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Research Methodology > Last minute Qs > Flashcards

Last minute Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What two stages of interpretation are important to hermeneutics?

A

1.Uncovering interpretation (finding how others have categorised the world)
2.Assigning interpretation (creating new categories)

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2
Q

Where is induction used?

A

Qualitative research - moving from the domain of observations, to making findings, to creating theories

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3
Q

Where is deduction used?

A

Quantitative research - moving from a theory, to creating a hypothesis and testing it, to validation

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4
Q

What is most important to action research?

A

Solving problems! Studying real life problems without coming up with solutions is unhelpful

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5
Q

What is an artifact in IT-research?

A

Something created by human beings that cannot exist without human involvement - anything from a computer to a set of values

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6
Q

What kind of artefacts does design research create?

A

Constructs, methods, models, instantiations, theories

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7
Q

In technical action research, what are the three roles of the researcher?

A

Designer, helper, researcher

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8
Q

What is the difference between action research and technical action research?

A

In action research the researcher wants to solve a problem for a client, in technical action research the problem is only a way to learn about a specific technique

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9
Q

Four important factors to ethics in research?

A

Reliability, honesty, respect, accountability

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10
Q

What two types of interpretation are important to IS (Information Systems) studies?

A

Both positivist and interpretive

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11
Q

Why is deduction an important tool to computer science?

A

The scientific foundation is based on logic and discrete mathematics

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12
Q

What is the most common research approach in computer science?

A

Controlled experiments with statistical analysis and inference

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13
Q

What is IT?

A

The study of systemic approaches to develop secure computing technologies that fulfill our goals

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14
Q

Are literature mapping studies quantitative or qualitative in nature?

A

Qualitative - they are about making sense of the material and creating a structure

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15
Q

Are systematic literature reviews qualitative or quantitative in nature?

A

Quantitative to a large extent, validity threats need to be resolved

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16
Q

What are the three high-level phases of a systematic literature review?

A

Planning, conducting and reporting the review

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17
Q

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary study?

A

A secondary study is the literature review itself; primary studies are the studies used as sources within the literature review

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18
Q

What is the primary benefit of using surveys as a research method?

A

Asking many people in a time-efficient way, with flexible delivery options

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19
Q

What is the downside of using surveys as a research method?

A

No chance to ask follow-up questions or verify how questions are interpreted

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20
Q

What are the three important qualities needed in a survey?

A

-Relevance to research Qs
-Easy to interpet
-Interpreted the same by all participants

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21
Q

What are the three steps of survey development?

A

-Define variables
-Develop Qs to measure variables
-Pilot and validate

22
Q

What are different types of questions that can be used in a survey?

A

Knowledge, Likert scale, open/closed

23
Q

What are the two ways we can validate our survey questions/approach?

A

-Expert review
-Pilot study

24
Q

In the context of validating surveys, what is a cognitive interview?

A

A hybrid between an expert review and a pilot study where participants do the survey while monitored by a researcher

25
Q

What is necessary to do before a survey to uphold ethics requirements?

A

For participants to sign a consent form outlining the purpose and methodology of the survey, along with information about who’s behind the survey

26
Q

What is a sample?

A

A subset of our population we can assume is representative of the population at large

27
Q

How is stratified sampling different from random sampling?

A

The population is narrowed down by criteria like age/gender and a random sample is taken from that sub-population

28
Q

What is the difference between convenience sampling and purposive sampling?

A

Asking whoever is close at hand vs asking the most high-value individuals for the area in question

29
Q

Three types of bias in surveys?

A

-Confirmation bias
-Survey fatigue bias
-Question bias

30
Q

In the context of experiment design, what are design points?

A

Unique combinations of independent variable settings

31
Q

An independent variable needs to have two what?

A

Levels; these are the test conditions

32
Q

What is a control variable?

A

A variable that is kept constant while testing the effect of the independent variable

33
Q

What are the two ways of assigning conditions to participants?

A

Within-subject testing where each participant is tested on each condition, or between-subject testing where each participant is tested on one condition

34
Q

What is the problem of using too many participants in an experiments?

A

Achieving statistical significance for effects of no practical value

35
Q

What are usability lab-studies?

A

Participants are brought into a lab, one-on-one with the researcher and given scenarios that lead to tasks relevant to a product/service

36
Q

What are internal validity threats?

A

Reasons why inferences about the causal relationship between two variables might be incorrect

37
Q

What are external validity threats?

A

Reasons why inferences about why study results would hold over variations in inviduals/setting are incorrect

38
Q

What is a good thing to do after the experiment to get a better estimate of experimental error?

A

Replication

39
Q

Academic writing should be…

A

Clear, concise, objective

40
Q

How do we test if our results are statistically significant?

A

By assessing if the probability of observing the results we have achieved, even if our sample is not representative of the population at large, is above our selected significance level (95%)

41
Q

What is the p-value?

A

The probability of getting these results even if the null hypothesis is true

42
Q

What is α?

A

Significance level

43
Q

If p-value is less than α, what do we do?

A

We reject the null hypothesis

44
Q

What are the requirements for a t-test?

A

-Interval or ratio data
-Small samples require normal distribution, medium samples close to normal distribution but large samples work regardless of distribution

45
Q

In a distribution test, what does it mean for a p-value to be above 0.05?

A

Normal distribution

46
Q

What is a Rank-Sum test?

A

-aka Mann-Whitney U-test
-Used to test independent variables
-Ranks individual MEASURES instead of using means

47
Q

What are the requirements for a Rank-Sum test?

A

-At least ORDINAL data
-Independent variable divided into two groups
-Distribution should ideally be similar

48
Q

In what situation would we use a Sign Test?

A

Cases with paired observations where t-test is not okay

49
Q

What are the requirements for a CHI2 test?

A

-Works for all data levels
-No cells can have an expected count of 0
-At least 80% of the cells must have a count of 5 or more

50
Q

What does it mean to find a linear correlation between two variables?

A

For one variable to increase with the other

51
Q

Six steps of thematic analysis?

A

1.Familiarising
2.Generating codes
3.Searching for themes
4.Reviewing themes
5.Defining and naming themes
6.Producing report

Research Methodology (5 decks)

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