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latin gramma Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

what is the nominative?

A

the nominative case is the subject the person doing the action
caecillius
puella
milites

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2
Q

what is the accusative?

A

The accusative case is used for the object of the sentence (i.e. the person/thing which is having something done to it by the subject of the sentence).
Quintus puellam vidit. Quintus saw the girl.
miles mercatorem conspexit. The soldier caught sight of the merchant.

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3
Q

what is the vocative?

A

The vocative case is used when you are addressing someone. It usually
has the same ending as the nominative.
tace, Quinte! Shut up, Quintus!

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4
Q

what is the genitive?

A

The genitive case in Latin is used for the word ‘OF’.
iuvenis vocem feminae laudavit.
The young man praised the voice of the woman (or the woman’s voice).

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5
Q

what is the dative?

A

The dative case in Latin is used for the words ‘TO’ or ‘FOR’.
Quintus donum Caecilio dat. Quintus gives a gift to Cecilias.
imperator arma militibus emit. The general buys weapons for the soldiers.

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6
Q

what are declensions?

A

Latin nouns are also divided into declensions or groups and the endings which each noun has depends on which declension it belongs to.

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7
Q

how can you work out a declension?

A

You can work out which declension a noun is in by looking at the endings of the nominative singular and genitive singular of a noun in the vocabulary. All nouns are written out in dictionaries and vocabularies giving their nominative singular, genitive singular, gender and meaning.

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8
Q

what do 3rd declension nous often do?

A

Third Declension nouns often change stem in the genitive

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9
Q

what are the different cases of the 1st declension?

A 
singular 
nom paella
 voc paella
 acc puellam 
gen puellae 
dat paella
plur.
nom puellae 
voc puellae
 acc puellas 
gen puellarum 
dat puellis
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10
Q

what are the different cases of the 2nd declension?

A 
singular 
nom servus
 voc serve
 accu servum 
gen servi 
dat   servo
plural 
nom servi 
voc   servi 
acc   servos 
gen   servorum 
dat    servis
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11
Q

what are the different cases of the 3rd declension?

A 
singular 
nom  mercator 
voc    mercator
 acc   mercatorem 
gen    mercatoris 
dat     mercator
plural 
nom  mercatores 
voc    mercatores 
acc    mercatores 
gen   mercatorum 
dat    mercatoribus
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12
Q

what is it important to know about verbs ?

A

The most important thing to know about any verb is its principal parts. A verb has three principal parts + English meaning. This knowledge will help you identify and form all the different tenses and persons of the verb.

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13
Q

what are the 3 parts to a verb?

A

present (active)
infinitive
past (perfect)

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14
Q

what the present active of the verbs? 1st conjunction

A

porto ends in o

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15
Q

whats the infinitive of the verbs? 1st conjunction

A

portare ends in re meaning to do something

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16
Q

whats the perfect past? 1st conjunction

A

portavi ends i

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17
Q

what s the 2nd conjunction of verbs?

A

present - eo
infinitve- ere
perfect- ui

18
Q

whats the 1st conjunction of verbs?

A

present-o
infinitive-are
perfect- avi

19
Q

whats the 3rd conjunction of verbs?

A

present-o(rarely io)
infinitive-ere
perfect- i

20
Q

whats the 4th conjunction of verbs?

A

present-io
infinitive-ire
perfect- ivi/ii

21
Q

what is the third participle?

A

The third principal part is a much less reliable as an indicator of conjugation as there are many irregular forms.

22
Q

what do you need to know to form different part of verbs?

A

the stems
eg
portare  porta
impedire  impediv

23
Q

whats the present tense endings?

A
  • O
  • S
  • T
  • MUS
  • TIS
  • NT
24
Q

whats the imperfect tense endings (was or were ing)?

A
  • BAM
  • BAS
  • BAT
  • BAMUS
  • BATIS
  • BANT
25
Q

Whats the perfect tense endings (ed) ?

A 
I
ISTI
IT
IMUS
ISTIS 
ERUNT
26
Q

Whats the pluperfect endings?

A 
ERAM
ERAS
ERAT
ERAMUS
ERATIS
ERANT
27
Q

What are the person endings?

A 
sum
 es
est 
sumus 
estis 
sunt
28
Q

what are the different endings of the verb to be able?

A 
possum- i am able
 potes 
potest 
possumus 
potestis 
possunt
29
Q

what are the different endings of the verb to want?

A 
volo I want 
vis
vult
volumus 
vultis
volunt
30
Q

what are the different endings of to not want?

A 
nolo I do not want 
non vis
non vult
nolumus
non vultis
nolunt
31
Q

what are adjectives?

A

Adjectives are words which describe nouns. In Latin, they change their endings to agree in number (sg. or pl.), gender (masc./fem./neut.) and case (nom./acc./gen. etc.) with the noun that they go with.

32
Q

what are masculine adjective verb endings?

A 
1st                       2nd 
nom bonus     pulcher
voc Bone        pulcher
acc bonum     pulchrum 
gen boni         pulchri
dat Bono         pulchro
abl Bono         pulchro
pl.
nom boni        pulchri
voc boni          pulchri
acc bonos       pulchros 
gen bonorum  pulchrorum
dat bonis         pulchro
abl bonis         pulchro
33
Q

what are the female adjective verb endings?

A 
sg
1st                   2nd 
nom bona  pulchra
voc bona   pulchra
acc bonam  pulchram
gen bonae  pulchrae
dat bonae    pulchrae
abl  bona      pulchra 
pl 
nom bonae   pulchrae
voc  bonae   pulchrae
acc  bonas    pulchras
gen bonaru pulchrarum 
dat  bonis     pulchris
abl  bonis     pulchris
34
Q

what are the neuter forms of adjectives

A 
sg 
nom bonum   pulchrum
voc  bonum   pulchrum
acc  bonum    pulchrum 
gen  boni       pulchri
dat   bono      pulchro
abl    bono     pulchro
pl
nom bona     pulchra
voc bona       pulchra 
acc bona       pulchra
gen bonorum  pulchrorum 
dat  bonis        pulchris 
abl  bonis       pulchris
35
Q

what are comparatives and superlatives?

A

In Latin, the comparative form of the adjective is used if you want to say ‘more —-’ or ‘—-er’ and the superlative if you want to say ‘most —-’, ‘very —-’ or ‘—-est’. Comparatives and Superlatives are still adjectives and agree in number, gender and case with the noun they go with.

36
Q

what are examples of comparatives and superlatives?

A

latus -wide
latior- wider
latissimus- widest

37
Q

how do you say this in latin?

A 
singular nom 
m-hic
f-haec
n-hoc
singular accusative 
m-hunc
f-hanc
n-hoc
plural nom
m-hi
f-hae
plural acc
m-hos
f-has
38
Q

how do you say that?

A 
sg nom 
m ille
f illa
n illud
sg acc 
m illum
f illam
n illud
pl nom 
m illi
f  illae
pl acc
m illos
f  illas
39
Q

what are imperatives ?

A

order someone to do something

40
Q

what are singular imperative endings?

A

a, e, e, i

41
Q

what are plural imperative endings?

A

ate, ete, ite,

42
Q

what are present participles?

A

portans, docens, trahens

latin gramma (7 decks)

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