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Large Animal Medicine II > Large Animal Medicine II Exam I > Flashcards

Large Animal Medicine II Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

Number one cause in dairy cattle is phosphorus deficiency. Leads to fragile red blood cells and usually in cows on a lot of grass

A

Post partum hemoglobinuria

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2
Q

Caused by bovine coronavirus. Wild ruminants are reservoirs for the virus. 2-6 year old animals are at highest risk. Diagnosis by detection of virus with ELISA or RT-PCR. Samples must be collected 1-3 days of onset of diarrhea. Treat with fluids

A

Winter Dysentery

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3
Q

Treatment for anaplasma

A

Oxytetracycline, before replicative stage occurs in the cow so during the incubation stage

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4
Q

May occur in young calves when 1st weaned. Produced hypotonicity and leads to intravascular hemolysis

A

Water intoxication

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5
Q

Assosicated with lupine in western australia. Causes liver damage

A

Phomopsins

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6
Q

Test for digestion of carbohydrates in rumen fluid

A

Gluose fermentation test

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7
Q

Outcome of infection with BVD in pregnant animal depends upon

A

Stage of gestation Strain of BVDV Immune status of the cow

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8
Q

Dairy. Good for cheese

A

Jersey

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9
Q

Caused by feeding of rough fibrous feed during droughts or feeding machine made wheat. No feces, dehydration, anorexia, abdominal distension. Usually found on exploratory rumentomy.

A

Omasal impaction

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10
Q

Dose dependent infection, dependent of life cycle of parasite. Causes bloody diarrhea

A

Coccidiosis Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii

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11
Q

Monocytes 1-5% in bovine means

A

Chronic disease

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12
Q

Attaches to villous enterocytes, decreases surface area and causes malabsoptive diarrhea. Resolution in 2 days

A

Rotavirus

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13
Q

Second most common deficiency of cattle. Secondary to molybdenum excess or from soil/plants

A

Copper

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14
Q

Primary impaction due to dry feed with limited water. Secondary impaction due to disturbances in motility or pyloric outflow failure. Results from TRP, Right displaced abomasum

A

Type III Vagal indigestion (Abomasal obstruction)

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15
Q

Purpose of fungus in the rumen

A

Aids bacteria in cellulose digestion.

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16
Q

NSAID that can be used as endotoxemic ridding effect in calves

A

Flunixin meglumine

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17
Q

NSAID of propionic acid class. Potent PGE2 inhibitor. Short half life and requires multiple doses

A

Ketoprofen

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18
Q

Treatment for calf e.coli

A

Remove organism from GI tract- Amoxicillin Correct dehydration Prevention with vaccine

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19
Q

Highly restricted class of antibiotics. ELDU is forbidden. Bactericidal. Concentration dependent. Inhibits bacterial DNA replication and transcription by binding the A subunit of DNA gyrase.

A

Fluoroquinolones

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20
Q

Affects older animals more severely. Calves can be carriers. Caused by rickettsial organism. Invades margin of RBCs. Transmitted by ticks and horse flies. Cattle and sheep are susceptible. Will have milk drop, icterus, aggression. First sign is presence of organism in RBCs.

A

Anaplasmosis A. marginale or A. caudatum

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21
Q

Produced by fungi. Grows on corn, peanuts, and cotton. Causes hepatic failure.

A

Aflatoxin

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22
Q

Physiological signs of pain

A

Increased respiration Increased HR Increased Body temperature Increased pupil size

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23
Q

Occur during periparturient period. Associated with LDAs, coliform mastitis, and metritis. Not severely affected, causes reduced food intake and milk production. Diagnosis only at necropsy

A

Type I abomasal ulcers.

Non perforating, non bleeding

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24
Q

Seen months after pasture exposure. Caused by simultaneous emergence of arrested larvae. Cattle appear normal and then death in 1-2 weeks

A

Type II ostertagia

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25
Q

Pathogenesis of rumen acidosis

A

Loss of body water causes dehydration contributing to acidosis. Lactic acid is absorbed from rumen as well as from small intestine and profound lactic acid develops.

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26
Q

Lethal at 0.3% BW. Glycoside toxin carboxyatractyloside causes severe hypoglycemia and massive hepatic necrosis. Young plants more toxic.

A

Cocklebur

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27
Q

Only NSAID approved for use in the US for cattle and swine. Labeled for fever/inflammation associated with respiratory disease, mastitis, and endotoxemia.

