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Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

The large intestine extends from the ____ to the _____.

A

Ileum to the anus

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2
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5 feet

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3
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Decending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, and Anal Canal

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4
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles grouped into 3 that run along the colon?

A

Tenia Colia

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5
Q

What is the name of each individual segment of the large intestine?

A

Haustrations

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6
Q

Fatty protrusions surrounded by visceral peritoneum are called ____.

A

Epiploical appendages

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7
Q

What is the landmark used to separate the cecum from the ascending colon?

A

Ileocecal Junction

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8
Q

What is attached to the posteromedial side of the cecum?

A

appendix

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the cecum?

A

anterior and posterior cecal branches of the ileocolic artery

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10
Q

What is the ileocolic artery a branch of?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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11
Q

What is the name of the folds inside the colon?

A

Semilunar folds

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12
Q

How long is the appendix?

A

3-5 inches

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13
Q

What does the appendix contain?

A

A large amount of lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

Where is the base of the appendix situated?

A

beneath McBurney’s Point

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to the appendix?

A

appendicular artery

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16
Q

What is the appendicular artery a branch of?

A

posterior cecal artery

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17
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the appendix?

A

Vagus Nerve

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18
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the appendix?

A

Lesser and Least Splanchnic Nerves via the Superior Mesenteric Plexus

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19
Q

Afferent fibers for appendical pain enter the:

A

T10 segment

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20
Q

What is Rovsing Sign?

A

When the left side, opposite the appendix, is touched, the patient complains of pain on the right side.

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21
Q

What is iliopsoas sign?

A

When flexing the thigh causes pain around the appendix.

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22
Q

How long is the ascending colon?

A

5 inches

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23
Q

Where does the ascending colon end?

A

Right colic flexure (A.K.A. the hepatic flexure)

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24
Q

Is the ascending colon retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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25
Q

What is the blood supply to the ascending colon?

A

Ileocolic and right colic arteries via the Superior Mesenteric Artery

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26
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the ascending colon?

A

Lesser and Least Splanchnic Nerves via the Superior Mesenteric Plexus

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27
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the ascending colon?

A

Vagus Nerve

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28
Q

What is the name of the peritoneal extensions on the superior surface of the colon?

29
Q

How long is the transverse colon?

30
Q

What suspends the transverse colon from the anterior surface of the pancreas?

31
Q

What is the blood supply to the right 2/3 of the transverse colon?

A

middle colic artery via the Superior Mesenteric Artery

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the left 1/3 of the transverse colon?

A

branch of the inferior mesenteric artery

33
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the transverse colon?

A

Lesser and least splanchnic nerves via the superior mesenteric plexus

34
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the transverse colon?

A

Vagus Nerve

35
Q

How long is the decending colon?

36
Q

The decending colon extends from where to where?

A

Left colic flexure (Splenic Flexure) to the pelvic brim

37
Q

is the decending colon retro or intraperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

38
Q

What is the blood supply to the decending colon?

A

left colic and sigmoidal arteries via the Inferior Mesenteric Artery

39
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the decending colon?

A

Inferior Mesenteric gg

40
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the descending colon?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

41
Q

How long is the sigmoid colon?

A

10-15 inches

42
Q

Is the sigmoid colon retro or intraperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal

43
Q

What attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall?

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

44
Q

What is the blood supply to the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

45
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the sigmoid colon?

A

Inferior Mesenteric and Hypogastric Plexus

46
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the sigmoid colon?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic nerves

47
Q

How long is the rectum?

48
Q

Where does the rectum begin and end?

A

In front of S3 and ends 1 inch in front of the tip of the coccyx

49
Q

What kind of muscle surround the circumference of the rectum?

A

longitudinal muscle, no tenia colia

50
Q

What is the blood supply to the rectum?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries

51
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the rectum?

A

Hypogastric Plexuses

52
Q

Is the rectum retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

53
Q

What is the junction called between the large intestine and the rectum?

A

Rectosigmoid Junction

54
Q

How long is the anal canal?

A

1.5 inches

55
Q

In the internal sphincter voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

56
Q

Is the external rectal sphincter voluntary or involuntary?

57
Q

What is the blood supply to the anal canal?

A

Superior and Inferior Rectal arteries

58
Q

Where does the Superior Rectal Arteries branch from?

A

The Inferior Mesenteric Artery

59
Q

Where do the inferior rectal arteries branch from?

A

Internal Iliac Artery

60
Q

What is the nerve supply to the upper portion of the anal canal?

A

hypogastric plexus

61
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lower portion of the anal canal?

A

Inferior Rectal Nerve and perineal branch of S4 nerve

62
Q

What is the embryological origin of the rectal ampulla?

63
Q

The anal valve forms what line?

A

Dentate (or pectinate) Line

64
Q

The upper mucosal portion of the anal canal is of what embryological origin and has what type of epithelium?

A

endoderm, simple columnar

65
Q

The lower half of the anal canal is of what embryological origin and has what type of epithelium?

A

Ectoderm, stratified squamous nonkeratinized

66
Q

What line separates the central portion of the anal canal from the inferior portion?

A

Anocutaneous line

67
Q

The ridges of the anal valve form the __ ____.

A

Anal Columns

68
Q

Where the rectum and the anal canal meet is called the ____ _____.

A

Anorectal junction

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