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PSC 1002 > Late Midterm Vocab > Flashcards

Late Midterm Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Communism

A

Political economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and ultimately the need for political institutions such as the state

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2
Q

Base

A

Economic system of a society, made up of technology (means of production) and class relations between people (relations of production)

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3
Q

Superstructure

A

All noneconomic institutions in a society

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4
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Property owning class

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5
Q

Dialectical materialism

A

Process of historical change that is not evolutionary but revolutionary. Existing bass and superstructure come into conflict with new technology and opposition to the existing order leading to revolution

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6
Q

Proletariat

A

Working class

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7
Q

Vanguard of the proletariat

A

Lenin’s argument that an elite communist party would carry out revolution because historical conditions would not automatically lead to capitalisms demise

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8
Q

Nomenklatura

A

Politically sensitive or influential seats in the state, society, or economy that were staffed by people chosen or approved by the communist party

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9
Q

Politburo

A

Top policy making executive body of a communist party

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10
Q

Central committee

A

Legislative-like body of a communist party

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11
Q

Party-state

A

Power flows directly from the ruling

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12
Q

Central Planning

A

Communists economic system where state explicitly allocates resources by planning what should be produced, the price, and where they are sold

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13
Q

Glasnost

A

Openness. Political liberalization of Soviet union

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14
Q

Perestroika

A

Restructuring. Political and economic liberalization of Soviet Union

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15
Q

Shock therapy

A

Process of rapid marketization

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16
Q

Kremlin

A

11th century fortress in the heart of Moscow that has been the historical seat of Russian state power

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17
Q

Federal Security Service

A

Successor of the KGB. Russian intelligence agency

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18
Q

Federation Council

A

Upper house of Russian legislature

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19
Q

Duma

A

Lower house of Russian legislature

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20
Q

Asymmetric federalism

A

Power is devolved unequally across the country and its constituent regions

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21
Q

Parties of power

A

Russian parties created by political elites to support their political aspirations, typically lacking an ideology

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22
Q

United Russia

A

Main political party in Russia and supports Putin

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23
Q

Communist Party of the Russian Federation

A

Successor party in Russia to the communist party of the soviet union

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24
Q

Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

A

Political party in Russia with a nationalist and antidemocratic orientation

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25
Q

Caucasus

A

Southwest Russia where there is a diverse mixture of non-Slavic people with distinct languages and customs as well as a much stronger historical presence of Islam than Orthodox Christianity

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26
Q

Chechnya

A

Russian republic that has been a source of military conflict since 1991

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27
Q

Eurasian Economic Union

A

Economic and political union among several former soviet states

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28
Q

Danwei (work unit) system

A

Maoist program providing all chinsese citizens lifetime affiliation with a work unit governing all aspects of their life

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29
Q

Hukou (household registration) system

A

Maoist program that tied all chinese to a particular geographic location

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30
Q

National Party Congress

A

Chinese communist partys cumbersome representative body

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31
Q

Chinese dream

A

Policy vision calling for chinas national rejuvenation, modernization, and prosperity

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32
Q

Harmonious society

A

CCP propaganda for the continuation of economic reform but with more concern for the growing wealth and welfare gap between urban and rural china

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33
Q

National Peoples Congress

A

Chinas national legislature

34
Q

Anti-corruption campaign

A

Parliament Xi Jinpungs sweeping campaign against graft and other forms of corruption

35
Q

Three Represents

A

2001 policy cooptint private entrepreneurs into the CCP

36
Q

Red Capitalists

A

Private entrepreneurs who are also members of the CCP and whose interest generally align with those of the party state

37
Q

Social Credit System

A

State-implemented behavioral modification system that tracks the economic and social actions of chinese citizens and businesses

38
Q

Belt and Road initiative

A

Chinas huge infrastructure development and investment project launched in 2013. Link china to rest of asia, middle east, europe, and beyond

39
Q

Iron rice bowl

A

Maos promise of cradle to grave health care, work, and retirement security which has largely disappeared under reform

40
Q

Reds versus experts

A

Maos policy favoring politically indoctrinated party cadres (reds) over those with economic training (experts)

41
Q

Household responsibility system

A

1980s rural reform program that lowered production quotas and allowed the sale of surplus agriculture produce on the free market

42
Q

Special economic zones

A

Enclaves since 1979 that have offered tax breaks and other incentives to lure foreign incestment

43
Q

Beijing consensus

A

Neomercantilist model of state led capitalist development adopted by china as an alternative to the washington consensus

44
Q

Middle income countries

A

Less developed countries that have experienced significant economic growth and democratization

45
Q

Lower income countries

A

Lack significant economic development or political institutionalization

46
Q

Developing countries

A

Lower and middle income countries

47
Q

Empires

A

Single political authority that has under its sovereignty a large number of external regions or territories and different peoples

48
Q

Imperialism

A

State extends its power to directly control territory, resources, and people beyond its boarders

49
Q

Colonialism

A

Imperialist system in which a foreign territory is physically occupied, using military force, businesses, or settlers

50
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Indirect imperialism where powerful countries overly influence economies of less developed countries

51
Q

Import substitution

A

Country restricts imports in order to spur demand for locally produced goods

52
Q

Middle income trap

A

Countries experience economic growth but are unable to develop at the speed necessary to catch up with developed countries

53
Q

Export oriented industrialization

A

Country seeks out technologies and develops industries focused specifically on the export market

54
Q

Neoliberalism/structural adjustment programs/washington consensus

A

Economic liberalization adopted in exchange for financial support from liberal international organizations.

55
Q

Informal economy

A

Segment of the economy that is not regulated protected or taxed by the state

56
Q

Microcredit

A

Small loans are channeled to the poor through borrowing groups whose members jointly take responsibility for repayment

57
Q

Center

A

Indias national government and its capital in New Delhi

58
Q

Presidents rule

A

State equivalent of emergency rule. National government takes temporary control of a state by imposing martial law

59
Q

House of the people

A

Lower house of indian parliament

60
Q

Council of states

A

Upper house of indian parliament

61
Q

Untouchables

A

Indias outcaste groups including tribal aboriginals and those who traditionally performed unclean duties

62
Q

Dalits

A

Formal name or indias outcastes

63
Q

Chief minister

A

Chief executives of federal states in India, elected by state legislature for 5yr terms

64
Q

Asymmetric federalism

A

Power is devolved unequally across the country

65
Q

Naxalism

A

Radical maoist insurgency in India

66
Q

Hindi

A

Language-one of two national languages in India
Religion-Dominant religious tradition

67
Q

Kashmir

A

Contested region in northern india claimed by both india and Pakistan

68
Q

Green revolution

A

1960s and 70s when technology enhanced crops and cropping methods dramatically improved food production in India

69
Q

License raj

A

Indias bureaucratized and politicized mercantilist system of license permits and quotas governing the economy

70
Q

Outsourcing

A

Moving the production of goods and services to another country to take advantage if cheap labor or other savings

71
Q

Kerala

A

Southwestern indian state governed by communists. High literacy, low fertility, and low population growth

72
Q

Supreme leader

A

Chief spiritual and political leader of iran

73
Q

Assembly of experts

A

Elected body that choses the supreme leader

74
Q

President

A

Head of government

75
Q

Guardian council

A

Appointed body that vets candidates for office and can overturn legislation

76
Q

Expediency council

A

Appointed body that mediates between the majlis and the guardian council over legislative disputes

77
Q

Revolutionary guard

A

Paramilitary force charged with defending the regime from domestic and internal enemies

78
Q

Basij

A

People militia which serves as a public morals police

79
Q

Quietist

A

Description of view within Shiism that rejects theocracy and the direct role of religion in the state quotas

80
Q

Principalisys

A

Term for political conservatives in Iran who oppose liberalization and political reform

81
Q

Bonyads

A

Parastatal foundations made in part from assets nationalized after the Iranian revolution

PSC 1002 (6 decks)

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