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Small Animal Med. I > Laryngeal & Pharyngeal Dz - Corrigan > Flashcards

Laryngeal & Pharyngeal Dz - Corrigan Flashcards

1
Q

What are some key characteristics of Laryngeal Dz?

A
  • Respiratory distress → increased inspiratory effort
  • Stridor
  • + change in vocalization
  • Often acute presentation
  • + Aspiration pneumonia
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2
Q

When an animal initially presents in respiratory distress, what is a good drug to give them to help reduce stress?

A

A small amt of Ace, followed by O2

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3
Q

C/S associated with Pharyngeal Dz?

A
  • Stertor
  • Reverse sneezing
  • Gagging
  • Airway obstruction → later in the dz. process
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4
Q

Give some examples of Laryngeal Dz’s in SAs.

A
  • Laryngeal paralysis
  • Laryngeal neoplasia
  • Obstructive laryngitits
  • Laryngeal collapse
  • Web formation
  • Trauma
  • FB
  • Extraluminal mass
  • Acute laryngitis
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5
Q

Give examples of key Pharyngeal dz’s affecting SA’s.

A
  • Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome
  • Enlongated Soft Palate
  • Nasopharyngeal Polyp
  • Lymphoma in Cats
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6
Q

List the DI imaging modalities useful when diagnosing Laryngeal & Pharyngeal dz.

A
  • Rads
    • Lateral views → larynx, caudal nasopharynx, cranial trachea
  • U/S
    • Motion
    • Mass aspiration
  • CT/MRI
    • Masses
    • Local invasion
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7
Q

How should you perform Laryngoscopy/Pharyngoscopy?

A
  • Anesthesia → carefully tritrate Propofol to effect
  • Have an ET tube handy
  • Doxapram on hand
    • makes them breath faster, helps evaluate dynamic fxn.
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8
Q

What anatomical structure is blocking airflow during Laryngeal Paralysis?

A

Arytenoid cartilages

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9
Q

3 things that can cause Ventral Cervical Laryngeal Paralysis?

A
  • Nerve damage
  • Neoplasia
  • Inflammatory lesions
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10
Q

3 things that can cause Anterior Thoracic Laryngeal Paralysis?

A
  • Neoplasia
  • Trauma
  • Inflammatory lesions
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11
Q

5 things that cause Polyneuropathy/Polymyopathy Laryngeal Paralysis?

A
  • Idiopathic
  • Immune mediated
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Toxicities
  • Congenitial dz
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12
Q

Which dog breeds did Corrigan say gets Congenital Polyneuropathy Laryngeal Paralysis?

A

Yorkie

Bouvier des flandres (Daisy)

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13
Q

Management for Laryngeal Paralysis?

A
  • Glucocorticoids → short & tapering
  • Rest
  • Anxiolytics
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14
Q

What is the success rate of SX correction of Laryngeal Paralysis?

What must the owner be made aware of before you go to SX?

A
  • 90% >1 yr.
  • MST >5 yrs.
  • Patient will no longer bark, can no longer swim, can’t hang their heads out the window, etc.
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15
Q

Complications of Laryngeal Tieback SX?

A
  • 14% perioperative mortality
  • Aspiration pneumonia is common
  • Polyneuropathy/myophaties will still progress (short term soln for these guys)
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16
Q

Characteristics of Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome?

A
  • Stenoic nares
  • Elongated soft palate
  • Everted laryngeal saccules
  • + hyoplastic trachea
  • + end-stage laryngeal collapse
17
Q

A bulldog w/ BAS comes in on ER b/c it can’t breath.

What can you do to help immediately?

A
  • Anxiolytics
  • Glucocorticoids
  • O2
18
Q

This Frenchie needs a __________.

A

A Rhinoplasty!

19
Q

You see this on a laryngoscopy of a Pug.

What do you suspect?

A

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

20
Q

What is the salvage procedure done for BAS?

A

Tracheostomy

21
Q

A 10 yr old M/N Beagle comes into your clinic b/c his bark has changed and he has a small freely moving swelling on his ventral neck. You do a CT & see this.

What do you want do to now?

Why?

A
  • SX →suspect Thyroid carcinoma
  • Thyroid carcinomas are often highly invasive → lots of important structures are in this area that don’t need to be smushed.
22
Q

What steps are you going to take for TX of Laryngeal Neoplasia?

A
  1. Abdominal & Thoracic Rads → looking for mestastis
  2. + SX excision
  3. + Radiation therapy
  4. + Chemo
  5. + Immunotherapy (vax available for Melanoma)
23
Q

You find this mass while performing an oral exam on a 9 yr. old GSD.

Top 3 rule outs?

GO!

A
  1. Malignant melanoma
  2. SCC
  3. Fibrosarcoma
24
Q

You are performing an oral exam on a cat and see this lesion.

Top 2 Rule outs?

GO!

A
  1. SCC
  2. Fibrosarcoma

Small Animal Med. I (18 decks)

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