Last Minute Revision Flashcards
Give examples of 4 molecules with dative Bonding used in medicine and their function
- Cis-platin - anti cancer agent
- Dimercaprol - treats Mercury, lead and arsenic poisoning
- D-penicillinamine - treats copper and arsenic poisoning
- Desferoxamine - treatment for iron overdose
Order of preference for principle group?
- Carboxylic acid
- Esters
- Acid Halides
- Amides
- Nitriles
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Alcohols
- Amines
- Double bond
- Triple bond
- Halogen
13.Nitro
Sp3 hybridisation
Found in saturated compounds - tetrahedral carbons
4 identical sp3 orbitals
Same energy - degenerate
The overlap produces sigma bonds
What is sp2 hybridisation found in? Properties
Alkenes, carbonyls and aromatic rings (flat molecules)
Sp2 orbitals point to corners of a triangle
-used for sigma bonding
- unhybridised p orbital perpendicular to them is used in pi bonding
sp hybridisation
In alkynes and nitriles (triple bonds)
sp orbitals are 180* to each other
sigma bonding
p orbital perpendicular is used for pi bonding
How are sigma bonds formed?
- Formed by direct overlap
- Electron density is along the line of the bond, directly between the atoms.
- Symmetric wrt 180 ̊ rotation about the bond
What causes pi bond formation?
overlap of p orbitals
* Electron density above and below the plane of the bond
* No electron density directly between the bonded
atoms.
* Antisymmetric wrt 180 ̊ rotation about the bond
Are sigma or pi bonds stronger?
- Pi bonds are higher in energy than sigma bonds, therefore weaker
and more easily broken.
Increased bond length does what to the bond stregnth?
weakens it
multiple carbon carbon bonds are shorter therfore stronger
Decay Equations
Which combination of bond pairs and lone pairs (respectively have linear molecular structure)
1 bond 2 lone
1 bond 3 lone
2 bond 3 lone
2 bond 4 lone
