1.11: Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is the valency of Carbon?
4
What is a primary Carbon?
A carbon bonded to ONE other carbon atom (or heteroatom)
What is a secondary?
A carbon bonded to two other carbon atoms
What is a tertiary carbon?
A carbon bonded to three other atoms
What is a quaternary carbon?
A carbon bonded to four other carbon atoms
What is a hydrocarbon?
Contain ONLY C and H
What are saturated hydrocarbons?
Example?
Those with only single C-C bonds
Eg. Alkanes
What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
3 examples?
Contain C=C bonds / multiple (more than double)
Eg. Alkenes, aromatics, alkynes
What are the general formulas of:
-Linear Alkanes
- Cycloalkanes
Give an example of each
Linear Alkanes: CnH2n+2
Eg. hexane C6H14
Cycloalkanes: CnH2n
Eg. cyclohexane C6H12
What are the general formulas of:
- Alkenes (monoalkenes)
- Cycloalkenes
- Alkynes
Give an example of each
- Alkenes; CnH2n
Eg. hex-1-ene C6H12 - Cycloalkenes: CnHn
Eg. Benzene C6H6 - Alkynes: CnH2n-2
Eg. hex-1-yne C6H10
Define Aliphatic
Open chained / non aromatic
Define Alicyclic
Compounds containing a ring of carbon atoms
Define Aromatic
Give 2 examples
Contain a flat ring where all the atoms are unsaturated.
4n+2 delocalized electrons
Eg. Benzene, aniline
Define Heterocyclic
Give 3 examples
Contain a ring made up of carbon and at least one other element such as N, S or O.
Eg. Pyridine, tetrahydrofuran and epoxide
What is the general structure of an Alkyl halide?
Give and example and the functional group
R-X (where X = F, Cl, Br, I)
Example: Methyl bromide
Functional group: -X (halo)
What is the general structure of an Alcohol?
Give an example and the functional group
R-OH
Example: Methanol
Functional group: -OH (hydroxy)
What is the general structure of an Ether?
Give an example and the functional group
R-O-R
Example: Dimethyl ether
Functional group: -OR (alkoxy)
What are the general structures of an Amines?
Give an example and the functional group
R-NH2, R2NH, R3N
Example: Methylamime
Functional group: amino
What is the general structure of a Thiol?
Give an example and the functional group
R-SH
Example: Methanethiol
Functional group: -SH (Thio/Mercapto)
What is the general structure of a sulfide?
Give an example and the functional group
R-S-R
Example: H3C-S-CH3 Methylthio methane (Dimethlysulfude)
Functional group: -SR (Alkathio)
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