Latin America Test Flashcards
Which Latin American country is a major producer of chocolate?
Brazil
Other than Latin America, which continent holds the other top major cocoa PRODUCERS?
Africa
Why is there less cocoa available for consumption?
The supply is lower than the demand.
What is an embargo?
a government order that limits trade in some way
What was the relationship between US and Cuba before the embargo was lifted?
The two countries have different political view points, so they argue and are contrasting. The feud started in the Cold War.
Other than lifting the embargo, how else do the two countries plan to “normalize” relations?
exchange prisoners and open embassies
What were the three major civilizations that developed in Latin America prior to Spanish arrival?
Aztecs, Incans, and Mayans
Who controlled most of Latin America?
Spain
Who had control of Brazil?
Portugal
Christopher Columbus
discovers the Americas/New World
Hernan Cortes
Conquers Aztec empire
Francisco Pizarro
Conquers Incan Empire
Miguel Hidalgo
Mexico:
promoted rights of natives and Mexican born
Led “Cry of Delores” revolt
Spanish win; Hidalgo is executed
Simon Bolivar
Venezuela/Gran Colombia:
starts as a supporter for Venezuelan independence
becomes leader of the movement
becomes president of “Gran Colombia” (Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador)
Juan de San Martin
Argentina/Chile:
participated in Argentina independence movement
led successful surprise attacks against Spain
Passed work to Bolivar after getting Chilean independence
Eva Peron
Argentina: wife of Juan Peron, president of Argentina promoted women's rights to vote advocated for the poor LOVED by Argentine people died in 1952
What are the five official languages found in Latin America?
English, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Portuguese
What is the most common language spoken in Latin America?
Spanish
List 5 countries and official languages for each.
English- Belize, Jamaica, and Guyana Spanish- Mexico French- French Guyana Dutch- Suriname Portuguese- Brazil
What/who influenced Latin American food over the years?
Africa and Europe
Out of all the regions in Latin America, which area has the most influence in their food?
Caribbean
What flavors are found in Caribbean foods?
citrus-y, aromatic, sweet, tart, and spicy
Food from the Americas:
corn potatoes peppers chocolate guinea pigs
Food from Europe:
chicken
beef
pork
citrus
What new food genre is emerging in North America?
Nuevo Latino
How has Nuevo Latino formed?
Today, a lot of these South American grains and foods are making an appearance in North America. These South American foods, combined with other global influence, creates a new style.
When is Dia de los Muertos celebrated?
November 1
Who is being honored on Dia de los Muertos?
lives of the deceased
Where is Dia de los Muertos commonly celebrated?
Mexico
How do people celebrate at Dia de los Muertos?
food and drink
parties
activities that the deceased once participated in
decorate altars or cemetery sites
When is Semana Santa celebrated?
Holy Week
Where is Semana Santa commonly celebrated?
Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain
How do people celebrate Semana Santa?
Processions are held to honor the Saints, Jesus, and Mary
There are special services to honor different events of Holy Week
When is Cinco de Mayo celebrated?
May 5
Where is Cinco de Mayo commonly celebrated?
Mexico and US
How do people celebrate Cinco de Mayo?
Battle reenactments, parades, music, dance, and more
When is Carnival celebrated?
January - March
Where is Carnival commonly celebrated?
Rio de Janiero, Brazil
How do people celebrate Carnival?
dances and competitions
parades
elaborate and colorful costumes
parties
What do some of these holidays have in common?
parades, music, dance, joy
What are the four main genres of Latin American music?
Amerindian, Iberian, African, Mestizo
What instruments are commonly heard in each genre?
Amerindian- percussion, winds, panpipes, flutes, harps, fiddles, and guitars
Iberian- harps, fiddles, and guitars
African- conga drums + sticks, call and response, drums
Mestizo- mixed
What are the three sub genres of African style Latin American music? What instruments are used in these sub genres?
Calypso: steel band
Rumba: conga drums+sticks, call and response
Merengue: vocal
What dances are used in the different styles of Latin American music?
Desafio, Cueca, Joropo, Sones, and Corrido
a wooden rectangular box played as a drum. the musician sits on top and taps the front with both hands, coming up with variations of timbre depending on where it is being played
cajon
rattle made from sheep, llama, or goat hooves dried in the sun. oiled and sewn into a wrist cloth bracelet
chajchas
a hollowed gourd made form the fruit of a “higuera” or gourd plant, with grooves carved on the side. a fine wire fork is used to scratch the ridges, producing a scraping sound
guiro
donkey jawbone used as a percussion instrument. the instrument is held with one hand and struck on the side to make the teeth rattle, whereupon the sound is amplifies by the bone structure itself. the teeth can also be scraped with a thin stick
Quijada de burro
a bowl shaped percussion instrument made from a steel instrument made from a steel barrel divided into sections producing different notes when struck; think under the sea
Steel Drums/Band
What is the most popular religion in Latin America?
Roman Catholicism