A

Flunixin meglumine

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28
Q

Restrictions for B lactams

A

Follow label for aminopenicillins. ELDY is permitted as long as AMDUCA is followed

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29
Q

Results from other disease. Chronic. Rumination is absent, rumen underfilled, fecal production is depressed, might have diarrhea

A

Secondary rumen indigestion

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30
Q

Asymmetric abdominal distension most pronounced in the left paralumbar fossa. Increased HR and RR. Acute form can cause death in 30 min to 4 hours

A

Bloat

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31
Q

Diarrhea with damage to villous epithelium and loss of enterocytes leading to shortening of the villi because loss is faster than replacement. Results in decreased suface area and enterocytes lost are mature and important. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa are most commonly involved with this type of diarrhea

A

Malabsorptive diarrhea

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32
Q

Treatment for severe cases of SARA

A

Successful tx limited.

Empty rumen by oral lavage/rumenotomy.

Oral buffers

Fluid therapy

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33
Q

Management for frothy bloat

A

Grazing management

Polxalene (top dressing)

Ionophores

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34
Q

Least common displaced abomasum. 180 degree torsion with or without volvulus. Rotation along mesenteric axis. Outflow obstruction and schema if arteries obstructed.

A

Right displaced abomasum

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35
Q

Toxin: Abrin

A

Rosary Pea

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36
Q

Toxin: Robin. New growth is most toxic

A

Black locust

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37
Q

Fluoroquinolone used in swine

A

Just Enrofloxacin

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38
Q

Azalides consist of

A

Azithromycin, Tulathromycin, Gamithromycin, Tildipirosin

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39
Q

Caused by oral exposure to fecal coliforms that lead to colonization of the gut. 80% attachment occurs. Signs include secretory diarrhea and dehydration.

A

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

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40
Q

Time dependent antibiotics. Bactericidal. Binds to penicillin binding proteins, Penems cause cell lysis. Poor intracellular activity

A

B lactams

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41
Q

Beef cow

A

Piedmontese.

Italian. Beef selected for myostatin gene

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42
Q

Causes of elevated rumen fluid chloride

A

Abomasal disease

Abomasal reflux

Obstruction of intestinal flow

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43
Q

Restrictions for Florfenicol

A

Extra label use is permitted. Prolonged withdrawal for different than labeled production class.

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44
Q

If non segmented neutrophils 0% seen on bovine WBC count

A

Indicates Acute overwhelming infection

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45
Q

A carcass with violative residues is condemned by

A

FSIS

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46
Q

Antibiotic selection has been proven to be based on

A

Production class and organ system affected

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47
Q

Instrument used to treat esophageal obstructions

A

Probang

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48
Q

Developmental stage for anaplasmosis lasts 4-9 days and

A

Most signs are present, lasts 3 weeks to 3 months, carrier state

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49
Q

Diagnosis for anaplasma

A

Complement fixation test

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50
Q

Inhibits COX isoenzymes lowering prostaglandin production from arachadonic acid.

A

NSAIDs

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51
Q

Number one risk factor for calve diarrhea

A

Colostrum deficiency. Failure of passive transfer.

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52
Q

Mostly acquired from systemic infection and end up with valvular vegetative endocarditis. Usually right side of heart.

A

Valvular heart disease

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53
Q
A

Brahma

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54
Q

Wooden tongue. Painful nodular lesions involving the soft tissues and oral cavity leading to swelling at the base of tongue. Examine pus for sulfar granules.

A

Actinobacillosis

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55
Q

Hepatotoxin found in plants. Cumulative and progressive. Problems 1-5 months after ingestion. Causes in-utero infections. Alkaloids damage hepatocytes leading to fibrosis. Neuro and liver signs

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

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56
Q

Beef cow

A

Scotch Highland

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57
Q

Reduction in frequency or strength of primary contraction. Caused by reduction in excitatory drive to gastric center, increase in inhibitory inputs, and weakness of the motor pathway.

