Development Of The Gut 1 + 2 Flashcards by Emily Stephens

What does the paraxial mesoderm become?

Somites which develop into:
- skeletal muscle
- vertebra
- cartilage

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What does intermediate mesoderm develop into?

Kidneys + gonads

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What does the lateral plate of the mesoderm become?

splanchnic mesoderm > viscera (smooth muscle of gut wall)
somatic mesoderm > parietal (abdominal wall)

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What germlayer of the trilaminar disc develops to form to GI tract?

Endoderm

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What are the three parts of the mesoderm?

paraxial
intermediate
lateral plate > splanchnic + somatic

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What membranes intially seal the ends of the gut tube during embryonic development?
When do they rupture + what do they form?

buccopharyneal membrane: 4th week |forms the mouth
cloacal membrane: 7th week | forms the opening for the anus which completes formation of GI tract

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What is the blood supply to the foregut?

Coeliac trunk

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What is the blood supply to the midgut?

Superior mesenteric artery

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What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

Inferior mesenteric artery

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What is the blood supply to the:
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut

foregut: coeliac artery
midgut: superior mesenteric artery
hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery

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What makes up the foregut?

oesophagus > midpoint of 2nd part of duodenum

oesophagus
stomach
pancreas
liver
bile ducts
gall bladder
midpoint of 2nd part of duodenum
+ lower resp tract

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What makes up the midgut?

midpoint of D2 > 2/3 transverse colon

duodenum
jejunum
ilium
caecum
ascending colon
2/3 transverse colon

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What makes up the hindgut?

distal 1/3 transverse colon > upper anal canal

distal 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper anal canal
+ cloaca

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What is the peritoneal cavity?

The potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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What is the parietal peritoneum derived from?

Somatic mesoderm

parieTal - somaTic

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What is the visceral peritoneum derived from?

Splanchnic mesoderm

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Describe pain from the parietal peritoneum

Localised

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Describe pain from the visceral peritoneum

Vague

Vague | Visceral

Where does the spleen develop embryologically?

Dorsal mesentery

Where does the liver develop embryologically?

Ventral mesentery

liVer - Ventral

List the peritoneal ligaments from anterior to posterior

falciform ligament: anterior abdominal wall to liver
lesser omentum: liver to stomach
gastrosplenic ligament: stomach to spleen
spleno-renal ligament: spleen to left kidney

What mesenteries do the different parts of the gut have?

foregut: ventral and dorsal
midgut: only dorsal
foregut: only dorsal

What is the foramen of Winslow?

Connection between the greater and lesser sac

What is the falciform ligament between?

Anterior abdominal wall and liver

What is the lesser omentum between?

Liver and stomach

What is the gastro splenic ligament between?

Stomach and spleen

What is the spleno-renal ligament between?

Spleen and left kidney

What are mesenteries?

Double folds of peritoneum that suspend the gut tube from the abdominal wall

What is the greater omentum derived from?

Dorsal mesentery

What is the intraembyronic coelom? What is its importance?

- the space between the splanchnic and somatic mesoderm - gives rise to the thoracic and abdominal cavities - allows for proper positioning + development of the GI and thoracic organs

How are the greater and lesser sacs of the peritoneal cavity formed?

Rotation of the stomach

What are structures not suspended in the peritoneal cavity called?

Retroperitoneal

What does it mean is a structure is secondarily retroperitoneal?

Initially had a mesentery but during development it was lost to fusion with the posterior abdominal wall

What is the role of the endoderm in GI development?

Forms the epithelial lining of most of the GI tract

How does folding contribute to embryonic development?

- **sagittal** > creates head and tail ends - **lateral** > forms ventral body wall + gut tube

What is the vitelline duct? If it persists beyond birth what can it lead to?

- a connection between the midgut and the yolk sac - if it persists it an cause developmental abnormalities *e.g. Meckel’s diverticulum*

What is Meckel’s diverticulum? What is it caused by?

- a small outpuching of the small intestines - caused by persistence of the vitelline duct beyond birth

Describe the peritoneum (visceral and parietal)

- derived from the **lateral plate mesoderm** + Iines the abdominal cavity - **visceral peritoneum**: surrounds the viscera - **parietal peritoneum**: covers the body walls - the space in between them is the **peritoneal cavity**

What abdominal incision would give access to appendix?

Gridiron incision

What structure divides the developing trachea from the developing oesophageus?

Tracheoesophageal septum

Where is the foramen of Winslow?

- The connection between the greater and lesser sac - Posterior to the free edge of the ventral mesentery (under the portal triad)

What is in the peritoneal cavity?

Small amount of fluid

What are the compartments of the greater sac?

- **Supracolic compartment** (superior to transverse mesocolon) - **Infracolic compartment** (inferior to transverse mesocolon)