Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro I > Larynx Funk > Flashcards

Larynx Funk Flashcards

1
Q

General features of the Larynx

A

a. Serves both resp and voice producing (phonation) functions
b. Connects pharynx to trachea; thus directing air to respiratory passages
c. Also acts to prevent passage of food materials into airways
d. Located in neck, anterior to CV3-6
e. Composed of cartilage, membranes, and muscles which control rate and amount of air flowing through the larynx; thus altering pitch, tone, and volume of voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Laryngeal aditus

A

Superior opening from pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vestibule

A

Area above vestibular folds

Also have vestibular (false) folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rami vestibuli

A

Opening between vestibular folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True vocal folds

A

True vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rima glottidis

A

Opening of true vocal folds

a. Shape varies depending on position of vocal folds
b. variation in tension and length of the vocal folds, and width of rima, produces changes in pitch of the voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glottis

A

rima glottidis plus vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infraglottic cavity

A

distal (below) true folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Landmark for CV6

a. Site where carotid artery can be compressed against CV6
b. Junction of larynx and trachea
c. Junction of pharynx and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tracheotomy

A

a. Obstruction of upper airway can become overcome by puncturing larynx or trachea
b. Incision is made between cricoid cartilage and first tracheal cartilage
c. Incision can also be made between cricoid and thyroid cartilage (through cricothyroid ligament)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thyroid

A

a. Lies anterior to CV4-5
b. Laminae (2) fuse anteriorly and remain open posteriorly
c. Superior horn - attached to hyoid bone by lateral thyrohyoid ligament
d. Inferior horn - articulates with cricoid
e. Laryngeal prominence
f. Superior thyroid notch
d. Oblique line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cricoid

A

a. Lies anterior to CV6
b. Immobile ring attached via membrane to first tracheal cartilage
c. Anterior arch
d. Posterior lamina
e. Articulates with arytenoid and thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arytenoids

A

a. Lie perched atop the posterior portion of cricoid cartilage
b. Apex - attaches to aryepiglottic fold
c. Vocal process - attaches vocal ligament
d. Muscular process - attaches to posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epiglottic

A

a. Leaf-shaped, elastic cartilage situated posterior to root of tongue
b. Broad, superior and is free; inferior end is attached to thyroid cartilage
c. Muscles of pharynx pull the thyroid cartilage against the epiglottis during swallowing to prevent food from moving into larynx
d. Ligaments:
1. Thyroepiglottic
2. Hyoepiglottic
3. Aryepiglottic
4. Glossoepiglottic (median and lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Corniculates

A

Lie atop the apex of the arytenoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cuneiform

A

Lie within aryepiglottic folds

17
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal ligaments

A
  1. Thyrohyoid membrane
    a. Attaches hyoid bone to superior border of thyroid cartilage
    b. Thickened laterally and medially
    c. Pierced by internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery
  2. Cricotracheal ligament - attaches cricoid to first tracheal cartilage
  3. Hyoepiglottic ligament
  4. Glossoepiglottic ligament
18
Q

Intrinsic ligament: Quadrangular ligament

A

a. Attaches anteriorly to thyroid and epiglottic cartilages
b. Attaches posteriorly to arytenoid cartilage
c. Forms vestibular ligments; covered with mucosa = vestibular fold
d. Forms aryepiglottic ligament; covered with mucos = aryepiglottic fold

19
Q

Intrinsic ligament: Cricovocal (conus elasticus) ligament

A

a. Attaches inferiorly to to cricoid cartilage
b. Attaches superiorly to thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
c. Thickened regions:
1. Median cricothyroid ligament
2. Lateral cricothyroid ligament
3. Vocal ligament - extends from internal surface of thyroid lamina to vocal process of arytenoid; covered with mucosa = vocal fold

20
Q

Vocal folds

A

a. Formed from mucosa overlying vocal ligament and vocalis muscle
b. Vocal ligament - innermost portion of cricovocal ligament; extends from thyroid cartilage to vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
c. Vocalis muscle - innermost portion of thyroarytenoid muscle
d. Vocal ligaments change tension in order to control pitch of voice

21
Q

Vestibular folds

A

a. Formed from mucosa overlying vestibular ligament

b. Covered with highly vascularized mucosa; contains many mucus-secreting glands

22
Q

Cricothyroid joint

A

a. Articulates between cricoid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
b. Synovial - mainly gliding movements
c. Allows thyroid to glide on cricoid in order to change vocal cord length

23
Q

Cricoarytenoid joint

A

a. Articulation between cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage
b. Synovial - allows gliding and rotational movements (condylar joint)
c. Allows arytenoid cartilages to rotate, glide toward one another

24
Q

Primary motion of laryngeal cartilages

A

a. Rotation of arytenoid cartilages to abduct (posterior cricoarytenoid) and adduct (lateral cricoarytenoid) vocal ligaments
b. Gliding of arytenoids to adduct vocal ligaments (to close rami glottitis) (transverse and oblique arytenoids)
c. Rotating of thyroid cartilage on cricothyroid joint to increase (crocothyroid muscle) and decrease (thyroarytenoid) tension on the vocal ligaments

25
Q

Cricothyroid muscle

A

Tilts thyroid forward to elongate and tighten vocal ligaments

26
Q

Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles

A

a. Adduct arytenoid cartilage

b. Close laryngeal inlet by approximating the arytenoid cartilage

27
Q

Thyroarytenoid muscle

A

Rotates thyroid cartilage back to shorten and loosen vocal ligament

28
Q

Vocalis muscle

A

a. Innermost portion of thyroarytenoid muscle
b. Lateral to vocal ligament
c. Locally controls vocal ligament; produces minute adjustments or vocal ligament tension and length

29
Q

Innervation to muscles of larynx

A

a. External branch of superior laryngeal n -cricothyroid

b. Recurrent laryngeal n (inferior laryngeal n) - to all other muscles

30
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve (CN X)

A
  1. Internal laryngeal nerve
    a. Pieres thyrohyoid membrane
    b. Provides - GVEP and GVA proximal to true vocal folds (supraglottic region); SVA to epiglottic region of tongue
  2. External laryngeal nerve - SVE to cricothyroid muscle; GVEP and GVA distal to vocal folds
31
Q

Cough reflex

A

There is a very strong reflex, mediated by CN X, which functions to prevent foreign objects from entering airways. When foreign objects enter pharynx, superior laryngeal n is stimulated (GVA) and causes contraction of laryngeal muscles which close the larynx. Vagus nerve will stimulate a cough. Injury to superior laryngeal nn will ablate this protective due to anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa. Cricothyroid m will also be paralyzed which will cause monotonous voice

32
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve block

A

Administered when inserting an endotracheal tube. The needle is inserted halfway between the hyoid bone and superior border of thyroid cartilage. The needle pierces the thyrohyoid membrane and anesthetic agent will bath the superior laryngeal n

33
Q

Inferior laryngeal nerve (CNX)

A

a. Continuation of recurrent laryngeal nerve
b. Enters larynx by passing inferior to inferior constrictor muscle
c. Provides: GVEP and GVA to distal true vocal folds (infraglottic region); SVE to all muscles of larynx, except cricothyroid

34
Q

Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Can occur with neck or thoracic damage or surgery. Recall that left recurrent laryngeal nerve branches in thorax (aortic aneurysms, tumors, enlarged lymph nodes in the thorax can compress and damage). Injury to the nerve will affect the function of larynx due to the fact that all but one laryngeal muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. If damage is unilateral, patient will have hoarsness; if bilateral patient present with aphonia

35
Q

Superior laryngeal artery

A

a. Branch of superior thyroid artery
b. Pierces thyrohyoid membrane
c. Supplies larynx above true vocal folds (supraglottic region)

36
Q

Cricothyroid artery

A

a. Branch of superior thyroid artery

b. Supplies cricothyroid muscle

37
Q

Inferior laryngeal artery

A

a. Branch from inferior thyroid artery

b. Supplies larynx below true vocal folds (infraglottic region)

38
Q

Venous drainage of larynx

A

a. Superior laryngeal v - to int jugular

b. Inferior laryngeal v - to left brachiocephalic v

39
Q

Lymphatic drainage of larynx

A

a. Proximal (above) true vocal folds - to superior deep cervical lymph nodes
b. Distal (below) true vocal folds - to inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Neuro I (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions