later relationships

Question 1

How does the quality of a child’s first attachment affect later relationships?

Answer 1

Loving relationship - seek these out in future, behave functionally within them
Bad experience - struggle to form relationships, not behave appropriately

Question 2

How do securely attached infants form friendships?

Answer 2

Form best quality childhood friendships

Question 3

How do insecurely attached infants form friendships?

Answer 3

Kerns - friendship difficulties

Question 4

How can bullying behaviour be predicted by attachment type?

Answer 4

Myron-Wilson and Smith - assessed attachment type and bullying involvement
Secure children unlikely to be involved
Avoidant - most likely to be victims
Resistant - most likely to be bullies

Question 5

Describe McCarthy’s research into relationships in adulthood

Answer 5

40 women who had been assessed for attachment types as infants
Secure - best friendships and romance
Resistant - problems maintaining friendships
Avoidant - struggled with romantic intimacy

Question 6

Describe Hazan and Shaver’s research into adulthood relationships

Answer 6

Analysed replies to a love quiz
Assessed current/most important relationship
Assessed general love experiences
Assessed attachment type
56% secure
25% avoidant
19% resistant
Secure - most likely to have good and long lasting romance
Avoidant - jealousy and fear of intimacy

Question 7

How do internal working models affect adulthood relationships as a parent?

Answer 7

Bailey - majority of women has same attachment type as babies and own mother

Question 8

Evaluation - evidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed

Answer 8

McCarthy predicts continuity
Not all studies support internal working models
Zimmerman - assessed infant attachment type and adolescent attachment to parents
Found little relationship

Question 9

Evaluation - studies have validity issues

Answer 9

Use interviews or questionnaires
Depends on pps being honest and realistic
Retrospective - relies on accurate recollections

Question 10

Evaluation - association does not mean causality

Answer 10

Infant attachment type may not cause attachment quality
Parenting style may affect both
Temperament

Question 11

Evaluation - influence of early attachment is too probabilistic

Answer 11

Exaggerated influence
Clarke and Clarke - probabilistic
People are not doomed, just have a greater risk
Too pessimistic about people’s futures

Question 12

Evaluation - self report is conscious but internal working models are not

Answer 12

Internal working models are unconscious - unaware of their influence on us
Cannot get evidence from self report
Self reporting on conscious understanding