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Medieval history > Late Roman Empire > Flashcards

Late Roman Empire Flashcards

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1
Q

What year, where and by whom was Constantine first declared emperor?

A

308, Eboracum, his troops

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2
Q

In what year did Constantine win the Battle of the Milvian Bridge?

A

312

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3
Q

What did Constantine’s mother Helena find, and where?

A

The True Cross, Jerusalem

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4
Q

Who ruled Rome 284-311?

A

Diocletian

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5
Q

What battle and against whom did Constantine fight in 312?

A

Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Maxentius

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6
Q

When did Constantine I rule?

A

312-337

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7
Q

What did Constantine see in the sky before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312?

A

Chi rho, in hoc signo vinces

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8
Q

Tetrarchy: two what and two what?

A

augustae, caesares

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9
Q

What year was Constantinople founded?

A

324

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10
Q

What year was the Edict of Milan, and what did it do?

A

313, legalised tolerance of Christianity

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11
Q

Which edict legalised tolerance of Christianity, and in what year?

A

Edict of Milan, 313

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12
Q

Which churches did Constantine build?

A

Holy Sepulchre, St Peter’s Basilica

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13
Q

When did Constantine II rule?

A

337-361

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14
Q

When did Julian the Apostate rule?

A

361-364

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15
Q

Which emperor was the last non-Christian, and when did he rule?

A

Julian the Apostate, 361-364

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16
Q

What three anti-Christian measures did Julian the apostate take?

A
  1. Purged the ruling classes of Christianity
  2. Reinstated temples
  3. Conficated church land
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17
Q

When did Valentian I rule?

A

364-375

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18
Q

Who ruled between Valentian I and Thedosius I, and when did he rule?

A

Valens, 375-378

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19
Q

When did Theodosius I the Great rule?

A

379-395

20
Q

Who was the last ruler of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires together?

A

Theodosius I the Great

21
Q

Where was Theodosius born? How did he come to power?

A

Spain, through the military

22
Q

Which two emperors split the empire permanently, and in what year?

A

Arcadius & Honorius 395

23
Q

Who was the high watermark of early Byzantine emperors, and when did he rule?

A

Justinian, 527-565

24
Q

What language did Justinian speak? Why is that important?

A

Latin; he was the last emperor to do so

25
Q

Which 5 areas did Justinian reconquer?

A
  1. North Africa
  2. Dalmatia
  3. Sicily
  4. Italy
  5. Southern Iberia
26
Q

Which church did Justinian build?

A

Hagia Sophia

27
Q

What was the Justinian code?

A

Reinstitution of old Roman laws

28
Q

What was the Arian heresy all about?

A

Christ created by God, and is therefore subordinate

29
Q

Where was Arianism denounced?

A

Council of Nicaea, 325

30
Q

Why are heresies important? Give 3 reasons

A
  1. They show the join between church and state
  2. They pitch different groups against one another
  3. They cause strife between emperor and population
31
Q

What was Nestorianism all about?

A

Christ’s humanity and divinity were two entirely separate ideas

32
Q

Where was Nestorianism denounced?

A

Council of Ephesus, 431

33
Q

What is the Greek term for Mother of God?

A

Theotokos

34
Q

What was Donatism all about?

A

The person of the priest trumps the office of the priesthood

35
Q

What caused Donatism?

A

Worry over traitors from Diocletian’s persecutions

36
Q

What was Monophysitism all about?

A

Christ is one body, one spirit, one nature

37
Q

What caused the end of Donatism?

A

Arab invasions

38
Q

Where was Monophysitism denounced?

A

Council of Chalcedon, 451

39
Q

What was the result of Monophysitism?

A

Split between Orthodox and Eastern Christianity

40
Q

What was Iconoclasm all about?

A

Idolatry, and the worry of breaking the 2nd commandment

41
Q

When was Iconoclasm an issue?

A

8th century

42
Q

Where was Iconoclasm denounced?

A

Second Council of Nicaea, 787

43
Q

What supported the iconodules’ claim?

A

Christ’s advent revealed God’s image, thereby nullifying 2nd commandment

44
Q

Who were the iconoclasts opposing?

A

Iconodules

45
Q

Which emperor was the first to be an iconoclast, and when did he rule?

A

Leo III, 717-741

Medieval history (8 decks)

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