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PSC 1002 > Early Midterm All Vocab > Flashcards

Early Midterm All Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Political violence

A

Violence outside of state control that is politically motivated

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2
Q

Ideational

A

Having to do with ideas

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3
Q

Revolution

A

Public seizure of the state to overthrow the existing government and regime

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4
Q

Relative deprivation model

A

Model that predicts revolution when public expectations outpace the rate of domestic change

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5
Q

Terrorism

A

Use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians to achieve a political goal

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6
Q

State sponsored terrorism

A

Terrorism supported directly by a state as an instrument of foreign policy

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7
Q

Guerilla war

A

Nonstate combants who largely abide by the rules of war and target the state

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8
Q

Nihilism

A

All institutions and values are meaningless, the only redeeming value is violence

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9
Q

Political economy

A

The study of the interaction between states and markets

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10
Q

Market

A

The interaction between the forces of supply and demand that allocat resources

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11
Q

Property

A

Goods or services that are owned privately or publicly by an individual or group

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12
Q

Public goods

A

Goods, provided or secured by the state, available to society and which no private person or organization can own

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13
Q

Gross Domestic Product

A

Total market value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year

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14
Q

Central bank

A

State institution that controls how much money is in the economy and how much it costs to borrow money in the economy

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15
Q

Inflation

A

Outstripping of supply and demand causing an increase in the general price level

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16
Q

Hyperinflation

A

Inflation of more than 50% a month for more than two months in a row

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17
Q

Deflation

A

Falling prices and values for goods, services, investments, and wages

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18
Q

Regulation

A

Rule or order that sets boundaries of a given procedure

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19
Q

Monopoly

A

Single producer that is able to dominate the market for a good or service without effective competition

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20
Q

Tariff

A

Tax on imported goods

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21
Q

Quota

A

Nontariff barrier that limits the quantity of a good that may be imported into a country

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22
Q

Comparative advantage

A

Ability of one country to produce a good a more efficiently than another countr

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23
Q

Political-economic systems

A

Relationship between political and economic institutions in a particular country

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24
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

The economy should be allowed to do what it wishes

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25
Q

Capitalism

A

System of production based on private property and free markets

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26
Q

Mercantilism

A

Political economic system in which national economic power is paramount and the domestic economy is an instrument that exists to serve the needs of the state

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27
Q

Parastatal

A

Industry partially owned by the state

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28
Q

Purchasing Power Parity

A

Estimate the buying power of income across different countries using prices in the US as a benchmark

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29
Q

Gini index

A

Amount of inequality in a society

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30
Q

Human Development Index

A

Overall wealth, health, and knowledge of a countries people

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31
Q

Economic liberalization

A

Changes consistant with liberalism that aim to limit the power of the state and increase the power of the market and private property

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32
Q

Democracy

A

Political system where political power is exercised directly or indirectly by the people

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33
Q

Liberal democracy

A

Political system that promotes participation, competition and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights

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34
Q

Republicanism

A

Indirect democracy with separation of powers within a state and the representation of the public through elected officials

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35
Q

Separation of powers

A

Clear division of power among different branches of government and the provision that specific branches may check the power of other branches

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36
Q

Civil society

A

Organizations of the state thaat help people define and advance their own interests

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37
Q

Executive

A

Carries out laws and policies of a state

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38
Q

Head of state

A

Executive role that symbolizes and represents people

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39
Q

Head of government

A

Executive role that deals with everyday tasks of running the state

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40
Q

Legislature

A

Charged with making laws

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41
Q

Bicameral system

A

Legislature comprises two houses

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42
Q

Unicameral system

A

Legislature comprises one house

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43
Q

Rule of law

A

All individuals and groups are subject to the law, irrespective of their power or authority

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44
Q

Constitutional court

A

Highest judicial body that decides whether laws and policies violate the constitution

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45
Q

Judicial review

A

Courts can review the actions of government and overturn those that violate the constitution

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46
Q

Concrete review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutioinal court to rule on the basis of actual legal disputes brought before it

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47
Q

Abstract review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on questions that dont arise from actual legal disputes

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48
Q

Parliamentary system

A

Roles of head of state and head of government are assigned to separate executive offices

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49
Q

Vote of no confidence

A

Vote taken by a legislature as to whether its members continue to support the current prime minister

50
Q

Presidential system

A

Roles of head of state and head of government are combines in one executive office

51
Q

Semi-presidential system

A

Executive that divides power between two strong executives, a president, and a prime minister

52
Q

Electoral system

A

Set of rules that govern how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legistlature

53
Q

Constituency

A

Geographical area that an elected official represents

54
Q

Single Member District

A

Electoral district with one legislative seat

55
Q

Proportional representation

A

Electoral system where political parties compete in multimember districts, seats are awared proportionally

56
Q

First past the post

A

Electoral system where individual canidates compete in SMD, winner takes all the seats

57
Q

Multimember district

A

Electoral district with more than one seat

58
Q

Mixed electoral system

A

Electoral system that combines SMD and PR

59
Q

Referendum

A

National vote called by government to address a specific proposal

60
Q

Initative

A

National vote called by members of the public to address a specific proposal

61
Q

Civil rights

A

Individual rights regarding equality that are created by the constitution and the political regime

