Last Dance Flashcards
Describe the gross structure of the mammalian liver
-Liver Lobules: (Cylinders of hepatocytes arranged in rows & connected at the centre) are connected to:
-Hepatic Vein: Takes deoxygenated blood away from the liver & is attached to - hepatic portal vein:contains products of digestion & Hepatic artery supplies oxygenated blood via Sinusoid capillaries
-Bile Duct: Transports bile to the gall bladder for storage
Outline the functions of the mammalian liver
Site of gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, glycogeneisis
Stores glycogen
Deaminates excess amino acids, forming ammonia & organic acids. ACids can be respired or converted into glycogen. Ammonia is detoxified by addition of Co² in ornithine cycle
Detoxifies chemicals e.g. converts alcohol to ethanal then acetic acid
Name the two main divisions of the nervous system
Structural organisation:
● Central nervous system (Comprised of brain & spinal cord. Specialised system of nerve cells processes stimuli & propagates impulses.)
● Peripheral nervous system (all neurons that are not part of the CNS).
Name the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system.
Functional organisation:
● somatic (under conscious control)
● autonomic (not under conscious control)
Name the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic: often stimulates effectors (fight-or-flight response), neurotransmitter noradrenaline, ganglia near CNS.
Parasympathetic: often inhibits effectors (rest/digest response), neurotransmitter acetylcholine, ganglia far from CNS.
Act antagonistically to regulate response of effectors
Identify the function and location of the cerebellum
● Controls execution (not initiation) of movement e.g. timing, balance, coordination, posture.
● Possible role in cognition e.g. attention & language
Refer to GoodNotes
Identify function and location of the medulla oblongata
Controls a range of autonomous functions, including breathing and heart rate (location of cardioacceleratory/ deceleratory centres).
Refer to Goodnotes
