LAST BIT OF REVISION!!!

Question 1

Why is Aluminium titanium harder than pure Aluminium

Answer 1

Titanium ions distort the regular arrangement of atoms

Size of atoms greater/smaller

Layers slide over each other

Question 2

Why is the Ionic Radius greater in non metals ions

Answer 2

More e - –> more repelled

–> valence e- further from the nucleus

Question 3

Pv = nRT (symbols)

Answer 3

P = Kpa

V = dm^3

Question 4

Why is the Atomic Radius of Aluminium is greater than Silicon

Answer 4

Silicon greater number of protons

Causes stronger pull on the outer e- valence shells

–> Same number of shells

Question 5

Why is the Ionic Radius of Na greater than Na

Answer 5

Na -> Na+

• –> Lower Energy Levels

–> Less shielding

–> Greater effective nuclear charge

Question 6

How does volume affect equilibrium?

Answer 6

High volume –> Low pressure

Question 7

Hydrogenation of Alkenes Equation and what is neeeded

Answer 7

H2 + C2H4 –> C2H6

High Pressure + Temp

Catalyst: Nickel

Question 8

Hydration of Alkenes

Answer 8

C2H4 + H2O –> C2H5OH

Catalyst: H2SO4

Question 9

How volatiles are esters?

Answer 9

Very volatile

Question 10

Equation for Esterification

Answer 10

Ethanoic Acid + Ethanol –> H2O + Ethyl Ehanoate

Question 11

Initiation Equation

Answer 11

Cl2 –> 2Cl’

Question 12

Propagation Equation

Answer 12

CH3’ + CH4 –> ‘CH3 + HCl

‘CH3 + Cl2 –> CH3Cl + Cl’

Question 13

Termination

Answer 13

Cl’ + Cl’ –> Cl2

‘CH3 + ‘CH3 –> C2H6

Question 14

Explain the general increasing trend in the first ionization energies of the period 3elements, Na to Ar.

Answer 14

increasing number of protons

OR

increasing nuclear charge

«atomic» radius/size decreases

OR

same number of shells

OR

similar shielding «by inner electrons»

«greater energy needed to overcome increased attraction between nucleus andelectrons»

Question 15

IHD equation

Answer 15

IHD = 2X + 2-Y/2

Question 16

What is an electrophile

Answer 16

Species that are electron deficient + positive charge

Question 17

Why does Benzene not do addition reactions

Answer 17

Decline in stability as Delocalised e- become unstable

Question 18

What is the purpose of the ozone layer

Answer 18

Absorbs harmful Uv radiation from the sun

Question 19

How are ozone levels maintained

Answer 19

By a continuous cycle of synthesis and breakdown reactions by the action of energy from UVC and UVB

Question 20

Outline, giving a reason, how the bond polarity changes going down group 17.

Question 21

Repeating Units

Answer 21

see

Question 22

Graphite Structure

Answer 22

each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms

layered structure consisting of carbon atoms arranged in fused hexagonal rings

The layers are held together by relatively weak London dispersion forces.

Question 23

Fullerene structure

Answer 23

Like graphite, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 other carbon atoms.

C60 does have delocalised electrons but the electrons cannot jump between individual fullerenes, therefore, it is a poorer electrical conductor than graphite.