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PARAMEDIC > LAS DROGAS > Flashcards

LAS DROGAS Flashcards

1
Q

MOA Morphine Sulphate

A

CNS depressant acts on μ-Opiate Receptors.

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2
Q

Onset of Morphine Sulphate

A

<5 minutes IV 15-30 minutes IM

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3
Q

Peak Effects of Morphine Sulphate

A

20 minutes IV 30-60 minutes IM

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4
Q

Duration and half-life of Morphine Sulphate

A

2-7 hours; 1-7 hours

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5
Q

Indications of Morphine Sulphate

A

Severe pain

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6
Q

Contraindications of Morphine Sulphate

A

Severe hypotension, hypersensitivity, “undiagnosed head injury or abdominal pain”

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7
Q

Side effects of Morphine Sulphate

A

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, blurred vision, constricted pupils, AMS, respiratory depression.

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8
Q

Interactions for Morphine Sulphate

A

Interacts with antihistamines, antiemetics, sedative, hypnotics, barbiturates, and alcohol.

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9
Q

Hydromorphone brand name

A

Dilaudid

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10
Q

MOA of Hydromorphone

A

CNS depressant acts on μ-Opiate Receptors.

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11
Q

Onset of Hydromorphone

A

15-30 minutes IV

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12
Q

Peak effects of Hydromorphone

A

30-90 minutes

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13
Q

Duration and half life of Hydromorphone

A

4-5 hours 2.6 hours

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14
Q

Dosage of Morphine Sulphate

A

2-5mg Adult IV
5-15mg Adult IM
0.1-0.2 mg/kg peds

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15
Q

Dosage of Hydromorphone

A

1-2mg Adult IV
2-4mg Adult IM
0.015 mg/kg peds

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16
Q

Indications of Hydromorphone

A

Severe Pain

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17
Q

Contraindications of Hydromorphone

A

Hypersensitivity or “undiagnosed head injury or abdominal pain”

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18
Q

Side effects of Hydromorphone

A

nausea, vomitting, abdominal cramps, blurred vision, constricted pupils, AMS, respiratory depression.

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19
Q

Interactions of Hydromorphone

A

antihistamines, antiemetics, sedative, hypnotics, barbiturates, and alcohol.

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20
Q

Brand name of Fentanyl

A

Sublimaze

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21
Q

MOA of Fentanyl

A

CNS depressant acts on μ-Opiate Receptors. Less emetic effect than other narcotic analgesics.

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22
Q

Onset of Fentanyl

A

Almost immediate

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23
Q

Peak effects of Fentanyl

A

3-5 minutes IV

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24
Q

Duration and half life of Fentanyl

A

30-60 minutes 6-8 hours

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25
Q

Indications of Fentanyl

A

Maintenance analgesia, adjunct for RSI, severe pain.

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26
Q

Contraindications

A

Severe hemorrhage, shock, hypersensitivity.

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27
Q

Side effects of Fentanyl

A

Respiratory depression, apnea, muscle rigidity, bradycardia.

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28
Q

Interactions of Fentanyl

A

CNS depressants, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

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29
Q

Dosage of Fentanyl

A

25-100 mcg adult IV

1-2 mcg/kg peds IV

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30
Q

Ketorolac brand name

A

Toradol

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31
Q

MOA of Ketorolac

A

NSAID. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by competitively blocking enzyme cyclooxygenase. Produces anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects.

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32
Q

Onset of Ketorolac

A

30 minutes

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33
Q

Peak effects of Ketorolac

A

45-60 minutes

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34
Q

Duration and half life of Ketorolac

A

6-8 hours; 4-6 hours

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35
Q

Indications of Ketorolac

A

Mild to moderate pain. Useful for management of sickle cell and kidney stone related pain.

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36
Q

Contraindications of Ketorolac

A

Hypersensitivity. Patients also taking aspirin or other NSAIDS.

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37
Q

Side effects of Ketorolac

A

edema, hypertension, rash, itching, nausea, heartbearn, constipation, diarrhea, GI hemorrhage, drowsiness, and dizziness.

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38
Q

Interactions of Ketorolac

A

Conjunctional use with other NSAIDS can cause worse side effects. IM Ketorolac reduces diuretic response to LASIX.

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39
Q

Dosage of Ketorolac

A

15-30 mg adult IV
30-60 mg adult IM
0.5 mg/kg peds IV

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40
Q

Brand name of Midazolam

A

Versed

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41
Q

MOA of Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepines bind to specific sites on GABA type A receptors. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS. Benzos have no effect on the receptor but potentiate the effects of GABA. Benzos produce hypnotic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects.

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42
Q

Onset of Midazolam

A

1.5 minutes IV; 15 minutes IM

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43
Q

Peak effects of Midazolam

A

20-60 minutes

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44
Q

Duration and half life of Midazolam

A

<2 hours IV; 1-6 hours IM

Half Life: 1-4 hours

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45
Q

Indications of Midazolam

A

Premedication for painful procedures and as a sedative.

46
Q

Contraindications of Midazolam

A

Hypersensitivity, narrow-angle glaucoma, shock state, alcoholic coma.

47
Q

Side effects of Midazolam

A

Laryngospasm. bronchospasm, dyspnea, respiratory depression and arrest, drowsiness, amnesia, ams, bradycardia, tachycardia, PVCs, retching. Increased respiratory depression compared to other benzos.

48
Q

Interactions of Midazolam

A

Other CNS depressants ie narcotics and alcohol.

49
Q

Dosage of Midazolam

A

1-2.5 mg adult IV
2-5 mg adult IM
0.03 mg/kg peds

50
Q

Brand name of Lorazepam

A

Ativan

51
Q

MOA of Lorazepam

A

Benzodiazepines bind to specific sites on GABA type A receptors. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS. Benzos have no effect on the receptor but potentiate the effects of GABA. Benzos produce hypnotic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects.

52
Q

Onset of Lorazepam

A

1-5 minutes IV; 15-30 minutes IM

53
Q

Peak effects of Lorazepam

A

15-20 minutes IV; 2 hours IM

54
Q

Duration and half life of Lorazepam

A

6-8 hours; 10-20 hours

55
Q

Indications of Lorazepam

A

Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premed before procedures, acute anxiety.

56
Q

Contraindications of Lorazepam

A

hypersensitivity

57
Q

Note for usage of Lorazepam

A

Should be diluted before use.

58
Q

Side effects of Lorazepam

A

Hypotension, drowsiness, headache, amnesia, respiratory depression, blurred vision N&V.

59
Q

Interactions of Lorazepam

A

other CNS depressants and alcohol.

60
Q

Dosage of Lorazepam

A

0.5mg-2mg adult IV
1-4mg adult IM
0.05-0.10 Peds IV

61
Q

Brand name of Ketamine

A

Ketalar

62
Q

MOA of Ketamine

A

Thought to cause a dissociation of the cortical and limbic systems resulting in an awake patient who is dissociated from the environment.

63
Q

Onset of Ketamine

A

<1 minute IV; <5 minutes IM

64
Q

Peak effects of Ketamine

A

Variable

65
Q

Durations and half life of Ketamine

A

10-15 minutes IV; 20-30 minutes IM

1-2 hours

66
Q

Indications of Ketamine

A

Sedative and RSI agent.

67
Q

Contraindications of Ketamine

A

Significantly elevated blood pressure. Hypersensitivity.

68
Q

Side effects of Ketamine

A

Hallucinations, increased skeletal muscle tone, N&V. Protective airway reflexes may be enhanced. Excessive bronchial secretions.

69
Q

Interactions of Ketamine

A

Recovery time may be prolonged when used in conjunction with narcotics and barbiturates.

70
Q

Dosage of Ketamine

A

0.1-0.3mg/kg Adult IV Analgesic
0.5-1mg/kg Adult IV Sedation.
2-4mg/kg Adult IM Sedation.

71
Q

Brand name of Etomidate

A

Amidate

72
Q

MOA of Etomidate

A

Etomidate stimulate GABA receptors to produce general anesthesia.

