Last Quiz!!!! Flashcards
Rowe and Kahn’s Model
- Low probability of disease and disability
- High cognitive and Physical function
- Engagement with life
Issue with Rowe and Kahn’s model?
Thought you had to meet all three requirements
Riffs model
Had a psychological view and focused on continued development
What are riffs 6 main components
Self acceptance
Autonomy
Purpose in life
Personal growth
POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS
ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY
What is longevity
Living into old age
Havighurst
Adding Life to years instead of adding years to life
What did the Harvard study of adult development find most important for aging
Relationships
What is the alameda 7
Sleeping 7-8 hours
Eating breakfast
Regular meals no eating in between
Maintaining healthy weight
Excerising regularly
Limiting alcohol consumption
Not smoking
Selection optimization compensation model
Focuses on the way older adults can balance development loses and gains
Three main components of selection optimization compensation model
Selection-narrowing activities down to what you value
Optimization- strengthen skills to achieve goals
Compensation- using aids to engage in an activity after you aren’t able to perform it anymore
Socioemotional selectivity theory
Goals change as you age based on how much time we have left to live
Positivity effect
Older people show a bias towards positive stimuli because it requires less cognitive ability
Who has fewer members in their social group?
Older adults because they focus on fulfilling relationships
Proactivity model of successful aging
As you age you accumulate lots of physical and social stressors
What does the pro activity model focus on
Using proactive and corrective behaviors to prepare for future disabilities or issues.
Transcendence
Moving beyond ordinary states
Sensing that existence or events in life have a meaning or purpose beyond the day-to-day
Self-transcendence
Ability to surmount their ego centric concerns and basic needs
Meaning
Subjective experience that things make sense
The world is orderly and predictable
Find patterns in life events
UNDERSTANDING OF LIFE
Purpose
Aspirations and objectives that guide our life in a particular directions
Significance
Evaluative
Subjective appraisal of the degree to which our lives matter
What does Martin Heidegger think
We are thrown into a life we did not choose
We still face the choice of what exactly to do with he cards we have been dealt
What does Albert Camus think
We are all condemned to toil in universe that doesn’t hold nay obvious objective meaning.
Happiness- we must commit ourselves to some kind of purpose
Meaningful for each person
What is considered meaningful can change from person to person and culture to culture
Who theorized logotherapy
Victor frankl
What is logotherapy
People have a will to meaning
A deep need to find meaning
Meaning exists objectively in the world and is found through acting on values
What are the three types of values in logotherapy
Creative, experimental, and attitudinal
Who theorized Terror Management Therory
Jeff Greenberg
Tom pyszcynski
Sheldon solomon
Terror management therapy
People realize that they will eventually die and that thought scares them
Meaning is relative and differs by culture.
When they behave in meaningful things in their culture, the thought of death is less
What are the key concepts with terror management theory
Terror
Culture
Self-esteem
Who theorized sense of coherence
Aaron antonovsky
Sense of coherence
People want a sense of coherence to cop and achieve desired outcomes in life
People find SOC when attempting to comprehend and manage their environment while perusing personally meaningful ends
What are the three components to SOC
Comprehensible it’s
Manageability
Meaningfulness
Who theorized four needs for meaning
Roy f baumeister
Four needs for meaning
No single reason people seek meaning, instead 4 basic needs for meaning
Connect past, present, and future, diverse roles, skills, and values, all centered around four needs of meaning
What are the four needs
Purpose
Value
Efficacy
Self-wortj
Noögenic neurosis
Mental idleness caused by a lack of meaning and purpose in life
Cohort
Group of people
Cross sectional
Collecting data all at once
Longitudinal
Collecting data over time
Maturation
Young people are more prone to depression than older people
Religion
Fixed system of ideas or ideological commitments
Spirituality
A personal,subjective, and transcendent experience
How many adults in the US identify as spiritual but not religious
1/4
Positive religious coping strategies
Strategizes that reflect a trusting relationship with God and a sense of spiritual connectedness to others
Negative religious coping
Reflects a less secure relationship with God
Includes spiritual discontentment
Interpersonal conflict about religious issues
Perception that stressors and punishments from God
How does healthier behavior link to R/S
Religion systems usually encourage people to take care of their bodies or minds.
How does coping link to R/S
Positive religious coping strategies reflect trusting relationship with God and a sense of spiritual connectedness to others. Allows them to cope with stressors easier and remain calmer
Social support link to R/S
Region often provides a community where one is know and cared for. It often provides social support that can improve ones social connection
Psychological states that is linked to R/S
R/S appears to directly promote positive emotions such as optimism, compassion, and forgiveness whic can reduce chronic stress
Intrinsic religious orientation
Sincerely believe in their religious and attempt to live their lives accordingly
Extrinsic religious orientation
Treat religion as a means to other ends
Quest religious orientation
Treat religion as a continuous quest for answers
What age has the most stress?
Middle age
Emotional Maturity hypothesis
We become better at regulating emotions in older age
Bales and Staudinger definition of wisdom
Good judgement and advice in important but uncertain matters of life
5 skills that characterize wisdom
Factual
Strategic knowledge
Life’s uncertainties
Contexts in which decisions are made
Relativism
Personal wisdom
Advance stage of personality development that involves the synthesis of cognitive affective and reflective personality characteristics
Where is the relation between wisdom and subjective well-being the strongest?
Those in nursing homes and hospice care
Blue zone locations
Sardinia
Okinawa
Nicoyia Peninsula
Ikaria
Loma Linda, California
9 blue zones
Move naturally
Purpose in life
Down shift
80% rule
Plant based foods
Wine at 5
Right tribe
Love ones first
Belonging/religious organization
Who tends to have superior health outcomes regardless of worse socioeconomic indicators when compared to white Americans
Latin American
Ways to practice expanding your perspective of aging
Interview of an older adult
Use the blue zone behaviors
Get inspired by older folk
Altruism
Act to promote someone else’s welfare, even at risk to ourselves.
Behavior motivated by the goal of increasing someone else’s welfare
4 types of altruism
Kin
Mutualism
Reciprocal
Competitive
Kin
Sacrifices for those who are closely related to us
Mutualism
Altruism towards people in your own team
Reciprocal
Helping each other
Competitive
Helping others to increase your own status
Evolutionary Assumption
There is no such thing as a selfless act, we do things to benefit ourselves
What are the two views of altruism
Egoism motivated view
Empathy motivated view
Egoism motivated view
You help because it looks good and it benefits you
Empathy motivated view
You just care, reduce needs of others
Theory of universal egoism
We behave in such a way to feel good about ourselves
Empathy
Ability to recognize, understand, and share thoughts and feelings of another person, animal, or fictional character
Also, being able to emotionally understand what other people feel
What does empathy enable
Pro-social and helping behaviors
Higher acts of kindness has a positive correlation with happiness
What are the three types of empathy
Affective empathy
Somatic empathy
Cognitive emapthy
Affective empathy
Ability to understand another persons emotions and respond appropriately
Somatic empathy
Having a physical reaction in response to what someone else is experiencing
Cognitive empathy
Understanding a persons mental state
What are characteristics of an empathetic person
Good listener
Good at picking up
Give advice
Overwhelmed by tragic events
Care deeply
What can cause a lack of empathy
Narcissistic tendencies
Flat affect
Behaviors uncaring or hurtful
How does empathy affect social group
We are more likely to be empathetic towards communities we are a part of
Ex. Women to women, color to color, social group to social group
How does empathy affect demographics
Women are more likely to be empathic than men
Older people are more likely to be empathetic than younger people
How does empathy affect personality
People who have agreeing personality they are more likely to be empathic toward one another
What are some downsides of empathy
Blind an individual of their own needs
Allow them to be taken advantage of
Overwhelmed/burnt out
What is empathy fatigue
Exhaustion both physically and mentally
Human cognitive capacity
What allows us to draw inferences about peoples beliefs, intentions, and thoughts
Compassion
Feelings that arise when you are confronted with another’s sufferings and feel motivated to relieve those feelings
What is self-compassion
Being present with out pain
Understanding and supporting ourselves
Embracing ourselves with flaws
Self esteem- only feel good when doing good
What are the six steps to self compassion
Increase self kindness
Common humanity
Mindfulness
Reduced self-judgement
Isolation
Over identification
Kindness
Quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate through an act of good care of self and others
What is the difference between kindness and altruism
Kindness: act of generosity-daily happenings
Altruism- mindset
What is the difference in kindness efforts
Low-simple tasks
Medium-more time, thought, resources
High-substantial amount of time, effort
How does kindness help us
Reduces stress
reduce anxiety
In both yourself and others
