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Gastrointestinal > Large Intestines > Flashcards

Large Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What cells line the large intestine?

A

Columnar epithelium

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2
Q

Function of the large intestines

A
  • proximally removes water from indigestible gut contents > turns chyme into a semi solid
  • distally acts as temporary storage until defaecation
  • production of vitamins
  • microbiome for commensals bacteria
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3
Q

Describe the large intestines in relation to the peritoneum

A
  • ascending + descending colon are retroperitoneal
  • transverse colon has its own mesentery > transverse mesocolon
  • sigmoid colon has its own mesentery
  • upper 1/3 of rectum: intraperitoneal
  • middle 1/3 of rectum: recto peritoneal
  • lower 1/3 of rectum: no peritoneum
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4
Q

Arterial blood supply to the caecum

A

Ileo-colic artery form SMA

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5
Q

Arterial blood supply to the ascending colon

A

Right colic artery from SMA

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6
Q

Arterial blood supply to transverse colon

A

Middle colic artery from SMA

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7
Q

Arterial blood supply to descending colon

A

Left colic artery

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8
Q

Arterial blood supply to upper 1/3 of rectum

A

Superior rectal artery

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9
Q

What makes up the large intestine?

A

Caecum to anal canal

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10
Q

What is the venous drainage of the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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11
Q

What is the venous drainage of the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

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12
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A
  • upper 1/3 into superior rectal vein
  • middle + lower 1/3s into systemic venous system
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13
Q

Describe the process of water absorption in the colon

A
  • facilitated by ENaC which are induced by aldosterone
  • mainly in proximal colon
  • tighter tight junctions > allows for bigger gradient to form + less back diffusion of ions
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14
Q

How many parts of the colon are there?
Name them

A

5 parts
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

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15
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

The paracolic gutters lie lateral to the ascending + descending colons
Between them and the abdominal wall on either side

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16
Q

What is the clinical significance of paracolic gutters?

A

Allow passage of fluids from different compartments in the abdomen
e.g. ruptured ectopic pregnancy blood can fill up the parabolic gutters

17
Q

Name the structure that connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen

A

Transverse mesocolon

18
Q

Name the structure between the transverse colon and the stomach

A

Gastrocolic ligament

19
Q

Why can a patient with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy present with shoulder pain?

A
  • Blood can press against the diaphragm
  • diaphragm is innervated by phrenic nerve
  • phrenic nerve - C3,4,5
  • dermatomes of C3,4,5 are at the shoulder

Gastrointestinal (28 decks)

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