Freaking QUIZ 1 Flashcards
What is growth mindset?
The ability to be developed and learn based off of error
What is positive psychology? Why do we need it?
Psychologist conduct research on the mind brain and behavior in order to learn why we feel happiness love and resilience.
Who are important people in positive psychology
Martin E.P. Seligman (began movement)
Aristotle (studied human virtue)
Religious figures (Jesus, Mohammad, Buddha)
Abraham Maslow
why do we need positive psychology
It provides us with scientific insight to a positive and happy mind and helps us to understand why we feel positive feeling. This is important because this can improve satisfaction in life and help us to live a happier life
Positive psychology
Optimal functioning
What about cultural differences
Positive psychology is biased towards western cultures. Western culture and Eastern culture can affect samples
Phenomenology
The study of subjective human experience
Reductionism
The practice of understanding a phenomenon by breaking it down into component parts
Negative instances and occurrences
Tend to hold more weight than positive
Well being is separated into two factors
Hedonic
Endaimonic
Hedonic well-being
Experiencing high levels of pleasure and low levels of displeasure
Subjective wellbeing
Composed of three factors, high levels of positive affect, low levels of negative affect, and high levels of life satisfaction
Eudaimonic wellbeing
Actualizing ones potentials or finding a sense of purpose in life
Authenic happiness model
Is by Seligman, and it attempts to bridge the gaps between ;;;hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives
Three routes of happiness
Pleasant life-maximizing pleasure able experiences through developing skills
Good life- orchestrating ones life to routinely engage in activities that draw ones personal strength
meaningful life- pursuing goals that one believes are meaningful or a connection for something larger than oneself
5 elements to good life PERMA
Positive emotions
Engagements
Relationships
Meaning
Accomplishments
Western culture
Hedonic perspective- individualism and value satisfaction
Eastern culture
Eudaimonic- collectivism and contentment, suffering is necessary
PERMA plus 4
Physical health
Economic security
Environment
Mindset
Positive Psychologists value
Empirical research over anecdotes
Scientific method
Observe
Ask a research question
Develop a hypothesis
Gather data
Analyze
Form a conclusion
What is a correlation
How strongly a pair of variables relate to one another and change each other
Confirmation bias
People tend to seek out, notice, and remember evidence that supports what they already believe rather than trying to find evidence that tests those beliefs
Empirical research
A set of practices that enables investigators to draw conclusions based on systematically collected evidence
Reliability
The consistency of a measure
Validity
Refers to the extent to which a method of measurement actually measures what it claims to measure
Replicability
Capability of two or more studies to produce the same result
Happiness set point
A point to which their happiness returns after major life events
What is the happiness pie
A circular graph depicting the factors they believe account for peoples levels of happiness
What are the factors in the happiness pie
Set point(50%)
Circumstances(10%)
Intentional Activities(40%)
Generalization
Act of taking the results from the same pool and applying them to a larger population
Happiness gap
Disadvantages of groups of color-particularly African Americans
Intersectionality
Meaning that people have complex multiple overlapping identities
Sensations
Fleeting experiences of pleasure
Hedonism
Suggests that the pursuit of pleasure or the satisfaction of desires is that proper aim of life and is an ethical pursuit
Sensations
Seconds/pleasure
Emotions
Minutes to hours/joy pride and love
Mood
Hours to weeks/cheery good humor
traits
Decades/positive affectivity extraversion
Emotions occupy space around two dimensions
Valence- very positive to very negative
Arousal- intensely arousing or activating to not at all arousing or activating
Positive affectivity
The degree to which you might think of yourself as a happy person
Behavioral action tendencies
Urge to engage in some specific behavior when experiencing a specific emotion
Duchenne smile
This is smiles that are believed to signal authentic or genuine happiness and involve the contraction of the orbiculares oculi muscle surrounding the eye
Internal validity
Degree of confidence that the causal relationship that you are testing is not influenced by other factors or variables
External validity
Generalizability to other types of people likely limited by having only a certain group in a sample
Upward spiral theory of lifestyle change
Those with positive emotion experiences might be healthier because they are active connected and completely engaged
Undoing hypothesis
Another mechanism through which positive emotions are hypothesized to be related to better physical health
Multimodal
Multiple methods for measure in constructs and hope that they converge in a way that provides reliable data
Broaden and build model by Barbara fredrickson
Used a mathematical formula to identify a critical positivity ratio that states to have a flourished life we must have a mean ratio of 2.9 positive thoughts for every negative thought
