon
sound. Eg.: cacophony - loud unpleasant sound; microphone - a device that records and amplifies sound
135
phot-
light. Eg.: photogenic - caused by light; photograph - image made on light-sensitive film
136
phyll
leaf. Eg.: chlorophyll - a group of green pigments found in leaves
137
phyll-
leaf. Eg.: phyllite - a rock that forms sheets, similar to slate
138
phys-
nature, medicine, the body. Eg.: physical - relating to the body; physician - doctor
139
phyt
plant, to grow. Eg.: epiphyte - a plant growing independently on the surface of another; neophyte - a beginner
140
plas
to form, development. Eg.: protoplasm - something that is first made or formed
141
plas-
to form, development. Eg.: plastic - able to be formed
142
pneum-
breathing, lung, air, spirit. Eg.: pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs; pneumatic - using the force of air
143
pod-
foot. Eg.: podiatrist - a doctor of the feet; podium - a small platform to stand upon
144
poli
city. Eg.: metropolis - a large city
145
poli-
city. Eg.: police - people who work for the government in order to enforce laws; politics - actions of a government or political party
146
poly-
many, more than one. Eg.: polychrome - with many colors; polyglot - a person fluent in many languages
147
pro-
before, in front of, for, forward. Eg.: prognosis - a prediction of what will happen; prologue - a passage before the main part
148
prot-
primitive, first, chief. Eg.: prototype - the first of a kind; proton - one of the very basic parts of an atom
149
pseud-
wrong, false. Eg.: pseudonym - a fictitious name; pseudoscience - theories presumed without proof of a scientific nature
150
psych-
mind, mental. Eg.: psyche - the human spirit or soul; psychic - relating to the human mind or someone who has supernatural mental abilities
151
pyr-
fire, heat. Eg.: pyrometer - a thermometer for measuring high temperature; pyrotechnics - the art of making fireworks
152
rhin-
nose. Eg.: rhinoceros - a species of animals with a big horn on the snout; rhinoplasty - surgery of the nose
153
rhod-
red. Eg.: rhododendron - a flower with red/pink flowers
154
rrh
flow, discharge. Eg.: hemorrhage - heavy blood flow
155
scler-
hard. Eg.: multiple sclerosis - disease which causes the tissue of the brain and spinal cord to harden
156
scop
see, examine, observe. Eg.: microscope - a device used to see tiny places; periscope - a seeing instrument on a submarine
157
soph
wise. Eg.: philosopher - a wise person
158
soph-
wise. Eg.: sophisticated - wise about the ways of the world; sophism - a clever but misleading argument
159
sphere
ball. Eg.: biosphere - the whole round surface of the earth; hemisphere - half the earth spherically shaped like a ball
160
sym-, syn-
together, with, same. Eg.: symmetry - similarity in size, form, or arrangement; synergy - the combined effect
161
tax
arrangement. Eg.: syntax - the systematic arrangement of words
162
tax-
arrangement. Eg.: taxonomy - the science of classification
163
techno-
technique, skill. Eg.: technology - the practical application of knowledge
164
tel-
far, distant, complete. Eg.: telescope - a device to view distant objects; telephone - a device to talk with a distant person
165
the-
put. Eg.: theme - a proposition for discussion or argument
166
therm-
heat. Eg.: thermal - relating to heat; thermos - an insulated jar that keeps heat in
167
tri-
three, once in every three, third. Eg.: triangle - a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles; tricycle - a 3-wheel vehicle with pedals
168
xen-
foreign. Eg.: xenophobic - afraid of foreigners; xenophile - attracted to foreigners
169
xer-
dry. Eg.: xerophyte - a plant that grows in a dry climate; xeric - requiring small amounts of moisture
170
xyl-
wood. Eg.: xyloid - resembling wood
171
zo-
animal life. Eg.: zoology - study of animals; zooid - resembling an animal
172
zyg
pair. Eg.: zygomorphic - pertaining to organisms that can be divided into symmetrical halves along one axis only
173
a-
on. Eg.: afire - on fire; ashore - on the shore
174
ab-
from, away, off. Eg.: abduct - carry away from; abnormal - away from normal; aside - on the side
175
a-
to, toward, near. Eg.: accelerate - to increase the speed of; accessible - easily entered, approached, or obtained
176
act
