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Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx is

A

functional protective sphincter of the respiratory tract

And containing the vocal apparatus.

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2
Q

Larynx start from ____ to _____

A

C3
C6

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3
Q

Anterior to larynx

A

fascia (deep and superficial), platysma and skin

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4
Q

Posterior to larynx

A

pharynx, prevertebral muscles and cervical vertebrae

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5
Q

Superior to larynx

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

Inferior to larynx

A

Trachea

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7
Q

Structures of larynx

A

Hyoid bone - 9 cartridges - ligaments - muscles

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8
Q

Hyoid bone

A

At c3
Firmly attached above larynx

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9
Q

Paired larynx cartilage

A

6
Corniculate
Cuneiform
Arytenoid

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10
Q

Unpaired larynx cartilages

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

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11
Q

Epiglottis

A

Elastic
leaf’-shaped
The lower narrower end attached to thyroid cartilage by thyroeppiglottic ligament
The upper boarder end free superiorly

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12
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Hyaline
Shield like
Largest
Midline structure
Upper c4 and lower c5 boarders have horns (cornua) post - inf cornua has facet tor articulation with cricoid

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13
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Hyaline
Signet shape
At c6
Lateral boarder with thyroid cornua
Upper boarder with artynoid cartilages

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14
Q

Arytenoid

A

Pyramidal
Each with Lateral muscular process (for insertion of both cricoarytenoid muscles
Anterior vocal process ( post attachment of vocal ligament

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15
Q

Corniculate - cuneiform

A

provide attachments for some intrinsic laryngeal muscles and are both found within the aryepiglottic folds (the fibro-elastic membrane between the epiglottis and arytenoids – lower border of which is free and forms the vestibular ligament or false cord)

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16
Q

Laryngeal ligaments

A

1- thyrohyoid membrane
2- hyoepiglottic ligament
3- cricothyroid ligament
4- cricotracheal ligament

17
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

between the upper border of the thyroid and the hyoid bone. Strengthened anteriorly and laterally

18
Q

Hyoepiglottic ligament

A

connects the hyoid bone to the lower part of the epiglottis

19
Q

Cricothyroid ligament

A

between the thyroid above and the cricoid below, the preferred site for cricothyrotomy

20
Q

Cricotracheal ligament

A

connects the cricoid to the first ring of the trachea

21
Q

Extrinsic Laryngeal muscles

A

1- Sternothyroid
2- Thyrohyoid
3- Inferior constrictor

22
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (9 muscles)

A

1- Posterior crico-arytenoid
2- Lateral crico-arytenoid
3- Interarytenoid (unpaired)
4- Thyro-arytenoid
5- Vocalis
6- Cricothyroid

23
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Extrinsic
depresses the larynx, connects the posterior manubrium sterni to the lateral thyroid lamina

24
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Extrinsic
elevates the larynx, connects the lateral thyroid lamina to the inferior greater horn of the hyoid bone

25
Q

Inferior constrictor

A

Extrinsic
constricts the pharynx, origins from the thyroid lamina, the tendinous arch over the cricothyroid and the side of the pharynx

26
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid

A

Intrinsic

opens the glottis by the abducting cords

27
Q

Lateral crico-arytenoid

A

Intrinsic

closes the glottis by the adducting cords

28
Q

Interarytenoid

A

Intrinsic
Unpaired

closes the glottis (especially posteriorly) by connecting the arytenoids. Some fibres become the aryepiglottic muscle laterally, which constricts the laryngeal inlet somewhat

29
Q

Thyro-arytenoid

A

Intrinsic

relaxes the cords by shortening, thus pulling the arytenoids anteriorly

30
Q

Vocalis

A

Intrinsic

fine adjustment of vocal cord tension (fibres come from the thyro-arytenoid)

31
Q

Cricothyroid

A

Intrinsic

only true tensor and the only muscle that lies outside the cartilages. It works by tilting the cricoid and putting stretch on the vocal cords

32
Q

Laryngeal arteries

A

-Superior laryngeal (from superior thyroid artery) – accompanies the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
-Inferior laryngeal (from inferior thyroid artery) – accompanies the recurrent laryngeal nerve

33
Q

Laryngeal veins

A

into the corresponding superior and inferior thyroid veins

34
Q

Laryngeal nerves

A

Branches of vagus (X) nerve:
-Superior laryngeal nerve
* External branch (small)
* Internal branch (larger)
-Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve

35
Q

Laryngeal nerve injury

A

.

Anatomy (9 decks)

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