Larynx

Question 1

Rima glottidis

Answer 1

opening bw true vocal folds
shape varies depending on position of focal folds
variation in the tension and length of the vocal folds with width of rimal produces changes in pitch of the voice

Question 2

glottis

Answer 2

rima glottids +true vocal folds

Question 3

Cricoid cartilage level

Answer 3

CV6
site where carotid can be compressed against CV6
junction of larynx and trachea
junction of pharynx and esophagus

Question 4

tracheotomy

Answer 4

obstruction of the airway can be overcome by puncturing the larynx or trachea

incision is made bw the cricoid cartilage and first tracheal cartilages

incision can also be made bw the cricoid and thyroid cartilages thru the cricothyroid ligament

Question 5

Thyroid cartilages

Answer 5

anterior to CV4 and CV5
2 laminae fuse anteriorly and remain open posterior

superior horn to hyoid (posterior)
inferior horn to cricoid cartilage

laryngeal prominence (adams apple)

Question 6

cricoid cartilage

Answer 6

only fixed cartilage of the larynx
anterior to CV6
immobile ring attached via tracheal cartilage
anterior arch
posterior arch articulates with arytenoid and thyroid cartilage

Question 7

arytenoid cartilage

Answer 7

where vocal ligaments attach to via vocal process

muscular processes attach to posterior and lateral to the cricoarythnoid m.

Question 8

epiglottic

Answer 8

leaf shaped cartilage posterior to root of the tongue
broad, superior end is free, inf end is attached to the thyroid cartilage

mm. of teh pharynx pull thyroid cartilage against epiglottis during swallowing to prevent aspiration

Question 9

extrinsic ligaments

Answer 9

thyrohyoid membrane
hypoepiglottic lig
cricotracheal lig
glossoepiglottic lig

Question 10

Intrinsic ligaments

Answer 10

quadragular ligments

cricovocal ligament

Question 11

quadrangular ligament

Answer 11

attaches anterior to thyroid and epiglottic cartilage and posterior to arytenoid

forms vestibular ligaments and aryepiglottic ligaments

Question 12

Cricovocal ligament (conus elasticus)

Answer 12

attaches inferior to cricoid and attaches superior to thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

thickened medial and lateral ligaments

**vocal ligament extend from internal surface of thyroid lamina to vocal process of arytenoid covered with mucosa= vocal fold

Question 13

vocal folds

Answer 13

formed from mucosa overlying vocal ligaments and vocalis m

vocal lig is innermost of cricovocal ligament
vocalis m. is innermost portion of thyrodartenoid m.

open=abduction
closed=adduction (during speech) -close rima glottidis

Question 14

vestibular folds

Answer 14

from mucosa overlying vestibular ligament
covered with highly vascularized mucosa containing mucus secreting glands
Lower part of quadrangular membrane

Question 15

cricothyroid jt

Answer 15

articulation bw cricoid and inf horn of thyroid cartilage
synovial-gliding
allows thyroid to glide on cricoid in order to change vocal cord length

Question 16

cricoarytenoid jt

Answer 16

articulation bw cricoid and arytenoid cartilage

synovial-mainly gliding and rotational movements (condylar joint)

allows arytenoid cartilages to rotate glide, towards one another

stretches the vocal ligament

Question 17

Cricothyroid m.

Answer 17

tilts thyroid forward to elongate and tighten vocal ligament

from arch 4, innervated by CN X via external br of superior laryngeal n.

Question 18

transverse and oblique arytenoids

Answer 18

adduct arytenoid cartilage

close laryngeal inlet by approximating arytenoids

Question 19

posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 19

abduct vocal folds to open rima glottidis

Question 20

lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 20

adduct vocal folds to close rima glottidis

Question 21

thyroarytenoid

Answer 21

rotates thyroid cartilage back to shorten and loosen vocal ligament

Question 22

vocalis muscles

Answer 22

innermost portion of thyroaretenoid muscle
lateral to vocal lig
locally controls vocal ligament, produce minute adjustments or vocal ligament tension and length

Question 23

rotation of arytenoid

Answer 23

abducts (posterior CA) and adducts (latera CA) vocal ligaments

Question 24

gliding of arytenoids

Answer 24

adduct ligaments and close rima (transverse and oblique aretenoids)

Question 25

rotating of thyroid cartilage on cricothyroid jt

Answer 25

increase (cricothyroid m.) and decrease (thyroarytenoids) tension on the vocal ligaments

Question 26

cough reflex

Answer 26

In by X (GVA) and out by X (SVE)

injury to superior laryngeal will ablate this function due to anesthesia of laryngeal mucosa

Question 27

sup laryngeal n. lesion

Answer 27

loss of cough reflex and paralysis of cricothyroid m. which causes a monotonous voice

Question 28

superior laryngeal n. block

Answer 28

needed when administering a endotracheal tube

insert needle halfway bw the hyoid and superior border of the thyroid cartilage
needle pierces the thyrohyoid memb and anesthetic agenr will bathe the superior laryngeal n.

Question 29

inf laryngeal n.

Answer 29

continuation of recurrent laryngeal
enters larynx by passing inferior to the inf constrictor

GVE-P and GVA distal to vocal folds
SVE to mm of larynx, except cricothyroid

unilateral damage= hoarseness, bilateral= aphonia

Question 30

lymph drainage above true folds

Answer 30

superior deep cervical nodes

Question 31

lymph drainage belos folds

Answer 31

inferior deep cervical nodes