do. Eg.: interaction - communication between two or more things
177
act-
do. Eg.: activity - something that a person does
178
agr-
farming. Eg.: agriculture - management of the land
179
alg
pain. Eg.: neuralgia - pain caused by a nerve; nostalgia - aching for the familiar; analgesic - drug that relieves pain
180
ambi-, amphi
both, on both sides. Eg.: ambiguous - having more than one meaning; ambivalence - conflicting or opposite feelings toward a person or thing
181
ambul-
walk, move. Eg.: ambulance - a vehicle that moves a patient; ambulant - walking or moving around
182
ami-, amo-
love. Eg.: amiable - friendly; amorous - showing romantic love
183
anim
life, spirit. Eg.: equanimity - of balanced spirit
184
anim-
life, spirit. Eg.: animal - a living organism; animate - to make alive
185
ann-
year. Eg.: anniversary - a date observed once a year
186
ante-
before, in front. Eg.: anteroom - a small room before the main room
187
aqu-
water. Eg.: aquarium - a water container for fish; aqueduct - a pipeline for water
188
arbor-
tree. Eg.: arborist - someone working with trees; arbor - a shady area formed by trees
189
art-
skill. Eg.: artifact - object made by a person’s skill; artisan - a person skilled in a craft
190
aud-
hear. Eg.: audible - loud enough to be heard; audience - people who listen to a program
191
avi-
bird. Eg.: aviary - a large enclosure for birds; aviatrix - a female pilot
192
bel
war. Eg.: rebel - person who opposes or fights
193
bell-
war. Eg.: bellicose - warlike; belligerent - hostile
194
bene-
good, well. Eg.: beneficial - producing a good effect; benevolent - showing kindness or goodwill
195
bi
two, twice, once every two. Eg.: biannual - happening every 2 years; bilateral - of or involving 2 sides
196
burs
pouch, purse. Eg.: disburse - to expend especially from a public fund
197
burs-
pouch, purse. Eg.: bursar - an administrative officer in charge of funds
198
calc-
stone. Eg.: calcification - impregnation with calcareous matter
199
cand
glowing, incandescent. Eg.: incandescent - white, glowing, or luminous
200
cand-
glowing, incandescent. Eg.: candid - free from bias; candle - something that gives light
201
capt-
take, hold. Eg.: captivating - taking hold of
202
carn-
flesh, meat. Eg.: carnivorous - flesh eating animal; carnal - pertaining to the body or flesh
203
cede, ceed, cess
go, yield. Eg.: exceed - to go beyond the limits; recede - to go back
204
celer
fast. Eg.: accelerate - to increase the speed of
205
cent-
hundred, hundredth. Eg.: centennial - the 100th anniversary; centimeter - 1/100th of a meter
206
cept, ceive
take, hold. Eg.: intercept - to stop or intercept; perceive - to take notice of something
207
cerebr-
brain. Eg.: cerebral - pertaining to the brain
208
cert
sure. Eg.: ascertain - to find out something with certainty
209
cert-
sure. Eg.: certain - being absolutely sure; certify - to state that something is true
210
cide, cise
cut, kill. Eg.: homicide - murder; incisor - a sharp tooth for cutting food
211
circum-, circle-
around, about. Eg.: circumnavigate - to sail around; circumspect - looking around
212
claim, clam
shout, speak out. Eg.: exclaim - to cry out loudly; proclamation - announce something in public
213
claim-, clam-
shout, speak out. Eg.: clamor - to shout and make noise
214
clar
clear. Eg.: declare - to state something clearly
215
clar-
clear. Eg.: clarification - an explanation; clarify - to make something clear
216
clud, clus
close. Eg.: conclusion - the end or last part; exclusion - shutting out
217
cline
lean. Eg.: recline - to lean back and relax
218
co-
with, together, joint. Eg.: coauthor - writer who collaborates with another author; coeducation - educating males and females together
219
col-
together, jointly. Eg.: collaborate - to work together; collision - smashing together
220
com-
together, common. Eg.: commemorate - to memorize together; commune - living together while owning things in common
221
cogn
know. Eg.: incognito - disguised so no one knows you; recognize - to discover that one knows
222
cogn-
know. Eg.: cognition - process of acquiring knowledge
223
con-
with, jointly. Eg.: concur - to agree with someone; contemporary - of the same time period as others
224
contra-, contro-
against, opposite. Eg.: contradict - to argue against
225
corp-
body. Eg.: corporation - a company recognized by law as a single body; corporal - pertaining to the body
226
dent-, dont-
tooth. Eg.: dental - pertaining to the teeth; dentist - doctor for the teeth
227
di-
apart, away, not, to the opposite. Eg.: digression - departure from the main issue; disappear - to move out of sight
228
dict
speak. Eg.: contradict - to express the opposite of; prediction - a statement foretelling the future
229
dict-
speak. Eg.: dictate - to speak out loud for another person to write own
230
domin
master. Eg.: predominate - to have more power than others
231
domin-
master. Eg.: dominate - to be the master of
232
don
give. Eg.: pardon - to give forgiveness
233
don-
give. Eg.: donation - a contribution or gift; donor - someone who gives
234
duc
lead. Eg.: conduct - to lead musicians; educate - to lead to knowledge
235
du-
two, twice. Eg.: duplicate - make an identical copy; duo - a pair normally thought of as being together
236
dur
enduring. Eg.: able to last
237
dur-
harden, to last, lasting. Eg.: durable - having the quality of lasting
238
e-
out, away. Eg.: eloquent - speaking beautifully; eject - throw out forcefully
239
ego-
self. Eg.: egoistic - self-centered
240
enn, anni
years. Eg.: bicentennial - of or relating to a period of 200 years; perennial - lasting through many years
241
en-, in-
inside, inward. Eg.: envision - to picture in the mind; enclose - lock inside
242
equ-, equi-
equal, equally. Eg.: equidistant - equal distance between 2 points; equation - a statement of equality
243
esth, aesth
feeling, sensation, beauty. Eg.: kinesthesia - the sensation of bodily movement
244
esth-, aesth-
feeling, sensation, beauty. Eg.: esthetician - someone who beautifies; aesthetic - pertaining to a sense of beauty
245
ex-
from, out. Eg.: excavate - do dig out; exhale - to breath out
246
extra-, extro-
outside, beyond. Eg.: extraordinary - beyond ordinary; extrovert - an outgoing person
247
fac, fact
make, do. Eg.: artifact - object made by a person; malefactor - a person who does wrong
248
fac-, fact-
make, do. Eg.: factory - a place where things are made
249
fer
bear, bring, carry. Eg.: confer - to bring honor to someone; transfer - to move to another place
250
fer-
bear, bring, carry. Eg.: ferry - a boat that carries passengers
251
fid
faith. Eg.: confide - place trust in someone
252
fid-
faith. Eg.: fiduciary - a trustee; fidelity - faithfulness
253
flect
bend. Eg.: flexible - easily bending
254
flect-
bend. Eg.: deflect - to bend course because of hitting something; inflection - a bending in the voice’s tone or pitch
255
flor-, flora-, fleur-
flower. Eg.: florist - someone who works with flowers; floral - flowerlike
256
form
shape. Eg.: conformity - correspondence in form; reformatory - intended for reformation
257
form-
shape. Eg.: formation - something that is formed
258
fract-, frag-
break. Eg.: fragile - easy to break; fracture - a break
259
fug
flee, run away, escape. Eg.: refuge - a sheltered place to flee to; refugee - a person seeking protection
260
fug-
flee, run away, escape. Eg.: fugitive- a person who is running away
261
funct
perform, work. Eg.: defunct - no longer working or alive; malfunction - to fail to work correctly
262
funct-
perform, work. Eg.: function - to work normally
263
fus
pour. Eg.: confusion - being flooded with too much information that is hard to make sense of; infuse - to put into
264
fus-
pour. Eg.: fuse - to melt by heating
265
gon
angle. Eg.: decagon - a polygon with 10 angles
266
grad-
to step, to go. Eg.: gradual - step by step
267
gran-
grain. Eg.: granary - a storehouse or repository for grain; granola - a mixture of rolled oats and other ingredients
268
grat-
pleasing. Eg.: gratify - to please someone; grateful - feeling thankful
269
gress
to step, to go. Eg.: digression - departure from the main issue; progress - movement forward or onward
270
hem-
blood. Eg.: hemoglobin - red blood particle
271
hepa-
liver. Eg.: hepatitis - inflammation of the liver; hepatoma - a tumor of the liver
272
herbi-
plant, grass. Eg.: herbicide - any chemical used to kill unwanted plants; herbal - relating to plants
273
homo-
like, alike, same. Eg.: homogeneous - of the same nature or kind
274
hyper-
too much, over, excessive, beyond. Eg.: hyperactive - very restless
275
icon-
image. Eg.: iconology - science of symbols and icons
276
il-, in-
in, into. Eg.: illuminate - to give light to; innovation - a new ideal, method, or device
277
ig-, il-, im-, in-, ir-
not, without. Eg.: illegal - not legal; impossible - not possible; inappropriate - not appropriate
278
imag-
likeness. Eg.: image - a likeness of someone; imagine - to form a picture or likeness in the mind
279
infra-
beneath, below. Eg.: infrastructure - underlying framework of a system; infrared - below the regular light spectrum
280
inter-
between, among, jointly. Eg.: to stop or interrupt the course of
281
intra-, intro-
within, inside. Eg.: intrastate - existing in one state; introvert - shy person who keeps within him/herself
282
ir-
not. Eg.: irredeemable - not redeemable; irrational - not rational
283
ject
throw. Eg.: eject - to throw someone/thing out; interject - to throw a remark into a discussion
284
jud-
law. Eg.: judgment - a decision of a court of law; judicial - having to do with judges or courts of law
285
junct
join. Eg.: conjunction - a word that joins parts of sentences; disjunction - a disconnection
286
junct-
join. Eg.: junction - a place where 2 things join
287
juven
young. Eg.: rejuvenate - to bring back to youthful experience
288
juven-
young. Eg.: juvenile - youthful or childish
289
lab
work. Eg.: collaborate - to work with a person; elaborate - to work out the details
290
lab-
work. Eg.: laborious - requiring a lot of work
291
lact-
milk. Eg.: lactate - to give milk, nurse; lactose - the sugar contained in mild
292
later
side. Eg.: bilateral - of or involving 2 sides; unilateral - affecting one side of something
293
liber-
free. Eg.: liberate - to set free; liberty - freedom
294
lingu
language, tongue. Eg.: multilingual - able to communicate in more than 1 language
295
lingu-
language, tongue. Eg.: linguist - one who studies languages
296
loc
place. Eg.: dislocate - to put something out of its usual place
297
loc-
place. Eg.: location - a place
298
loqu, locu
speak. Eg.: eloquent - speaking beautifully
299
loqu-, locu-
speak. Eg.: loquacious - very talkative
300
luc
light. Eg.: elucidate - to explain, to throw light on; translucent - allowing light to pass through
301
luc-
light. Eg.: easily understood
302
lud, lus
to play. Eg.: prelude - introduction to the major performance; illusion - misleading optical image or impression
303
lumin
light. Eg.: illuminate - to fill with light
304
lumin-
light. Eg.: lumen - unit measuring light
305
lun-
moon. Eg.: lunar - relating to the moon; lunarscape - the surface of the moon
306
magn-
great, large. Eg.: magnify - make larger - magnificent - grand
307
mal-
bad, ill, wrong. Eg.: malcontent - wrong content; malicious- showing strong ill will
308
man-
hand. Eg.: maneuver - to move by hand; manual - done by hand
309
mand
to order. Eg.: command - an order of instruction; demand - a hard-to-ignore order
310
mand-
to order. Eg.: mandate - an official order
311
mar
sea. Eg.: submarine - an undersea boat; aquamarine - color of sea water
312
mar-
sea. Eg.: marina - a harbor for pleasure boats
313
mater-, matr-
mother. Eg.: maternal - relating to motherhood; maternity - the state of being a mother
314
max-
greatest. Eg.: maximal - the best or greatest possible; maximize - the make as great as possible
315
medi-
middle. Eg.: medium - in the middle; mediocre - only of medium quality
316
memor
remember. Eg.: commemorate - to honor the memory of
317
memor-
remember. Eg.: memorial - related remembering a person or event; memory - ability to retain knowledge
318
merge, mers
dip, dive. Eg.: immerge or immerse - to put or dip something into a liquid
319
mid-
middle. Eg.: midterm - middle of a term in school
320
migr
move. Eg.: immigrant - a person who moves to a new country
321
migr-
move. Eg.: migrant - person who moves from place to place
322
milli-
one thousandth. Eg.: Milliliter–one thousandth of a meter
323
min-
small, less. Eg.: mini - something that is very small
324
miss, mit
send, let go. Eg.: dismiss - to send someone away; emit - to send something out
325
miss-, mit-
send, let go. Eg.: missile - a weapon sent into the air
326
mob
move. Eg.: immobilize - to stop from moving
327
mob-
move. Eg.: mobility - the quality of being able to move
328
mot, mov
move. Eg.: promote - to move someone forward
329
mot-, mov-
move. Eg.: motion - the act of moving; motivate - to move someone into action
330
mort
death. Eg.: immortal - living forever
331
mort-
death. Eg.: mortal - certain to die; mortician - an undertaker
332
multi-
many, more than one or two. Eg.: multicolored - having many colors; multitasking - doing many things at once
333
mut
change. Eg.: immutable - not changing
334
mut-
change. Eg.: mutant - an organism that has undergone change
335
my-, myo
muscle. Eg.: myocardium - the middle muscle of the heart
336
narr-
tell. Eg.: narrate - to tell a story; narrator - a person who tells a story
337
nat
born. Eg.: innate - included since birth
338
nat-
born. Eg.: natal - relating to birth; natural - gotten at birth
339
nav
ship. Eg.: circumnavigate - to sail around a place
340
nav-
ship. Eg.: relating to a navy or ships; navigate - to sail a ship throughout a place
341
neg
no. Eg.: renege - to go back on a promise
342
neg-
no. Eg.: negate - to say it didn’t happen; negative - meaning “no”
343
nom
name. Eg.: misnomer - an error in naming a person or thing
344
nom-
name. Eg.: nominal - being something in name only; nominate–to name for election or appointment
345
non-
no, not, without. Eg.: nondescript - with no special characteristics; nonfiction - true, real
346
noun, nunc
declare. Eg.: announce - to declare in public; denounce - to proclaim harsh criticism
347
nov
new. Eg.: innovate - to introduce a new way; renovate - to make something like new again
348
nov-
new. Eg.: novice - someone who is new at something
349
numer
number. Eg.: enumerate - to name a number of items on a list
350
numer-
number. Eg.: numerology - the study of magical uses of numbers; numerous - a large number
351
ob-, op-
in the way, against. Eg.: object - to be against something; obscure - hard to understand; opposition - the act of resistance
352
ocu
eye. Eg.: binoculars - lens device for seeing distances; monocular - relating to the eye
353
ocu-
eye. Eg.: oculist - an eye doctor
354
odor
smell, scent. Eg.: deodorant - a substance that helps prevent body odor; malodorous - having a terribly bad smell
355
odor-
smell, scent. Eg.: odoriferous - something that bears or diffuses a scent
356
omni-
all. Eg.: omnipotent - all powerful; omniscient - knowing all things
357
opt-
best. Eg.: optimal - the best; optimize - to make the best of
358
pater-, patr-
father. Eg.: paternal - relating to fathers
359
ped-
foot, feet. Eg.: pedal - a lever pushed by the feet; pedestrian - a person who walks
360
pel
drive, force. Eg.: compel - to force someone to act; expel - to drive someone out of place
361
per-
through, throughout. Eg.: permanent - lasting throughout all time; permeate - to spread throughout
362
plaud, plod, plaus, plos
approve, clap. Eg.: applaud - to show approval of especially by clapping the hands
363
plaus-
approve, clap. Eg.: plausible - worthy of being applauded
364
pon
place, put. Eg.: opponent - a person who places him/herself against an action, idea, etc., postpone - to put off doing something
365
pop-
people. Eg.: popular - appealing to a lot of people; populist - a supporter of the rights of people
366
port
carry. Eg.: export - to carry goods out of a place to another
367
port-
carry. Eg.: portable - able to be carried; porter - a person who carries luggage
368
pos
place, put. Eg.: deposit - to place or drop something; expose - to place out in the open for all to see
369
pos-
place, put. Eg.: position - the place where someone is
370
post-
after, behind. Eg.: posthumous - after someone’s death; postscript - an addition to an already completed document
371
pre-
earlier, before, in front of. Eg.: preamble - a part in front of a formal document; prepare - to get ready in advance
372
pro-
before, in front of, for, forward. Eg.: prognosis - a prediction of what will happen; prophet - a person who foretells the future
373
pugn, pung
to fight. Eg.: repugnant - distasteful, offensive, or revolting
374
pugn-, pung-
to fight. Eg.: pugnacious - having a quarrelsome or aggressive nature; pungent - piercing
375
purg
clean. Eg.: expurgate - remove objectionable passages from publication
376
purg-
clean. Eg.: purge - remove anything undesirable
377
put
think. Eg.: computer - an electronic thinking device; dispute - to disagree with what another person thinks
378
quad-
four. Eg.: quadrant - open space with buildings on 4 sides; quadruped - a 4-footed animal
379
quart-
fourth. Eg.: quarter - one fourth; quart - one fourth of a gallon
380
quin-
five, fifth. Eg.: quintet - a composition for 5 voices or instruments; quintuple - fivefold
381
radic, radix
root. Eg.: eradicate - pull out at the roots
382
radic-, radix-
root. Eg.: radical - fundamental, looking at things from a drastic point of view
383
ram-
branch. Eg.: ramification - the resulting consequence of a decision; ramus - a branchlike part
384
re-
again, back, backward. Eg.: rebound - to spring back again; rewind - to wind something backward
385
reg-
guide, rule. Eg.: regent - a person who rules on behalf of a king or queen; regime - a government that rules
386
retro-
backward, back. Eg.: retroactive - relating to something in the past; retrospect - the remembering of past events
387
rid
laugh. Eg.: deride - to make fun of someone
388
rid-
laugh. Eg.: ridicule - to make fun of or mock; ridiculous - silly, causing laughter
389
rrh, ea, oca, ag
flow, discharge. Eg.: hemorrhage - heavy blood flow
390
rub
red. Eg.: bilirubin - reddish pigment in bile
391
rub-
red. Eg.: ruby - deep red color and a precious stone; rubella - measles
392
rupt
break, burst. Eg.: bankrupt - unable to pay because you’re “broke”; interrupt - to break into a conversation
393
rupt-
break, burst. Eg.: rupture - a break in something
394
san-
health. Eg.: sane - mentally healthy; sanitary - relating to cleanliness and health
395
scend
climb, go. Eg.: ascend - to climb upward; crescendo - a climbing up of volume
396
sci
know. Eg.: conscience - sense of knowing right from wrong; conscious - knowing what is happening
397
scrib, script
write, written. Eg.: inscribe - to write letters or words on a surface; describe - to represent with words or pictures
398
scrib-, script-
write, written. Eg.: scribe - a person who writes out documents
399
se-
apart. Eg.: secede - to formally break away from; seclude - to keep away from
400
sect
cut. Eg.: dissect - to cut apart piece by piece; intersection - the place where two things cross each other
401
sed, sid, sess
sit. Eg.: reside - be stationed; sediment - the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
402
sess-
sit. Eg.: session - an actual or constructive sitting of a body
403
semi-
half, partial. Eg.: semiannual - every half year; semicircle - half a circle
404
sept-
seven. Eg.: September - used to be the seventh month in the Roman calendar; septet - a group of 7 musicians
405
serv
save, keep. Eg.: conserve - to save or keep something safe; preserve - to save something; reservation - a place kept for a person
406
sex-
six. Eg.: sextet or sextette - a composition or group of 6; sextuple - six-fold
407
sol
sun. Eg.: parasol - umbrella protecting from the sun
408
sol-
sun. Eg.: solar - solitary - done alone; solarium - a room where one is exposed to sunlight
409
somn
sleep. Eg.: insomnia - inability to fall asleep
410
somn-
sleep. Eg.: somniloquy - talking in your sleep; somnolent - feeling sleepy
411
son
sound. Eg.: consonant - a speech sound; unison - as one voice
412
son-
sound. Eg.: sonorous - producing loud, full, rich sounds; supersonic - faster than sound
413
spec
see, look. Eg.: circumspect - cautious, looking all around; retrospective - a looking back on things
414
spec-
see, look. Eg.: spectator - a person who sees an event
415
spir
breathe. Eg.: inspire - to stimulate or animate; perspire - to give of vapor with waste product through the skin
416
spir-
breathe. Eg.: spirit - invisible life force
417
sta-
stand. Eg.: stable - standing steady and firm; stagnant - standing still, not moving
418
stell
star. Eg.: constellation - a group of stars that forms a pattern; interstellar - between the stars
419
stell-
star. Eg.: stellar - relating to stars
420
struct
build. Eg.: construct - to build; destruction - the act of destroying something that was built
421
struct-
build. Eg.: structure - something built
422
sub-
under, lower than, inferior to. Eg.: submarine - an underwater boat; substandard - inferior to accepted standards
423
sum-
highest. Eg.: sum - the combined total of everything; summit - the highest point or top
424
super-
higher in quality or quantity. Eg.: Superbowl - the final annual football game; supersonic - faster than the speed of sound
425
tact, tang
touch. Eg.: contact - a state in which two things touch; intact - with nothing missing
426
tact-, tang-
touch. Eg.: tangible - able to be touched; tactile - relating to the sense of touch
427
temp, tempor
time. Eg.: contemporary - existing at the same time
428
temp-, tempor-
time. Eg.: temporal - relating to time; temporary - lasting for a limited time
429
ten, tin, tent
hold. Eg.: continent - serving to restrain or limit; detention - the act or fact of detaining
430
ten-
hold. Eg.: tenacious - having parts or elements strongly adhering to each other
431
ter, trit
rub. Eg.: attrition - the act of rubbing together or wearing down
432
trit-
rub. Eg.: trite - used or occurring so often as to have lost interest, freshness, or force
433
term, termina
end, limit. Eg.: determine - to find something out at the end of an investigation; exterminate - to destroy or get rid of
434
term-, termina-
end, limit. Eg.: terminate - to end
435
terr-, terra-, terri-
land, earth. Eg.: territory - an area of land; terrain - ground or land
436
tetra-
four. Eg.: tetrapod - having 4 legs; tetrarchy - government by 4 rulers
437
tort
twist. Eg.: contortion - a twisted shape or position; distort - to alter the shape or condition of
438
tox
poison. Eg.: the process of removing poisons
439
tox-
poison. Eg.: toxic - poisonous; toxicology - the study of poisons
440
tract
pull, drag. Eg.: attract - to pull objects nearer; distract - to drag attention away from
441
tract-
pull, drag. Eg.: tractor - a motor vehicle that pulls things
442
trans-
across, beyond, through. Eg.: transcontinental - across the continent; transfer - to move from one place to another
443
tri-
three, once every three, third. Eg.: triangle - a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles; triathlon - an athletic contest with 3 events
444
ultra-
beyond, extreme, more than. Eg.: ultrahigh - extremely high; ultramodern - more modern than anything else
445
un-
not, opposite of, lacking. Eg.: unabridged - not shortened; unfair - opposite of fair
446
uni-
one, single. Eg.: unicycle - a vehicle with 1 wheel; unilateral - decided by only one person or nation
447
urb
city. Eg.: suburb - residential area on the edge of a city
448
urb-
city. Eg.: urban - relating to a city; urbanology - the study of city life
449
vac
empty. Eg.: evacuate - to empty a dangerous place
450
vac-
empty. Eg.: vacant - empty, not occupied; vacation - a time without work
451
ven, vent
come. Eg.: circumvent - to find a way around, get past; connivent - coming into contact
452
ver-
truth. Eg.: veracious - truthful, honest; veracity - the truth
453
verb
word. Eg.: adverb - a word relating to a verb; proverb - a short saying that expresses a well-known truth
454
verb-
word. Eg.: verbalize - to put into words
455
vers, vert
turn. Eg.: reverse - to turn around; introvert - being turned towards the inside
456
vers-, vert-
turn. Eg.: version - a variation of the original
457
vice-
acting in place of. Eg.: vice-president - the person next in rank to the president
458
vince, vic
conquer. Eg.: convince - to win someone over; invincible - not able to be conquered
459
vince-, vic-
conquer. Eg.: victory - the conquest of an enemy
460
vis, vid
see. Eg.: envision - to picture in the mind; evident - clearly visible
461
vis-, vid-
see. Eg.: vision - the ability to see
462
viv, viva, vit
live, life. Eg.: revival - the act of bringing back to life
463
viv-, viva-, vit-
live, life. Eg.: vivacious - high-spirited and full of life; vital - pertaining to life
464
voc, voci
voice, call. Eg.: advocate - to speak in favor of; equivocate - to use misleading language that could be interpreted 2 different ways
465
voc-, voci-
voice, call. Eg.: vocalize - to produce with your voice
466
vol, voli, volu
wish, will. Eg.: benevolent - showing good will and kindness
467
vol-, voli-, volu-
wish, will. Eg.: volition - the act of making a choice or decision; voluntary - resulting from your own free will
468
vor, vour
eat. Eg.: carnivorous - meat - eating; devour - to eat quickly
469
vor-, vour-
eat. Eg.: voracious - desiring or eating food in great quantities
470
xanth-
yellow. Eg.: xanthium - a genus of coarse and rough or spiny herbs; xanthochromia - yellowish discoloration (as of the skin)
