Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AICP - JB > Last week > Flashcards

Last week Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When was the social security act first passed?

A

1935

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was a main community design related outcome of the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act?

A

accelerating the growth of the suburbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

National Trust for Historic Preservation - created when by whom?

A

1949, chartered by Congress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Person associated with Garden City movement

A

Ebenezer Howard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Person associated with City Beautiful movement?

A

Daniel Burnham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Euclid v. Ambler happened during which city planning movement?

A

City Efficient movement (1916-1920s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What event marks the transition from the City Efficient to the City Humane movements?

A

Great Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What planning movement are we in now, and when did this movement start?

A

New Urbanism movement, began in the 1980s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

People (3) associated with New Urbanism

A

Peter Calthorpe
Andres Duany
Elizabeth Plater-Zybek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What planning theory style are most plans, and why?

A

Rational planning theory, because it aligns with federal environmental guidelines and procedures, as well as decision making models in other disciplines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which planning theory focuses on uplifting the perspectives and needs of “the poor” or “minorities “?

A

Advocacy Planning (Paul Davidoff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Another name for Communicative Planning theory

A

Collaborative Planning Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Person and phrases (2) associated with Communicative / Collaborative Planning theory?

A

John Forester
“Planning in the face of power”
“Planning in the face of conflict”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 categories of participation in Arnstein’s ladder

A

Non participation
Tokenism
Citizen Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the levels of non participation in Arnstein’s ladder?

A
  1. Manipulation - “educating” citizens

2. Therapy - experts “helping” citizens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the levels of tokenism in Arnstein’s ladder?

A
  1. Informing - one-way flow of info
  2. Consultation - inviting opinion through surveys, meetings, hearings, etc.
  3. Placation - community has “official input” in the process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the levels of Citizen Power in Arnstein’s ladder?

A
  1. Partnership - redistribution / balanced power between citizens and officials.
  2. Delegated Power - citizens make decisions for specific parts of the planning process / implementation.
  3. Citizen Control - citizens make decisions and hold the funding for plan creating and implementing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Central Place theory

A

Emphasizes the [role of a city within its surrounding region - economic hub ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

urban spatial development theory that originated from agricultural economies, in which city size and location are determined by food product distribution networks.

A

Hierarchical spatial development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 theories of urban spatial development

A

Linear
Cluster
Hierarchical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Outcome of the Pullman, IL model employer built town

A

Employee strikes, and IL Supreme Court decision required Pullman to sell homes to current residents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Person associated with place-based urban planning / placemaking

A

Jane Jacobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

“The Power Broker” by Robert Caro focuses on which famous planner?

A

Robert Moses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A contributing factor to Oregons strong urban growth boundary process

A

Statewide land use planning defines the urban growth boundaries for every metro area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Typical section (def)
Engineering term for cross section diagram
26
Service Load (def)
Engineering term - estimated amount of pressure a structure can support
27
What does CAD stand for?
Computer Aided Design
28
World population
( < ) 8billion
29
US population size
330million
30
Natural increase (def)
Difference between the birth rate and the death rate
31
Which population generation is credited for the US counterculture and environmental movements?
Baby Boomers (dad, born 1964, last year of baby boomers)
32
Which US population generation is currently the largest?
Millennials (Gen Y) - me!
33
Randall Arendt
Coined “rural by design” - compact development + preservation / conservation of open space
34
Some current/modern characteristics of “rural by design”
Infill neighbourhoods Form-based codes Green infrastructure and low impact development
35
What are George Kellinger and James Wilson known for?
Broken windows theory
36
What is Richard Florida associated with?
The creative class concept
37
6 pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act
``` lead ozone carbon monoxide nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide particulate matter ```
38
WOTUS - def and content
Waters of the United States any navigable waterway - any water way with tides / movement that can be used for commerce. stormwater infrastructure like ditches and ponds usually dont count as WOTUS
39
Mugler v. Kansas (1887) I W P
Issue: Kansas passed reg prohibiting manufacture and sale of beer/malt liquor. Mugler continued to operate his pre-existing brewery. 5th amend - is the state taking Muglers property? 14th amen - is the state reg a proper exercise of police power? Winner: Kansas Precedent: regulation of a nuisance like a brewery is allowed and is not a taking (not just compensation needed).
40
4 federal transportation acts, names and dates
(2015) (FAST) Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (2012) (MAP-21) Moving America for Progress in the 21st Century (2005) (SAFETEA-LU) Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (1991) (ISTEA) Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
41
Which type is larger: | Panamax Vessel or Post-Panamax Vessel
Post-Panamax Vessel - cannot fit through the Panama canal. Assumed to be even more polluting.
42
Fiscal Impact Analysis
determines expected revenues and costs of a proposed project on a jurisdiction's annual revenues and expenses
43
how often do full censuses occur?
every 10 years - "decennial" census
44
Census: what is an urbanized area?
area with more than 50,000 ppl
45
levels of census geography - large to small
``` Metropolitan Statistical Area Urbanized Area Designated Place Tract Block Group Block ```
46
which is the smallest unit of the decennial census counting population size?
Census tract
47
Census Tract - definition, creation
average of 4,000ppl, but can range from 1,200 -8,000 ppl tracts are defined by local governments in partnership with the census bureau
48
Which geographic area is used by gov to designate regions for community development (Enterprise Zones, New Market Tax Credits, etc)
Census Tracts
49
NAICS - meaning
North American Industry Classification System
50
How often is NAICS conducted?
~ every 3 years
51
simple definition of GIS
a tool that connects a database to a visual
52
LBCS - meaning and def
Land-Based Classification Standards - standardizes which colors are used where in land use maps
53
what are the five dimensions of a Land-Based Classification Standard?
1. Activity: use 2. Function: economic use (manufacturing/commercial/residential) 3. Structure: type of building 4. Site Development Character: status of development on the land 5. Ownership: public/private/other
54
How many categories does each dimension of the Land-Based Classification Standards have?
9
55
Section (survey term)
1 sq mile - 640 acres
56
Range (survey term)
distance measurement east to west, in units of 6 miles
57
What amount of land were settlers granted through the 1862 Homestead Act
quarter section - ¼ mile squared - 160 acres
58
Which federal department manages the census?
Department of Commerce
59
the 5 strategic points of intervention for planning
1. Long Range Community Visioning/Goal Setting 2. Plan Making 3. Standards, Policies, Incentives 4. Development 5. Public Investments - (capital improvement program)
60
the two types of scenario planning
1. Normative - scenarios all achieve a target | 2. Exploratory - scenarios are open ended and based on known unknowns - "alternative futures"
61
difference between estimates, projections, and forecasts
Estimate - a number that cannot be measured directly Projection - prediction about the future Forecast - analysis that shows what the future will most likely look like
62
4 forecasting methods
1. Extrapolation 2. Cohort Component 3. Shift-Share Analysis 4. Input-Output Analysis
63
define Extrapolation
forecasting method - analysis that creates trend lines (linear, log, etc.) to forecast the future
64
define Cohort Component
forecasting method - analysis of births, deaths, and migration to forecast future population, in the form of 5-year population cohorts (population pyramid style)
65
define Shift-Share Analysis
forecasting method - analysis which uses local employment changes in an industry (national share, industry mix, local shift)
66
define Input-Output analysis
forecasting method - analyzes the links between economic sectors and interrelationships of how changes in one industry affect another industry
67
practical meaning of an industry being a multiplier
when an industry is a multiplier... --for every 1 job created in that industry, more than 1 job is created in another industry. (--it is a basic industry) (--it has a location quotient greater than 1)
68
population trend in US cities between 1980 - 2010
though urban population continued to rise, 40% of US cities (mostly in the Northeast and the Midwest) experienced population loss between 1980 - 2010
69
True or False - a public hearing is not considered to be a legislative action
False
70
Formula funding type is based on...
population size or other key indicators
71
BUILD RAISE TIGER are what?
US Department of Transportation discretionary grant programs 2009 - 2021
72
advance affordable housing goals, fixing sidewalks, and enhancing the public realm are all examples of how which federal grant program can be used?
CDBG
73
Describe the route through which CDBGs are delivered
HUD --> locality entitlement area (>50,000 pop) HUD--> State on behalf on non-entitlement areas, and State is supposed to use funds to benefit these areas.
74
NMTC stands for
New Market Tax Credit
75
what is the federal govs newest community development financing program, and when did it start?
Opportunity Zones, 2017
76
3 criteria of an Opportunity Zone
1. individual poverty rate >20% 2. median family income <80% AMI 3. has <125% AMI and is located next to a census tract with both of the above conditions
77
explain how the Opportunity Zone program works
- -State run program - -State designates 25% of eligible census tracts as "opportunity zones" for the next 10 years - -if people or corporations invest in designated OZs, their capital gains taxes are offset by the Qualified Opportunity Fund
78
P3 - def
public-private partnership
79
FDBOM arrangement - def, context
Financing, Designing, Building, Operating, Maintenance stages of a public private partnership P3 in which the private partner does all of the above in a long-term contract with a public entity
80
who pioneered form-based codes, as a part of which planning movement?
Andres Duany and Emily Talen, New Urbansim
81
conservation easement - def
legal agreement that allows the public use (eg, open to hiking, stormwater management, etc.) of private land
82
3 main sources of municipal income
1. property taxes 2. sales taxes 3. user fees
83
1 mill context def
property taxes - charged on a millage rate 1 mill = $1 per $1,000 of assessed values
84
mobility fee - def
a type of impact fee govs place on new development to offset increased demand on local transportation system - can be used for capital and operational expenses
85
progressive vs. regressive taxes
Progressive tax - based on income regressive tax - flat rate for all
86
true or false: when a municipality issues a General Obligation bond, it often requires a community referendum and a tax increase
True
87
Revenue Bonds - def
like impact fees - RB are repaid through taxes only by those who use the capital project the RB is funding
88
pay as you use vs. pay as you go
pay as you use (more common) - gov uses debt to finance programs/projects (and repays with interest) pay as you go (less common) - gov uses cash to pay for programs/projects
89
Person associated with the Radiant City concept
Le Corbusier
90
Person associated with Broadacre City concept
Frank Lloyd Wright

AICP - JB (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions