Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AICP - JB > Last week > Flashcards

Last week Flashcards

1
Q

When was the social security act first passed?

A

1935

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was a main community design related outcome of the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act?

A

accelerating the growth of the suburbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

National Trust for Historic Preservation - created when by whom?

A

1949, chartered by Congress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Person associated with Garden City movement

A

Ebenezer Howard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Person associated with City Beautiful movement?

A

Daniel Burnham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Euclid v. Ambler happened during which city planning movement?

A

City Efficient movement (1916-1920s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What event marks the transition from the City Efficient to the City Humane movements?

A

Great Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What planning movement are we in now, and when did this movement start?

A

New Urbanism movement, began in the 1980s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

People (3) associated with New Urbanism

A

Peter Calthorpe
Andres Duany
Elizabeth Plater-Zybek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What planning theory style are most plans, and why?

A

Rational planning theory, because it aligns with federal environmental guidelines and procedures, as well as decision making models in other disciplines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which planning theory focuses on uplifting the perspectives and needs of “the poor” or “minorities “?

A

Advocacy Planning (Paul Davidoff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Another name for Communicative Planning theory

A

Collaborative Planning Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Person and phrases (2) associated with Communicative / Collaborative Planning theory?

A

John Forester
“Planning in the face of power”
“Planning in the face of conflict”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 categories of participation in Arnstein’s ladder

A

Non participation
Tokenism
Citizen Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the levels of non participation in Arnstein’s ladder?

A
  1. Manipulation - “educating” citizens

2. Therapy - experts “helping” citizens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the levels of tokenism in Arnstein’s ladder?

A
  1. Informing - one-way flow of info
  2. Consultation - inviting opinion through surveys, meetings, hearings, etc.
  3. Placation - community has “official input” in the process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the levels of Citizen Power in Arnstein’s ladder?

A
  1. Partnership - redistribution / balanced power between citizens and officials.
  2. Delegated Power - citizens make decisions for specific parts of the planning process / implementation.
  3. Citizen Control - citizens make decisions and hold the funding for plan creating and implementing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Central Place theory

A

Emphasizes the [role of a city within its surrounding region - economic hub ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

urban spatial development theory that originated from agricultural economies, in which city size and location are determined by food product distribution networks.

A

Hierarchical spatial development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 theories of urban spatial development

A

Linear
Cluster
Hierarchical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Outcome of the Pullman, IL model employer built town

A

Employee strikes, and IL Supreme Court decision required Pullman to sell homes to current residents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Person associated with place-based urban planning / placemaking

A

Jane Jacobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

“The Power Broker” by Robert Caro focuses on which famous planner?

A

Robert Moses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A contributing factor to Oregons strong urban growth boundary process

A

Statewide land use planning defines the urban growth boundaries for every metro area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Typical section (def)

A

Engineering term for cross section diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Service Load (def)

A

Engineering term - estimated amount of pressure a structure can support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does CAD stand for?

A

Computer Aided Design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

World population

A

( < ) 8billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

US population size

A

330million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Natural increase (def)

A

Difference between the birth rate and the death rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which population generation is credited for the US counterculture and environmental movements?

A

Baby Boomers (dad, born 1964, last year of baby boomers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which US population generation is currently the largest?

A

Millennials (Gen Y) - me!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Randall Arendt

A

Coined “rural by design” - compact development + preservation / conservation of open space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Some current/modern characteristics of “rural by design”

A

Infill neighbourhoods
Form-based codes
Green infrastructure and low impact development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are George Kellinger and James Wilson known for?

A

Broken windows theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is Richard Florida associated with?

A

The creative class concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

6 pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act

A 
lead
ozone
carbon monoxide
nitrogen dioxide
sulfur dioxide
particulate matter
38
Q

WOTUS - def and content

A

Waters of the United States
any navigable waterway - any water way with tides / movement that can be used for commerce.

stormwater infrastructure like ditches and ponds usually dont count as WOTUS

39
Q

Mugler v. Kansas (1887)
I
W
P

A

Issue: Kansas passed reg prohibiting manufacture and sale of beer/malt liquor. Mugler continued to operate his pre-existing brewery. 5th amend - is the state taking Muglers property? 14th amen - is the state reg a proper exercise of police power?

Winner: Kansas

Precedent: regulation of a nuisance like a brewery is allowed and is not a taking (not just compensation needed).

40
Q

4 federal transportation acts, names and dates

A

(2015) (FAST) Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
(2012) (MAP-21) Moving America for Progress in the 21st Century
(2005) (SAFETEA-LU) Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
(1991) (ISTEA) Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

41
Q

Which type is larger:

Panamax Vessel or Post-Panamax Vessel

A

Post-Panamax Vessel - cannot fit through the Panama canal. Assumed to be even more polluting.

42
Q

Fiscal Impact Analysis

A

determines expected revenues and costs of a proposed project on a jurisdiction’s annual revenues and expenses

43
Q

how often do full censuses occur?

A

every 10 years - “decennial” census

44
Q

Census: what is an urbanized area?

A

area with more than 50,000 ppl

45
Q

levels of census geography - large to small

A 
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Urbanized Area
Designated Place
Tract
Block Group
Block
46
Q

which is the smallest unit of the decennial census counting population size?

A

Census tract

47
Q

Census Tract - definition, creation

A

average of 4,000ppl, but can range from 1,200 -8,000 ppl

tracts are defined by local governments in partnership with the census bureau

48
Q

Which geographic area is used by gov to designate regions for community development (Enterprise Zones, New Market Tax Credits, etc)

A

Census Tracts

49
Q

NAICS - meaning

A

North American Industry Classification System

50
Q

How often is NAICS conducted?

A

~ every 3 years

51
Q

simple definition of GIS

A

a tool that connects a database to a visual

52
Q

LBCS - meaning and def

A

Land-Based Classification Standards - standardizes which colors are used where in land use maps

53
Q

what are the five dimensions of a Land-Based Classification Standard?

A
  1. Activity: use
  2. Function: economic use (manufacturing/commercial/residential)
  3. Structure: type of building
  4. Site Development Character: status of development on the land
  5. Ownership: public/private/other
54
Q

How many categories does each dimension of the Land-Based Classification Standards have?

A

9

55
Q

Section (survey term)

A

1 sq mile - 640 acres

56
Q

Range (survey term)

A

distance measurement east to west, in units of 6 miles

57
Q

What amount of land were settlers granted through the 1862 Homestead Act

A

quarter section - ¼ mile squared - 160 acres

58
Q

Which federal department manages the census?

A

Department of Commerce

59
Q

the 5 strategic points of intervention for planning

A
  1. Long Range Community Visioning/Goal Setting
  2. Plan Making
  3. Standards, Policies, Incentives
  4. Development
  5. Public Investments - (capital improvement program)
60
Q

the two types of scenario planning

A
  1. Normative - scenarios all achieve a target

2. Exploratory - scenarios are open ended and based on known unknowns - “alternative futures”

61
Q

difference between estimates, projections, and forecasts

A

Estimate - a number that cannot be measured directly

Projection - prediction about the future

Forecast - analysis that shows what the future will most likely look like

62
Q

4 forecasting methods

A
  1. Extrapolation
  2. Cohort Component
  3. Shift-Share Analysis
  4. Input-Output Analysis
63
Q

define Extrapolation

A

forecasting method - analysis that creates trend lines (linear, log, etc.) to forecast the future

64
Q

define Cohort Component

A

forecasting method - analysis of births, deaths, and migration to forecast future population, in the form of 5-year population cohorts (population pyramid style)

65
Q

define Shift-Share Analysis

A

forecasting method - analysis which uses local employment changes in an industry (national share, industry mix, local shift)

66
Q

define Input-Output analysis

A

forecasting method - analyzes the links between economic sectors and interrelationships of how changes in one industry affect another industry

67
Q

practical meaning of an industry being a multiplier

A

when an industry is a multiplier…

–for every 1 job created in that industry, more than 1 job is created in another industry.
(–it is a basic industry)
(–it has a location quotient greater than 1)

68
Q

population trend in US cities between 1980 - 2010

A

though urban population continued to rise, 40% of US cities (mostly in the Northeast and the Midwest) experienced population loss between 1980 - 2010

69
Q

True or False - a public hearing is not considered to be a legislative action

A

False

70
Q

Formula funding type is based on…

A

population size or other key indicators

71
Q

BUILD
RAISE
TIGER

are what?

A

US Department of Transportation discretionary grant programs 2009 - 2021

72
Q

advance affordable housing goals, fixing sidewalks, and enhancing the public realm are all examples of how which federal grant program can be used?

A

CDBG

73
Q

Describe the route through which CDBGs are delivered

A

HUD –> locality entitlement area (>50,000 pop)

HUD–> State on behalf on non-entitlement areas, and State is supposed to use funds to benefit these areas.

74
Q

NMTC stands for

A

New Market Tax Credit

75
Q

what is the federal govs newest community development financing program, and when did it start?

A

Opportunity Zones, 2017

76
Q

3 criteria of an Opportunity Zone

A
  1. individual poverty rate >20%
  2. median family income <80% AMI
  3. has <125% AMI and is located next to a census tract with both of the above conditions
77
Q

explain how the Opportunity Zone program works

A
  • -State run program
  • -State designates 25% of eligible census tracts as “opportunity zones” for the next 10 years
  • -if people or corporations invest in designated OZs, their capital gains taxes are offset by the Qualified Opportunity Fund
78
Q

P3 - def

A

public-private partnership

79
Q

FDBOM arrangement - def, context

A

Financing, Designing, Building, Operating, Maintenance

stages of a public private partnership P3 in which the private partner does all of the above in a long-term contract with a public entity

80
Q

who pioneered form-based codes, as a part of which planning movement?

A

Andres Duany and Emily Talen, New Urbansim

81
Q

conservation easement - def

A

legal agreement that allows the public use (eg, open to hiking, stormwater management, etc.) of private land

82
Q

3 main sources of municipal income

A
  1. property taxes
  2. sales taxes
  3. user fees
83
Q

1 mill

context
def

A

property taxes - charged on a millage rate

1 mill = $1 per $1,000 of assessed values

84
Q

mobility fee - def

A

a type of impact fee govs place on new development to offset increased demand on local transportation system - can be used for capital and operational expenses

85
Q

progressive vs. regressive taxes

A

Progressive tax - based on income

regressive tax - flat rate for all

86
Q

true or false: when a municipality issues a General Obligation bond, it often requires a community referendum and a tax increase

A

True

87
Q

Revenue Bonds - def

A

like impact fees - RB are repaid through taxes only by those who use the capital project the RB is funding

88
Q

pay as you use

vs.

pay as you go

A

pay as you use (more common) - gov uses debt to finance programs/projects (and repays with interest)

pay as you go (less common) - gov uses cash to pay for programs/projects

89
Q

Person associated with the Radiant City concept

A

Le Corbusier

90
Q

Person associated with Broadacre City concept

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

AICP - JB (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions