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Gastrointestinal > Development Of The Gut 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Development Of The Gut 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm become?

A

Somites which develop into:
- skeletal muscle
- vertebra
- cartilage

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2
Q

What does intermediate mesoderm develop into?

A

Kidneys + gonads

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3
Q

What does the lateral plate of the mesoderm become?

A
  • splanchnic mesoderm > viscera (smooth muscle of gut wall)
  • somatic mesoderm > parietal (abdominal wall)
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4
Q

What germlayer of the trilaminar disc develops to form to GI tract?

A

Endoderm

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the mesoderm?

A
  • paraxial
  • intermediate
  • lateral plate > splanchnic + somatic
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6
Q

What membranes intially seal the ends of the gut tube during embryonic development?
When do they rupture + what do they form?

A
  • buccopharyneal membrane: 4th week |forms the mouth
  • cloacal membrane: 7th week | forms the opening for the anus which completes formation of GI tract
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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

What is the blood supply to the:
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut

A
  • foregut: coeliac artery
  • midgut: superior mesenteric artery
  • hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery
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11
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A

oesophagus > midpoint of 2nd part of duodenum

  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • bile ducts
  • gall bladder
  • midpoint of 2nd part of duodenum
    + lower resp tract
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12
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

midpoint of D2 > 2/3 transverse colon

  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ilium
  • caecum
  • ascending colon
  • 2/3 transverse colon
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13
Q

What makes up the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3 transverse colon > upper anal canal

  • distal 1/3 transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • upper anal canal
    + cloaca
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14
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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15
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum derived from?

A

Somatic mesoderm

parieTal - somaTic

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16
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum derived from?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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17
Q

Describe pain from the parietal peritoneum

A

Localised

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18
Q

Describe pain from the visceral peritoneum

A

Vague

Vague | Visceral

19
Q

Where does the spleen develop embryologically?

A

Dorsal mesentery

20
Q

Where does the liver develop embryologically?

A

Ventral mesentery

liVer - Ventral

21
Q

List the peritoneal ligaments from anterior to posterior

A
  • falciform ligament: anterior abdominal wall to liver
  • lesser omentum: liver to stomach
  • gastrosplenic ligament: stomach to spleen
  • spleno-renal ligament: spleen to left kidney
22
Q

What mesenteries do the different parts of the gut have?

A
  • foregut: ventral and dorsal
  • midgut: only dorsal
  • foregut: only dorsal
23
Q

What is the foramen of Winslow?

A

Connection between the greater and lesser sac

24
Q

What is the falciform ligament between?

A

Anterior abdominal wall and liver

25
Q

What is the lesser omentum between?

A

Liver and stomach

26
Q

What is the gastro splenic ligament between?

A

Stomach and spleen

27
Q

What is the spleno-renal ligament between?

A

Spleen and left kidney

28
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

Double folds of peritoneum that suspend the gut tube from the abdominal wall

29
Q

What is the greater omentum derived from?

A

Dorsal mesentery

30
Q

What is the intraembyronic coelom?
What is its importance?

A
  • the space between the splanchnic and somatic mesoderm
  • gives rise to the thoracic and abdominal cavities
  • allows for proper positioning + development of the GI and thoracic organs
31
Q

How are the greater and lesser sacs of the peritoneal cavity formed?

A

Rotation of the stomach

32
Q

What are structures not suspended in the peritoneal cavity called?

A

Retroperitoneal

33
Q

What does it mean is a structure is secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Initially had a mesentery but during development it was lost to fusion with the posterior abdominal wall

34
Q

What is the role of the endoderm in GI development?

A

Forms the epithelial lining of most of the GI tract

35
Q

How does folding contribute to embryonic development?

A
  • sagittal > creates head and tail ends
  • lateral > forms ventral body wall + gut tube
36
Q

What is the vitelline duct?
If it persists beyond birth what can it lead to?

A
  • a connection between the midgut and the yolk sac
  • if it persists it an cause developmental abnormalities e.g. Meckel’s diverticulum
37
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?
What is it caused by?

A
  • a small outpuching of the small intestines
  • caused by persistence of the vitelline duct beyond birth
38
Q

Describe the peritoneum (visceral and parietal)

A
  • derived from the lateral plate mesoderm + Iines the abdominal cavity
  • visceral peritoneum: surrounds the viscera
  • parietal peritoneum: covers the body walls
  • the space in between them is the peritoneal cavity
39
Q

What abdominal incision would give access to appendix?

A

Gridiron incision

40
Q

What structure divides the developing trachea from the developing oesophageus?

A

Tracheoesophageal septum

41
Q

Where is the foramen of Winslow?

A
  • The connection between the greater and lesser sac
  • Posterior to the free edge of the ventral mesentery (under the portal triad)
42
Q

What is in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Small amount of fluid

43
Q

What are the compartments of the greater sac?

A
  • Supracolic compartment (superior to transverse mesocolon)
  • Infracolic compartment (inferior to transverse mesocolon)

Gastrointestinal (28 decks)

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