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kin > Kin ch2 levangie > Flashcards

Kin ch2 levangie Flashcards

1
Q

structurally joints can be classified as 3 types in regards to the tissue

A

firbous, cartilaginous, synovial

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2
Q

the joint categories can be classified as 3 types of -rosis’s

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

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3
Q

joints with no movement are ______, and typically are made with dense tissue in the structural category of _____

A

synarthrotic, fibrous

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4
Q

joints with moderate movement _______, typically are made with _______ tissue

A

amphiarthrotic, hyaline (articular) cartilage

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5
Q

joints with a lot of movement _________, typically are made with _______ tissue

A

diarthrodial, synovial

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6
Q

fibrous joints

A

really really tight binding of connective tissue to attach bone to bone

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7
Q

fibrous joints examples

A

gomphosis - between each tooth and mandible, sutures in skull, syndesmosis - between the tibia and fibula

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8
Q

cartiliginous joints (fibrocartilage joints/hyaline cartilage joints)

A

pretty tight binding of connective tissue to attach bone to bone

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9
Q

cartiliginous joints / fibrocartilage joints / hyaline cartilage joints examples

A

synchondrosis joint - first seven ribs with sternum, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

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10
Q

synovial joints

A

joints indirectly linked to each other and the ends of the bones are able to move freely in relation to each bone, held together with the fingers of ligaments and glue of the capsule stuff

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11
Q

synovial joint examples

A

tibiofemoral, knee, glenohumeral

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12
Q

the 5 big things that make a synovial joint a synovial joint

A

1 joint cavity
2 fibrous capsule
3 synovial membrane
4 hyaline cartilage
5 synovial fluid film

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13
Q

4 other things that make a synovial joint a synovial joint, may or may not be there

A

i.e. knee examples of this
bursa (prepatellar)
capsular ligament (patellar ligament)
fat pad
articular disk (meniscus)

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14
Q

synovial joint
vs
synarthrotic joint

A

tons of movement / synovial stuff
no movement / no synovial stuff

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15
Q

osteokinematics vs arthrokinematics

A

bones that be moving vs the joint action (articulation of bones)

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16
Q

define roll, slide and spin

A

roll - rolling of one joint surface on another
slide - linear component
spin - the point spinning changes but the point of contact on stable does not

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17
Q

convex - concave rule

A

if concave is the moving part - the ends of the bones are moving in opposite directions

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18
Q

loose packed position

A

position where joint structures are more laxed , and joint play can occur

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19
Q

closed packed position

A

point in the ROM where minimal or no joint play between the articular surfaces is expected

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20
Q

soft end feel

A

soft tissue approximation

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21
Q

firm end feel

A

ligament feel

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22
Q

hard end feel

A

body end feel

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23
Q

bone, capsule, menisci are typically which type of collagen?

A

type 1

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24
Q

cartilage is typically which type of collagen?

A

type 2

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25
Q

tendon and ligament typically has which two types of collagen?

A

type 1 and type 3

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26
Q

type 3 collagen is typically in which connective tissue structures?

A

ligament and tendon

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27
Q

connective tissues are characterized by widely dispersed _____ and a large volume of __________

A

cells, extracellular matrix

28
Q

extracellular matrix?

A

-the part of the connective tissue outside the cells
-comprises almost the entire volume of connective tissue and determines the tissues function
contains proteins and water and is organized into its fibrillar and surrounding interfibrillar components

29
Q

the extracellular matrix has interfibrillar ( _________ substance) and fibrillar (fibrous) components.

A

ground

30
Q

nerve and muscle tissue depend on cell structure to determine function, while connective tissue function depends heavily on the __________ components

A

extracellular

31
Q

cells of the intracellular matrix involve fibroblasts, the basic cell of most ________ tissue

A

connective

32
Q

types of fibroblasts in different connective tissues ?

A

chondroblasts - cartilage
tenoblasts - tendon
osteoblasts - bone

33
Q

when those blasts grow up and get old they are called ?

A

cytes - and are old now and less metabolically active and just hang out in the extracellular matrix as interfibrillar components (ground substance)

34
Q

all them blasts be making ?

A

connective tissue for type of tissue

35
Q

type 1 2 and 3 collaged are ______-forming

A

fibril

36
Q

which type of collagen makes up 90% of total collagen in body?

A

type 1

37
Q

type 1 is found in …

A

tendons, ligaments, menisci, fibrocartilage, joint capsules, synovium, bones, labrums, and skin

38
Q

type 1 and type 3 are responsible for the _______ strengths in the body

A

tensile

39
Q

type 2 collagen is responsible for the resistance against ________ forces.

A

compressive - found in cartilage and intervertebral discs

40
Q

type 3 collagen is found in ….

A

tendon sheaths and in healing tissues and other places like type 1

41
Q

it appears that type 1 and 3 collagen are more similar in function for tensile strength than type ____ .

A

type 2 - type 2 appears to be more for counteracting compressive forces

42
Q

the interfibrillar component of extracellular matrix of connective tissue also knowns as the ground substance is made up of water and _______

A

proteins (proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans - a lot of the proteins do shit to attract water to the tissue - these proteins can determine the function of the tissue as well

43
Q

ligaments have a lot of _________ and a small amount of cells

A

extracellular matrix

44
Q

ligaments have a lot of _______ forces coming at them from all angles so the collagen fibers are arranged all over the place

A

tensile

45
Q

the increased type 1 collagen in tendons vs ligaments is most likely due to larger tensile forces it has to deal with, type 1 collagen is typically _______ than type 3 collagen

A

stronger, type 1 is typically stronger than type 3

46
Q

tendons have ______ wrapped around them

A

sheaths, type 3 sheaths around the type 1 collagen :)

47
Q

Tendon fibers are usually arranged straighter and more parallel than ligament fibers? true of false

A

true

48
Q

cartilage has 3 types -

A

fibrocartilage, hyaline (articular) cartilage, elastic cartilage

49
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

lines the articulating ends of bones and is one of the distinguishing features of a synovial joint

50
Q

elastic cartilage

A

found in ears and epiglottis and has more elastin than fibrocartilage has

51
Q

fibrocartilage

A

forms the bonding material in many cartilaginous joints such as the interbody articulations in the spine and costosternal joints, maybe some discs and some plates as well

52
Q

hyaline (articular-bone on bone action) cartilage has which type of blasts/cytes?

A

chondroblasts

53
Q

hyaline cartilage ____-cellular and avascular, relies on ______ for blood/nutrient supply, contains only terminally differentiated cells

A

HYPO-cellular and avascular, relies on DIFFUSION for blood / nutrient supply
(so basically for diffusion it needs some compression shit going on to get blood comin and a goin)

54
Q

hyaline cartilage has some zones that move into bone

A

1 tangential zone type 2 collagen arranged parallel to joint surface, 2 transitional zone, 3 radial zone uncalcified part and calcified part and a final calcified layer of cartilage as the 4th zone

55
Q

fibrocartilage cells involve

A

fibroblasts, fibrocytes and on occasion fibrochondrocytes

56
Q

fibrocartilage (discs and pubic symphysis) in comparison to hyaline cartilage (joints/synovial) has a small percentage of water and has more collagen. Fibrocartilage traps water with the _______ of collagen while hyaline cartilage _______ water with proteins

A

structure, attracts

57
Q

hyaline has no blood supply and fibrocartilage has a low blood supply so need to do some ________ through loading to get that good blood in there for both of these cartilages baby!

A

diffusion

58
Q

_____ is the hardest of all connective tissues

A

bone

59
Q

bone mainly has type ___ collagen and inorganic mineral crystals

A

1

60
Q

stress and strain

A

two tissues coming together (compression stress)
the change in length of each (compression strain)
two tissues being pulled apart at each other (tensile stress)
the change in length of each (tensile stress)
perpendicular to each other (torsional stress)

61
Q

load deformation curve vs stress strain

A

load deformation is more about the structural properties of tissue
stress strain is more about the material properties

62
Q

type I joint receptor- Ruffini - does what - is where

A

senses stretch, usually at extremes of motion
in fibrous layer of joint capsules on flexion side of joints, periosteum, ligaments, and tendons

63
Q

Type II joint receptor - Pacini / pacini-form - does what - is where

A

compression or changes in hydrostatic pressure and joint movement
in joint capsule, particularly in deeper layers and in fat pads

64
Q

Type III joint receptor - golgi / golgi-mazzoni - does what - is where

A

senses pressure and forceful joint motion in to extremes of motion
in inner layer (synovium) of joint capsules, ligaments and tendons

65
Q
A
66
Q

type IV (4) joint receptors - Unmyelinated free nerve endings - does what - is where

A

senses non noxious and noxious mechanics stress or biomechanical stress
In blood vessels in synovial layer of capsule and in adjacent fat pads and collateral ligaments, tendons, and the periosteum

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