Last unit 3 SAC Flashcards
Understand how old public health has brought about improvements in health.
Government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease, such as providing safe water, sanitation and sewage disposal, improved nutrition, improved housing conditions and better work conditions.
Understand how the various Health system components MEDICARE promote health outcomes in relation to Equity and sustainability.
Medicare:
Sustainability: Medicare only covers health services that are deemed to be medically necessary and clinically essential, thereby allowing this service to be in place for future generations.
Equity: The Medicare Safety Net aids those who experiences higher costs of basic healthcare services and thus provides extra support for those who need it most.
Understand how the various Health system components PBS promote health outcomes in relation to Equity and sustainability.
PBS:
Sustainability: The PBS does not cover all medications (only those that are deemed to be disease preventing or life-saving), thereby allowing this service to be in place for future generations.
Equity: The PBS is available to all Australians
Understand MEDICARE what is covered/not covered and the advantages and disadvantages.
Covered:
- Doctors (GP’s)
- Specialist consultations at public hospitals
- Public hospitals (including surgery and follow up procedures)
- X-rays and pathology tests (blood tests)
- Eye tests
Not Covered:
- Treatment in private hospitals
- Dental services
- Elective treatments (e.g. cosmetic surgery)
- Home nursing and treatment
- Ambulances
- Health aids (e.g. glasses, hearing aids, prosthetics)
Advantages:
- Patients have a choice of doctors for out of hospital services.
- All Australians can access Medicare’s benefits when in countries with reciprocal agreement
- It covers most of the basic health services (i.e. those which are deemed medically necessary).
Disadvantages:
- There is no choice of doctor or surgeon for in-hospital treatments.
- Waiting lists exist for elective surgeries (non-emergency medical treatments).
- It does not cover all health services
Understand PBS what is covered/not covered and the advantages and disadvantages.
PBS:
Covered:
Not Covered:
Advantages:
- It is available to all Australian permanent residents and subsidizes the cost of most disease-preventing and life-saving prescription medication.
- Additional financial support is available to those with a concession card by having lower patient co-payments.
- The PBS Safety net provides additional financial support to individuals or families for prescription medication upon reaching a certain threshold in one calendar year.
Disadvantages:
- It places a significant financial burden on the federal government.
- It does not cover all medications
- In most cases, it does not cover the entire cost of the medication; the patient will need to make a co-payment.
Understand Private Health Insurance what is covered/not covered and the advantages and disadvantages.
PHI:
Covered:
Not Covered:
Advantages:
- There are different levels of cover and different companies depending on people’s needs
- It covers services not covered by Medicare
- This alleviates pressure from the public health system and can reduce waiting times for non-emergency treatments.
- Individuals can choose their doctor and hospital for in-hospital care.
Disadvantages:
- It can be costly for individuals or families to take out this level of cover
- Some people pay for services they don’t use
- There still can be out-of-pocket costs for some services and policies.
- Waiting periods may apply for some services (i.e. maternity care).
Understand how the various Health system components PHI promote health outcomes in relation to Equity and sustainability.
PHI:
Sustainability: The PHI also promotes the sustainability of the public health system as it alleviates the pressure from the system by giving people access to private hospital services, meaning there are shorter waiting periods for public healthcare services.
Equity: The PHI rebate’s income testing means that those who earn less can get a bigger refund, making PHI more affordable.
Understand how the various Health system components NDIS promote health outcomes in relation to Equity and sustainability.
NDIS:
Sustainability: It provides individualized programs, which means only resources that are necessary are used in assisting a person.
Equity: Available to all Australians under the age of 65 with a Permanente disability, irrespective, of gender, race, income etc. -hence, all people, especially those who need extra assistance, are able to get the help they need in order to live as normal a life as possible.
