Last part for Final Flashcards
Focal point-
Draws the eye.
Sympodial branching-
the branches split in half multiple times
How do you create movement?
Curvature of lines and flow
Flow-
how the eyes move through the landscape
comes from line, plant color, textures.
What do changes in texture do?
how do you create texture change?
evoke emotion
changes in leaf blades coarse and smooth.
Contrast can be
subtle or drastic, usually done with colors
A banion tree has what kind of roots?
Aerial roots.
What is classified as hardscaping?
Retaining walls, lighting Aqua features, Stone Feature.
What do you need to think about when designing a bed?
Functionality
texture/ contrast/ size / color
Annuals-
Botanically live only about one season or refered to as tender perennials. Give seasonal color.
Perennials-
plants adapted to a particular region and live botanically for an exteded period. Provide the foundation then accent with annuals. ex/ daylilly and daphidoils.
Characteristics of annuals-(3)
inexpensive
usually grown from seed
good for key impact areas(borders, entry ways, containers)
ex. impatias, begonias, marigolds, pansies, petunias.
Winter annuals-
Use in fall for fall color.
ex. Johnny jump up, pansy
snapdragon, sweet pea, viola.
Summer annuals-
Lantana(butterflys), Marigolds, impatiens, petunias
Most important process:
should spend as much time and money here as possible
All about the soil
Bed preperation
Silt/loam, good cec, poor natural drainage.
Match paper design with?
The area allowed.
Bed edges add what?
the should be ___ to ___ inches and at a ___ to ___ angle?
Definition
3-5’’
and 30-45 degree
Straight line are?
Curved lines are ?
formal
informal
New beds-
till how deep?
add what?(5)
soil test first. till 4-6'' deep add coarse/small stone gravel tailings add coarse organics, compost, lime preemergent, herbicide. till again 4-6''
Steps for planting-
rake bed smooth
dig hole 3-5x size of root mass
dont pant deeper than top of root ball
Backfill in layers- fill about halfway then soak.
Water heavy after building dam.(removes air and soak)
Organic mulch-
what is the best mulch-
tree products
shredded wood mulch
Why is shredded mulch the best mulch?
Longest lasting
most nutrituon
will not float or run under normal rain events.
best color
Benefits of mulch-
Moisture, retention, temp buffer, weed control, asthetics(contrast)
Pine straw-
Used in the south east states
Can cause acidity problems over time.
there is synthetic pine straw.
more open canopy for mulch w/ pine staw.
How else can you get entrance control?
w/ cloth pre emergence or post emergence
Rule of thumb for mulch-
2-4’’ in depth, 4’’ away from tree.
Not applied due to look vs. functionality
Before you mulch over turf what can you put down.
pre-emergence, and can use cardboard as a weed barrier around new planted tree.
Rules for mulching(5)
- supplement at least once a year in the spring, 2x is best.
- Re-establish edges of bed.
- put down pre-emergence(in spring)
- .Use newspaper or cardboard as weed barriers.
- Place mulch around plant carefully to keep moisture off plant.(hand spread)
Mulching helps _____ break down? and prevents______
organic matter, erosion.
In the _____ you should _____ mulch. and apply ____.
Fall, fluff ,colorant
Colorant should be mixed with_____ to get desired color, and you will get ____ months of good color?
H20
2
How often should bed edging be reestablished? and when?
2x a year(or more), late spring and late summer
How do you re establish the edge? what can you use?
pull mulch back, edge. return mulch
weed eater.
5 ways to minimize weed pressure w/ example of each?
- Site assessment- eliminate weed before prep
- Choice of plant material(upright- easier to control)(spread- more competition)
- Species selection- Tolerance to herbicides-(pre emergence)
- Site prep and establishment-(non-selective herbicides, fumigation, landscape fabrics.
- Mulches and herbicide choices.
