Later Middle Ages

Question 1

What was the impact of Henry II?

Answer 1

1. King in 1154
2. In 1166, he reorganised courts and set up prisons for those who were accused and waiting for trial
3. Called Assize of Clarendon

Question 2

What are the Justices In Eyre?

Answer 2

1. Royal justices known as Justices In Eyre visit each country twice a year
2. Heard the most serious cases
3. Increases the role of king in legal matters and centralised control

Question 3

What is the impact of population growth?

Answer 3

1. In C13&14th the growth of towns, like London with 30,000 people
2. More centralised approach needed
3. Crime was dealt by government appointed officials
4. Community still used.
5. Less serious were dealt with at the local level-manor courts.

Question 4

What is the Statute of Labourers?

Answer 4

Made it illegal to ask for higher wages.

Question 5

Why was the Statute of Labourers introduced?

Answer 5

1. 1351
2. With far fewer workers available in the wake of the Black Death in 1348, peasants could demand higher wages for their work.
3. Used a new law to protect their interests.

Question 6

How did the Statute of Labourers show change and continuity in law enforcement?

Answer 6

1. Ruling class still introduced laws to protect their own interests
2. Passed by parliament

Question 7

Crime of heresy:

Answer 7

1. Small group of people in the 13th and 14th century questioned the Church
2. Disagreed with the sacraments of bread and wine and wanted the translation Bible into English
3. Laws against it were 1382,1401,1414
4. 1401 law introduced burning at the stake
5. Law in 1414 gave JPs power to arrest suspected heretics

Question 8

What are coroners and knights?

Answer 8

1. Introduced in 1194 by Richard I
2. Investigate suspicious deaths.
3. In 1195, introduced knights as keepers of the kings peace in areas that are unruly

Question 9

What are JPs?

Answer 9

1. By 1327, Edward II extended knights to all areas
2. By 1361, they were known as JPs
3. Met 4 times a year to carry out their magistrate duties and enforce the law.

Question 10

Changes in Law Enforcement:

Answer 10

1. Rather than local communities, these men were appointed by the central authority of the king
2. Shift towards a central power government power base.
3. Had a reputation for being harsh on poachers-they were landowners

Question 11

Change in punishments:

Answer 11

1 A new punishment introduced for the most serious crimes of high treason
2. Plotting to betray or kill the king
3. Hanged, drawn and quartered
4. Semi strangled, revived, his abdomen cut open, intestines drawn out
5. Limbs severed and transported to different areas of the country for display.