LAST COMMUNITY TEST EVAR!!!! hopefully...

Question 1

What is learning? Why do we need to think about how others learn?

Answer 1

Learning is a change in a person as a result
of experience or the interaction of a person
with his or her environment. to teach effectively

Question 2

Behavioral learning theories

Answer 2

• Behaviors caused by external events/stimuli
• Teacher arranges external environment
• Rewards & punishment shape behaviors
• Internal mental states not important

explanations of learning based of observable changes in behavior

Question 3

Positive reinforcers vs. negative reinforcers vs. punishers

Answer 3

positive = rewards
negative = strenthen behaviors, escape from negative
punishers = weaken, bad things

Question 4

Extinction

Answer 4

weakening to ending of behavior

Question 5

Shaping

Answer 5

Giving positive reinforcement for the correct portion and altering the rest

Question 6

Timing of reinforcement

Answer 6

Schedule the reinforcement with client
• Early on, reinforce immediately & often
• Later, use intermittent reinforcement

Question 7

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 7

People learn form others’ successes/failures
• Observing others affects one’s learning
• Models should be admired & similar
• Professionals need to be good role models
• Children model after parents’ eating

Question 8

Table 10-1

Answer 8

behavioral- find out what reinforcers are valued
social- be good role model
Learning- identify preferences for styles
adult- self directed,
Cognititve- explore prior knowledge, ask questions

Question 9

Cognitive theories

Answer 9

Focus on internal, unobservable mental processes
• Example: thinking, problem solving
• Learning is an active, not passive, process
• People pursue goals & information
• Prior knowledge influences learning &
remembering

Question 10

Table 10-2

Answer 10

Pic

Question 11

Memory (short-term/working vs. long-term)

Answer 11

Past information is stored in memory
• Build on learner’s frame of reference
• If no frame exists, help learner create one
• Prior experience can be reorganized

Information retained for 5 to 20 seconds
• Repeat it several times to remember
• Group individual bits of information
• Make associations with long-term memory
• Give written information as well

Find out what person knows already
• Relate new information to what is known
• Integrate new with stored information
• Meaningful information retained better
• Visual plus verbal messages retained better

Question 12

What is transfer of learning? How can we use it?

Answer 12

Learning enhanced if in actual/simulated
situation
• Use examples of the range of problems
• Transfer of learning is not automatic

Question 13

Andragogy (difference between adult and child learners)

Answer 13

Adult learners differ from children
• Adults become aware of a need to know
• Adults are self-directed, not dependent
• Expanding experiences are a resource for
learning
• Readiness to learn is based on social roles
• Learning is problem centered, not subject
centered
• Learning is present oriented, not future
oriented
• Adult motivation is internal, not external
• Professional is a facilitator or change agent

Question 14

Learning styles

Answer 14

• People have preferred ways of studying/learning
– Learn by reading
– Prefer hands-on (tactile learners)
– Visual learners
– Learn by listening (auditory learners)
– Learn alone or in groups

Question 15

Teaching styles

Answer 15

The sum of what the teacher does 
• Example: methods, activities, organization, 
interaction 
• Many teach as they were taught 
• Are you an expert or facilitator?

Question 16

Diffusion of Innovations (what is it and what are the 5 stages in the innovation-decision process?)

Answer 16

• Process by which adults adopt new ideas or 
practices 
1. Knowledge of the innovation 
2. Persuasion 
3. Decision to adopt or reject 
4.Implementation of new idea 
5. Confirmation of decision

Question 17

Technology learning tools

Answer 17

pc laptop cell phone

Question 18

Environment (psychological vs. physical)

Answer 18

Supportive, friendly, caring 
• Tolerance for mistakes 
• Respect for others 
• Collaboration/encourage questions 
• Informal atmosphere 

Temperature, lighting, ventilation
• Comfortable chairs in circle
• Ability to see & hear

Question 19

Steps to effective education

Answer 19

1. Needs assessment
2. Performance objectives (domains of learning)
3. Educational Content (learning plans & learning groups)
4. Methods and techniques, ect. (lectures, discussion, simulation, demonstration, visual & Table
   12-1 and Figure 12-1)
5. Learning experiences
6. Evaluation (purpose, types, data collection techniques, terms reliability & validity)
7. Documentation
8. Assess learning needs of individual/group
   (preassessment)
9. Write performance objectives in three
   domains of learning (cognitive, affective, &
   psychomotor)
10. Determine content based on assessment &
    objectives
    4.Select methods, techniques, materials, &
    resources
11. Implement learning (intervention) & allow
    practice
    6.Evaluate progress & outcomes
    (postassessment)
    7.Document outcomes & results

Question 20

Lesson plans

Answer 20

Summary information about instruction 
• Preassessment/needs assessment 
• Performance objectives 
• Content outline (introduction, body, 
conclusion) 
• Sequence of content
Activities to reach objectives 
• Techniques/methods of instruction 
• Educational materials, visuals 
• Facilities; time allotted 
• Method to evaluate results/outcomes 
• References

Question 21

Sequencing instruction

Answer 21

Progressive development of knowledge,additives,and skills

Learning takes place over time

Question 22

Box 12-1

Answer 22

Lecture is easy and effiecent,conveys most info but learner is passive and may be dull

Discussion is more interesting and has active participation but learner may be unprepared or shy

Projects are more motivating but size limited

Labs are experiencial learning but requires space

Simulation requires critical thinking but is time consuming

Demstratiin is realistic in visual image but requires equipment

Question 23

Preparing an effective presentation (analysis of what 3 things?)

Answer 23

. Introduction (5–10 minutes) 
• Create interest 
• Describe how topic meets needs 
• Provide data & scope of problem 
• Outline learning objectives
Body of presentation 
• Present data, details, documentation, & sources 
• Use visuals & handouts 
• Plan participative experiences 
• Audience expected to do something at the end
Summary (5–10 minutes) 
• Verbal clue of ending (e.g., In conclusion…) 
• Provide take-home message 
• Review learning objectives 
• Allow time for questions 
• Bring business cards

Question 24

3 components of an effective presentation

Answer 24

Intro bidy conclusion

Question 25

Implementing an effective presentation (visuals, delivery, environment, voice, gestures, appearance)

Answer 25

audience connection-worthy n knowledgable

Question 26

Implementing an effective presentation (visuals, delivery, environment, voice, gestures, appearance)

Answer 26

U just saw dis beeetch

Question 27

Benefits of visual media

Answer 27

Enhances delivery of message
Enhances learning and retention
More interesting

Question 28

Planning and using visual media

Answer 28

Copyright permission

Multiple formats

Question 29

Know the principles we talked about in class

Answer 29

d

Question 30

Kinds of visual media

Answer 30

Bulletin boards
Charts
Posters

Question 31

Why is a team approach beneficial when working with groups?

Answer 31

Team approach is superior
– Members more likely to cooperate
– Promotes harmony & less resistance
– Cost effective & efficient
– Manager is a facilitator

Question 32

What are some of the responsibilities and characteristics of an effective team leader?

Answer 32

• Do not dominate
• Motivate members to focus on team goals
• Problems are resolved by discussion
• Members communicate openly & frankly
• Members feel committed to team decisions

Question 33

How do we get a group to work cohesively?

Answer 33

Members are loyal & congenial
• Members talk in terms of “we”
• Members work together toward common 
goals
• Feelings of belonging & acceptance found
Self-esteem increases
• Members feel committed to decisions
• New employees change the dynamics

Question 34

How can a manager become an effective facilitator?

Answer 34

Understand value of group decision making
• Function to help group get started
• Establish group climate
• Guide & support group

Question 35

Functions of the facilitator.

Answer 35

Initiating
• Information/opinion seeking
• Clarifying
• Coordinating
• Orienting
• Supporting
• Harmonizing
• Relieving tension
• Gatekeeping

Question 36

Advantages of group participation in decision making?

Answer 36

All members hear information together
• Interpersonal relationship problems are solved
• Motivation can be enhanced
• Resistance to change is reduced
• There is greater commitment to changes
• Synergy can occur