Summer annual weeds- (5)
- prostrate knotweed
- prostrate spurge
- goosegrass
- crabgrass
- common groundsel
Winter annual weeds(6)
- Henbit
- Common chickweed
- Carolina geranium
- Deadnettle
- Sticky chickweed
- Annual bluegrass
Prostrate-
spreading
Perennial weeds-(8)
- Wild garlic
- White clover
- Ground ivy
- Wild violet
- dandelion
- Oxalis
- Bermudagrass
- Sedges
Crabgrass-
5-9 “fingers” prostrate
Goosegrass-
flat, 4-5 “fingers” has a kicker lower finger, milky white center.
Wild Garlic-
difference with wild onion?
hollow leaves, smooth and no peding(layering).
Wild onion has flat leaves and needs to be peeled.
Yellow nutsedge-
Tubors in roots, elongated leaf tips.
White clover-
mass of stolons
high protein, high nitrogen content,
globe shaped white inflorescence
Oxalis-( yellow woodsorrel)
heart shaped leaves, similar growth to white clover. podlike fruits.
Prostrate knotweed-
purple stems, swollen joints, ocrea. swollen nodes.
Prostrate spurge- (spotted spurge)
milky white fluid when cut, pinkish stems, obligate leaves.
Common chickweed-
Stoloniferous, 5 petal flower, teardrop leaves, produces lots of seeds. mouseear and sticky have pubessence.
Common groundsel-
thick fleshy stem, purple base fades out to top.
wild violet-
Basel rosset
very short petiole
cordate leaves
purple flower
Carolina geranium-
Disected lobed leaf, matt forming
central grows outward.
Annual bluegrass-
coolseason annual, shallow rooted. boat shaped tip
Common dandelion-
Basel rosset leaves. lobed and pointed back towards base. connected to dense taproot.
Ground ivy-
square stem, above ground, opposite leaves, square. 2,4D
Bermudagrass
Native to africa, perennial weed. in Worlds worst weed top 5
Purple nutsedge-
Triangle ,shorter leaves , 3 leaves, chain tubors.
Pre-plant herbicide-
2 types-
Control weeds before planting.
funigation
nonselective.
Fumigation-
expensive plants only, Biosides, kills all plants seeds and animals. 5-1000$ per acre.
Non selective herbicide-
Kill all plants.
Pre-emergence-
after plant is in ground if plant is tolerant to herbicide. Baracade
Post-emergence-
historically 90%, selective herbicides. after weed has emerged.
Soil Fumigates ex)
Dazomet,(Basamid)
Methyl Bromide,(Brom-o-gas)- most effective
Metam Sodium(Vapam)
Non-selective herbicides-
Glyphosate (roundup) Foliar
Diquat (reward) Contact
Glufosinate(Finale) Foliar/contact
Bromacil (Hyvar) Foliar/root
Dr. Tottens special recipe-
Roundup + Surflan (1 time per year) Controls existing undesirable vegetation Post-emergence and pre-emergence 2oz/1000ft2 roundup 1.5oz/1000ft2
Pre-emergence- examples
Oryzlan(surflan)
Isoxaben
Simazine (Princep T@O)
Oxadiazon-
Pre-emergence(Ronstar) kills goosegrass, annual grass control.
Prodiamine-
Pre-emergence(Barricade) Kills crabgrass
What is the main thing to focus on when buying/ using a herbicide?
READ THE LABEL
Post-Emergents
Bentazon
Clethodim-kills bermuda
Sethoxydim- Kills bermuda
Halosulfuron(Manage)- kills sedges
Useing pre-emergence herbicides-
Apply prior to seed germindation; forms barrier
Kills seeds as they emerge
2x a year march 1st and sept 15th (60-75)days protection
Using post emergence herbicides-
Best results on young actively growing plants
phytotoxicity may occur at temps over 85F
repeat application 10-14 days apart
May need surfactant.
Pre-emergent for annual grass-
Benefin
Bensulide
Oxadizaon- Ronstar
Prodiamine-Baracade
Post-emergent for annual grass-
Fenoxarop- bermudagrass
Clethodim-annual
Fluazifop
Control for wild garlic-
Manor
canoe
