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Radiology -Scott Newman > Last section > Flashcards

Last section Flashcards

1
Q

In order to take a skull radiograph you need

A

general anesthesia
+/- remove ET tube
symmetry is key

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2
Q

Skull rad. views & where to measure

A

Lateral- measure highest point of zygomatic arch

V/D & D/V measure at highest point of cranium

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3
Q

Rostrocaudal: frontal sinus

A

dorsal recumbency with nose pointing at the tube
include entire forehead
beam should be centered through the front sinus

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4
Q

Rostrocaudal: Cranium

A

similar to caudal but nose is angled slightly dorsal towards belly
beam centered at midpoint between eyes

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5
Q

V/D Open mouth: Nasal cavity

A

maxilla parallel to cassette
mandible is as perpendicular as possible
beam centered through the level of the 3rd upper premolar

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6
Q

Rostrocaudal open mouth

A

Dorsal recumbency with the nose pulled cranial and mandible pulled caudal

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7
Q

Maxilla

A

Sternal recumbency
head in line with spine
corner of film inserted in mouth

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8
Q

Mandible

A

Similar to maxilla

dorsal recumbency

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9
Q

When to take a dental rad

A 
Metabolic disease or neoplasia suspected 
Partially erupted or missing teeth
Periodontal disease
Extractions
Oral trauma
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10
Q

Dental units

A

inexpensive
flexible head and joint extension arm
Can be used for more than dental rads
kVp and mA are usually fixed and time is adjustable

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11
Q

Most common dental film

A

D and E

D is 2x faster than E

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12
Q

Maxillary rads

A

sternal or lateral

film placed between tongue and maxilla

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13
Q

Mandibular rads

A

dorsal or lateral

film between tongue and mandible

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14
Q

Bisecting angle technique

A

betermine the plane of the tooth root & the plane of the film
estimate half the distance between the two and position the beam 90 degrees to that point
sternal or dorsal

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15
Q

Parallel technique

A

shooting film parallel to x-ray tube

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16
Q

“chair side” developer

A

dip in developer until color change evident
dip in wash 5 times
fix for 10 min. (clearing time 20sec)
rinse 20-30 min.

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17
Q

5 views of cervical spine

A 
Lateral
V/D
Flexed
Extended
Hyper extended
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18
Q

Contrast medium

A

substance used to increase radiographic contrast

can be + or -

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19
Q

Barium sulfate

A

Positive contrast

only used in GI tract

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20
Q

Iodine based

A

Positive contrast
fill or outline hollow organs
Inj. into blood vessel or oral

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21
Q

Water soluble iodine base

A

Contraindicated for myography

Used when perforation is suspected

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22
Q

Oily viscous agents

A

Lymphography

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23
Q

Negative contrast

A 
Radioleucent
Increases contrast between tissue
Pneumoperitineal studies 
CO2, O2, N20 
CO2 preferred
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24
Q

Double contrast

A

Can use both + and - material at the same time

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25
Q

Survey film

A

Taken before the special procedure

26
Q

Zero min. film

A

taken immediately after contrast material is given

27
Q

Non-sequential studies

A

Must take survey and 0 min. film

28
Q

Sequential studies

A

GI studies
series of films
movement involved
taken at 0,30,60,90 min.

29
Q

Esophagography

A 
\+ contrast given orally 
Megaesophagus dx 
non-sequential 
Include entire esophagus 
Lateral view
30
Q

UGI study

A 
\+ contrast 
Dx obstruction 
Sequential: 0,15,30, 60 & 90 min. 
Barium 
12-24 fast & enema
31
Q

LGI study

A

+, -, or double contrast into rectum, colon and secum
12-24hr. fast and enema
Anesthesia recommended

32
Q

Gastrography

A

+,-, or double contrast
non-sequential
12-24 hour fast

33
Q

Excretory urography

A 
\+ contrast only 
admin IV
survey film 
12-24 hour fast
have crash cart ready
34
Q

Nephrogram

A

excretory urography

renal vasculature of kidneys

35
Q

Pyelogram

A

excretory urography

eval of kidney structures

36
Q

Cystography

A 
Dx tumor, stones, bladder rupture 
\+,- or double 
non-sequential 
sedation recommended 
12-24 hour fast and enema
37
Q

Urethography

A

Retrograde- blocked tom
balloon tipped cath in urethra
admin from urethra up to bladder

Antegrade- tumors
from bladder to the outside

38
Q

Myelography

A

+ contrast only
non-sequential
sterile
anesthesia required

39
Q

Pneumoperitoneography

A
  • contrast only
    sedation recommended
    sterile
    can look at liver, spleen, stomach, distal colon, urinary bladder, uterus, abdominal wall
40
Q

Arthrography

A 
\+ or - contrast 
sterile, iodinated compound
non-sequential 
sedation recommended 
look at joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage
41
Q

Vaginography

A 
Uncommon
\+ contrast 
sterile iodinated contrast
eval of morphology of vaginal vault and repro tract 
anesthesia required
non-sequential
42
Q

Sialography

A 
\+ contrast 
sterile, iodinated contrast
look at salivary ducts & glands 
anesthesia required 
non-sequential
43
Q

Angiocardiography

A

vascular system of heart

+ only

44
Q

Angiography

A

entire vascular system

+ only

45
Q

Cholecystography

A

bile ducts and gallbladder

+ most common

46
Q

Lymphography

A

lymphatic system

H2O or Oily +

47
Q

Fistulography

A

abdominal tract/opening

+ or -

48
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

“live” xrays used to study motion
look at esophagus, upper and lower GI tract
Anesthesia discouraged

49
Q

CT

A 
Computed Tomography 
Uses x-rays and computer to produce images that show anatomy in cross section
can show masses in mediastinum and brain
can use contrast agent 
anesthesia necessary
50
Q

MRI

A 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
does not use xrays
uses magnets to align the atoms 
con use contrast agent 
cross section pictures 
anesthesia necessary more detailed than CT
51
Q

Nuclear Scintigraphy

A

Radioactive material administered to pt.
images provied less detail, but more physiological info
the material emits gamma rays
sedation necessary
“biohazard” for 24-72 hours

52
Q

PET scan

A

Postion Emission Tomography
direct gamma rays
admin. FDG (glucose)

53
Q

Ultrasound

A

Used in vet med. since the 1980s
Provides detailed info about organ structure
Distinguishes between fluid and solid mass
“real time” images

Fluid= black 
Solid= grey/white
54
Q

Reverberation

A

Sound is redirected back to patient and received again by transducer
air scatters sound

55
Q

Echogenocity

A

how sensitive a substance is to sound
increased= white (solid)
decreased= black (fluids)

56
Q

Different frequency probes can be used depending on ____

A

size of animal

depth of organ or area

57
Q

Higher frequency probe

A

better for resolution and detail

decreased depth

58
Q

Info needed on ultrasound

A 
Name of pt. 
Name of owner
date of scan
area/object being scanned
Scan plane
59
Q

Saggital scan plane

A

cranial to caudal

60
Q

Transverse scan plane

A

sideways

Radiology -Scott Newman (4 decks)

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