73
Q

Onset of Etomidate

A

10-20 seconds

74
Q

Peak effects of Etomidate

A

<1 minute

75
Q

Duration and half life of Etomidate

A

3-5 minutes; 30-70 minutes

76
Q

Indications of Etomidate

A

RSI

77
Q

Contraindications of Etomidate

A

Hypersensitivity

78
Q

Side effects of Etomidate

A

Myoclonic skeletal movement, apnea, hypo/hyperventilation, laryngospasm, hypo/hypertension, tachy/bradycardia, N&V.

79
Q

Dosage of Etomidate

A

0.3mg/kg

80
Q

Brand name of Succinylcholine

A

Anectine

81
Q

MOA of Succinylcholine

A

Succinylcholine is a parasimpathimimetic that acts on cholinergic receptors in motor neurons causing depolarization. Additionally, Succinylcholine is not inactivated by acetylcholinesterase and prevents the muscles from being stimulated again.

82
Q

Onset of Succinylcholine

A

30-60 seconds IV; 2-3 minutes IM

83
Q

Peak effects of Succinylcholine

A

1-3 minutes

84
Q

Duration and half life of Succinylcholine

A

2-3 minutes IV; 10-30 minutes IM

5-10 minutes

85
Q

Indications of Succinylcholine

A

Paralytic used in RSI

86
Q

Contraindications of Succinylcholine

A

Hypersensitivity, penetrating eye injuries, narrow-angle glaucoma.

87
Q

Precautions of Succinylcholine

A

Fractures, severe burns, crush injuries

88
Q

Side effects of Succinylcholine

A

Wheezing, respiratory depression, apnea, aspiration, arrhythmias, bradycardia, sinus arrest, hypertension, hypotension, hyperkalemia, increased interocular pressure, increased ICP.

89
Q

Interactions of Succinylcholine

A

Lidocaine, procainamide, beta-blcokers, magnesium sulfate, and other neuromuscular blockers increase the effects of Succinylcholine.

90
Q

Dosage of Succinylcholine

A

1-1.5 mg/kg Adult IV

1mg/kg peds IV

91
Q

Brand name of Vecuronium

A

Norcuron

92
Q

MOA of Vecuronium

A

Competes with Acetylcholine at cholinergic receptor sites resulting in paralysis.

93
Q

Onset of Vecuronium

A

<1 minute

94
Q

Peak effects of Vecuronium

A

3-5 minutes

95
Q

Duration and half life of Vecuronium

A

25-40; 30-80 minutes

96
Q

Indications of Vecuronium

A

RSI

97
Q

Contraindication of Vecuronium

A

hypersensitivity

98
Q

Side effects of Vecuronium

A

Wheezing, respiratory depression, apnea, aspiration, arrhythmia, bradycardia, sinus arrest, and hypertension.

99
Q

Interactions of Vecuronium

A

Lidocaine, procainamide, beta-blcokers, magnesium sulfate, and other neuromuscular blockers increase the effects of Succinylcholine.

100
Q

Dosage of Vecuronium

A

0.1 mg/kg

101
Q

Brand name of Rocuronium

A

Zemuron

102
Q

MOA of Rocuronium

A

Competitively binding on cholinergic receptors at motor neurons to antagonize the actions of Acetylcholine.

103
Q

Onset of Rocuronium

A

30-60 seconds

104
Q

Peak effects of Rocuronium

A

1-3 minutes

105
Q

Duration and half life of Rocuronium

A

30-60 minutes; 14-18 minutes

106
Q

Indications of Rocuronium

A

RSI

107
Q

Contraindications of Rocuronium

A

Hypersensitivity

108
Q

Side effects of Rocuronium

A

Bronchospasm, hypertension, tachycardia.

109
Q

Interactions of Rocuronium

A

Intensity and duration of paralysis may be prolonged by pretreatment with Sux, general anesthesia, lidocaine, quinidine, procainamide, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, potassium losing diuretics, magnesium.

110
Q

Dosage of Rocuronium

A

0.6 mg/kg

PARAMEDIC (5 decks)

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