last minute hand exam

Question 1

what muscles are in the pulleys (there are 5 pulleys starting at the base of the metacarpal head)

Answer 1

FDS which stops after PIP
FDP which goes to the DIP

Question 2

the sagittal band goes around what structures

Answer 2

the volar plates to stabilize them over the metacarpal heads
Connects the volar plate to the extensor digitorum communis tendon and extensor expansion

Question 3

What does the volar plate do?

Answer 3

reinforces the IP joint capsule, improves stability and limits hyperextension

Question 4

interphalangeal ligaments (collateral ligament proper, accessory collateral ligament) both provide stability MCP and IP joints during AROM as as with _______

Answer 4

varus and valgus stress

Question 5

the collateral ligament proper gets taut with

Answer 5

MCP flexion

Question 6

Accessory collateral ligament becomes more taut with MCP ______

Answer 6

extension

Question 7

IP joints

Answer 7

synovial hinge joint, 1 degree of freedom, flexion extension and VOLAR plates reinforce IP capsules

Question 8

metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints

Answer 8

2 degrees of freedom
flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
joint reinforced by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament

Question 9

palmar arches, 3 of them

Answer 9

proximal transverse arch, at carpals
distal transverse arch, at the MCP
longitudinal arch, making the C

Question 10

the opponens digiti minim (ODM) is the only muscle to exclusively impact movement of a

Answer 10

CMC joint

Question 11

the opponens digiti minimi

Answer 11

only muscle to exclusively impact movement of a CMC joint
to flex and rotate the 5th metacarpal along its long axis
only muscle to act on finger CMC joint, the opponens digiti minimi

Question 12

Deep transverse metacarpal ligament

Answer 12

spans between 2nd and 4th metacarpal heads
contributes to CMC stability and limits abduction
blends with the anterior joint capsule of each digit
it prevents entrapment of the FDP with MCP flexion and maintains the interossei in a position dorsal to the ligament

Question 13

one of the most common pathologies of the hand, affects TRAPEZIUM and 1st metacarpal due to degenerative changes, pain is elicited with prehension, common elective surgery of the hand

Answer 13

CMC arthritis

Question 14

primary function of thumb is

Answer 14

opposition = abduction followed by flexion followed by adduction

Question 15

provides almost all forms of prehension

Answer 15

thumb

Question 16

FDS

Answer 16

produces most torque at the MCP joint than the FDP

Question 17

FDP

Answer 17

can flex all 3 joints of the fingers?

Question 18

Dorsal interossi (DAB)

Answer 18

abducts around 3rd digit

Question 19

Palmar interossei (PAD)

Answer 19

ADDucts around the 3rd digit

Question 20

intrinsic finger mm - flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 20

palmar interossei - from carpals to proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Question 21

intrinsic finger mm - abductor digital minimi (ADM)

Answer 21

dorsal interossei - carpals to proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Question 22

extensor mechanism

Answer 22

triangular ligament, oblique retinacular ligament, sagittal bands
All help to prevent bowstringing during extension of MCP
Also formed by a bunch small extensor tendons

Question 23

extensor mechanism influence on MCP and IP function

Answer 23

extensor digitorum communis contracts
tension on sagittal bands
proximal phalanx rolls/glides dorsally on metacarpal
interossei, dorsal, volar, lumbricals do IP extension

Question 24

functional position of the hand

Answer 24

wrist - slight extension, slight ulnar deviation
MCP and PIP - moderate flexion
DIP - slight flexion

Question 25

the elbow joint capsule is fairly weak, and large and loose, t/f

Answer 25

t