62
Q

Civil liberties

A

Individual rights regarding freedom that are created by the constitution and the political regime

63
Q

Developed democracy

A

Country with institutionalized democracy and a high level of economic development

64
Q

Modern

A

Secular, rational, materalistic, technological, and bureaucratic. Places a greater emphasis on individual freedom

65
Q

Postmodern

A

Set of values that center on quality of life considerations and give less attention to material gains

66
Q

Intergovernmental system

A

Two or more countries cooperating on issues

67
Q

Supranational system

A

Intergovernmental system with its own sovereign powers over member states

68
Q

Brexit

A

British exit from the EU

69
Q

Margaret Thatcher

A

Conservative UK prime minister from 1979-1990

70
Q

Neoliberal

A

Policies championed by Thatchers conservative government in 1980s to diminish the role of the state in the economy

71
Q

Conservative (Tories)

A

One of UKs largest parties

72
Q

Labour party

A

One of UKs largest parties

73
Q

Tony Blair

A

Labour UK prime minister from 1997-2007

74
Q

Third way

A

Recent policies of the labour party that embrace a free market

75
Q

David Cameron

A

Conservative UK prime minister from 2010-2016

76
Q

Theresa May

A

Conservative UK prime minister from 2016-2019

77
Q

Boris Johnson

A

Conservative UK prime minister key to brexit

78
Q

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

A

Official name of the british state

79
Q

Celtic Fringe

A

Scotland and wales

80
Q

Common law

A

Legal system based on local customs and precedent

81
Q

Magna Carta

A

1215 document signed by King John that set the precedent for limited monarchical powers

82
Q

Parliament

A

UKs legislature

83
Q

English civil war

A

17th century conflict between parliament and the monarch

84
Q

Cabinet (UK)

A

Top members of UK government who assist the prime minister

85
Q

House of lords

A

Uper house of UK legislature

86
Q

House of commons

A

Lower house of UK legislature

87
Q

Collectivist Consensus

A

Postwar consensus between UKs major parties to build and sustain a welfare state

88
Q

Hung parliament

A

Election result where no party wins a maority

89
Q

Member of parliament

A

Individual legislator in the house of commons

90
Q

Collective responsibility

A

All members of UK cabinet either support government policy or resign

91
Q

United Kingdom Independence Party

A

Populist and Euroskeptic political party favoring brexit

92
Q

Scottish national party

A

National political party promoting scottish independence

93
Q

Good Friday Agreement

A

1998 accord between protestents and catholics in northern ireland that ended decades of violence

94
Q

Jeremy Corbyn

A

Leader of opposition Labour party in UK from 2015-2020

95
Q

Nigel Farage

A

UKIP leader until 2016

96
Q

Trades Union Congress

A

Confederation of UKs largest trade union

97
Q

Confederation of British Industry

A

UKs most important group representing the private sector

98
Q

Quangos

A

Quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organizations that assist the government in making policy

99
Q

Northern Ireland

A

Northeastern part of ireland of the UK called Ulster

100
Q

The troubles

A

Three decades of ethnic conflict between northern irelands nationalists (Catholic) and unionists(Protestant)

101
Q

George Washington

A

Commander of the continental army

102
Q

Declaration of independence

A

13 colonies independent from Britain. 1776

103
Q

American revolution

A

Conflict between Britain and US

104
Q

Articles of confederation

A

Weak confederal regime for colonies after 1781. Replaced with consititution

105
Q

Bill of rights

A

First 10 amendments of the constitution

106
Q

Mexican-American war

A

Conflict between Mexico and America. America got half of Mexico’s land. 1846-1848

107
Q

Civil War Amendments

A

13th–Abolish slavery except prison
14th–due process
15th–End voter racial discrimination

108
Q

Progressive era

A

1890s-1920s. Progressives used state to limit private businesses

109
Q

New deal

A

1933-1938 policies to stimulate the economy to counter the great depression

110
Q

Civil rights movement

A

1955-1965 movement to end racial discrimiation

111
Q

Vietnam war

A

US and allies v communism in vietnam. Unsuccessful

112
Q

Federalism

A

Significant state powers are devolved to regional/local governments

113
Q

Barack Obama

A

US president from 2009-2017

114
Q

Cabinet (US)

A

Appointed officials who serve the executive bureaucracies

115
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Appointing electoral districts to favor one political party

116
Q

Donald Trump

A

45th US president. Elected in 2016

117
Q

Tea party

A

Reactionary republican party in 2009. Want lower taxes, small government, and socially conservative policies

118
Q

Mueller Report

A

2019 report on investigation into Russia in 2016 elections

119
Q

Populism

A

Hostility towards elites and established state and economic institutions. Favors power in hands of the peope

120
Q

Utopian moralism

A

Tendency o Americans to view the world as good and evil

121
Q

Political Polarization

A

Degree of political partisanship

PSC 1002 (6 decks)

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