Large Bowel Flashcards
What 5 parts is the large bowel made up of?
How long is it?
What is its structure? Fill in the missing labels on the diagram below:
What is its function?
Colon, caecum, appendix, rectum and
Begins from the right side of the body?
The colon can be divided into which 4 colons? Descrobe each of them in terms of location:
Ascending
Transverse
Descending - coming towards the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon
Sigmoid -
What is the the blood supply to the bowel?
WHich part of the gut is most sensitive to ischaemia and why?
Large bowel supplied by the superior and inferior mesenteric artery (SMA and IMA)
Distal something uspplied by distal mesenteric artery?
What is found on the outside of the peritenium of the colon?
What causes the appearance of a pouch in the large bowel?
Fatty tags on the peritonium (function largely unkown although said to have protective functions),
What is the function of the colon?
What is the rectum?
Why does the structure of the rectum change from that of the colon?
Ca distinguidh between solid, liquid and gas
What is the anal canal and what is its structure? Fill in the missing labels on the diagram below:
Have voluntary control over only one of those sphincters
What are the different layers of the large bowel? Fill in the missing labels below:
Mucosa -
Submucosa
Submucosal space - harbours all the glands / secretion glands
Muscularis - 2 types, circular and longitudinal muscles
Serosa - sits on top of the muscularis and secures the area?
Within the mucosa, what are the different types of cells found?
Are there villi in the large bowel?
What is the organisation of these cells?
Enterocytes and goblet cells
No paneth cells
No villi but contains microvilli - where the rest of the water absorption occurs
Looks smooth on gross level, but microvilli = different lengths on the enterocytes??
Stem cells found in the crypts
What are goblet cells and where are they found in the small bowel?
Why is increased mucus secretion required?
What is the function of the mucus?
What stimulates mucus secretion?
missed a slide
missed a slide
What is the function of the microvilli in the large bowel?
What is found surrounding the microvilli and what is the function of that substance?
Glycocalyx?
What is the muscularis layer of the large bowel divided into? What are their structures?
Inner circular muscle layer - ovoid stuff
Outer longitudinal muscle layer - thinner than of the small bowel?
How does material move through the colon? (motility)
What sort of speed does material travel and why?
Allows and promotes more time for absorption of electrolytes and water
What is the mass movement of the large bowel?
What is the nerve supply to the large bowel to control the motility?
missed a slide
What is the hormonal control of the large bowel absorption and motility?
How does the large bowel carry out its function of defacation? (2 slides)
COntrolled by the sacral spinal cord?
Internal sphincter relaxes?
What are faeces made up of?
What gives it its colour?
What does the smell come from?
What is large bowel flora and what is its importance?
flora = microbiome
All mammals have a symbioti relationship between
Diverse, highly metabolic active community
What are the 5 major roles of the intestinal flora (microbiome)?
What is fibre?
How can fibre be broken down?
Why is this important?
What are the most common types of flora / bacteria found in the colon?
What 5 conditions can the gut microbiome be linked to?
What are the benefits of stool transport?