A

Hypomotlity of the primary mixing cycle

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58
Q

Provides large surface area for the absorption of VFAs, electrolytes, and water. Reduces feed particles. Located toward the right of the median plane and opposing the 7th and 11th ribs

A

Omasum

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59
Q

Bactericidal, concentration depended. Primarily aerobic Gram -. Highly water soluble. Oral absorption is poor after gut closure. Irreversibly binds to the 30s ribosome. Accumulates in lysosomes and mitochondria. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

A

Aminoglycosides

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60
Q

Used in swine. Avoid ruminants and horses because causes Clostridial overgrowth. Inhibits protein synthesis by binding the 50s ribosome. Used for mycoplasma pneumonias and bacterial arthritis. Can result in swelling of the anus

A

Lincosamides

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61
Q

Beef

A

King ranch

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62
Q

Animals eating 5% or more for over 30 days will die. Invasive weed. Causes pyrrolizidine toxicity

A

Tansy Ragwort

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63
Q

Oocyte shedding occurs as early as 3 days of age and peaks at 2 weeks. Can continue to occur if environment contaminated. Severe villous atrophy and malabsorptive diarrhea.

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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64
Q

Best drug use for pain.

A

Multimodal drug use. Target acute pain with quick acting, short duration. Follow with long acting NSAIDs, opioids, local, NMDA receptor, a2 agonists.

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65
Q

Glycoproteins that bind to cell receptors causing inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death. Most toxic of known plant compounds. Concentrated in seeds and are released following chewing the seed. Cause severe intestinal irritiation and purgation.

A

Lectins (Castor bean, Rosary pea, Black locust)

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66
Q

A prescription basically for anti infectives added to feed. Must follow the label for mixing and feeding. Enforced by the FDA.

A

Veterinary feed directive

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67
Q

Discovered on King ranch. Parasite in RBCs. Eradicated from USA. Transmitted by Boophilus spp. tick. Animal develops disease at young age when not really susceptible but can develop immunity. Animal becomes carrier but is also resistant. Urine is dark red to brown color from hemoglobinuria.

A

Babesiosis (Texas Tick Fever)

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68
Q

If severe scours give less

A

Milk More electrolytes instead

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69
Q

Failure of eructation that results in free gas bloat and ruminal distention. Usually due to vagus nerve damage due to TRP

A

Type I Vagus Indigestion

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70
Q

Produce alpha 2 casein in milk

A

Guernsey

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71
Q

First stage of anaplasmosis lasts 3-8 weeks and ends with

A

Rise in body temp. Incubation phase

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72
Q

Abdominocentesis findings for traumatic reticulopericarditis

A

Increased WBC (PMN >6,000 nucleated cells)

Increased concentrations (>3g/dL)

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73
Q

Beef cow

A

Chiaiana

Italian

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74
Q

Restricitions on aminoglycosides

A

Only can really be used in fetal pigs (withdrawal is 40 days). Zero tolerance drug.

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75
Q

Diarrhea with secretion of water is greater than can be absorbed. Usually from hypersecretion from small intestinal crypts due to abnormal stimulation. Stimulation increases adenyl cyclase activity and production of cAMP within the cells. Most commonly caused by enterotoxins and rotavirus. More common type in neonates.

A

Secertory diarrhea

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76
Q

Control methods for free gas bloat

A

Temporary rumenotomy

Fix underlying issue

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77
Q

AUC/MIC dependent antibiotic. Broad spectrum and bacteriostatic. Binds to the 30s ribosome. Minimal affinity for mammalian ribosomes, and prevents protein synthesis. Wide distribution through tissues, mostly eliminated through kidney.

A

Tetracycline

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78
Q

These have zero tolerance for residues

A

Aminoglycosides EL drugs Approved drugs used in different class than labeled

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79
Q

These products cannot be used off label

A

EPA

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80
Q

Main reason for residue testing

A

Public health concern. Risk= consumption x risk/unit of consumption

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81
Q

ELDU is not allowed for

A

EPA products, production reasons, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, non medical use of sedatives

82
Q

Outcome of BVDV infection during gestation days 40-120

A

Persistently infected animals. Fetus could be immunotolerant

83
Q

Failure of omasal transport preventing aboral movement of ingesta from reticulum to abomasum. Functional or mechanical outflow disturbances from vagus damage due to mycoticomastitis, reticular abscesses, localised adhesions

A

Type II vagal indigestion (omasal transport failure)

84
Q

Induces secretion and aids in pH in calf e. coli

A

Heat stable toxin

85
Q

Most common site of traumatic reticuloperitonitis

A

Right medial wall of the reticulum. Dairy cows more common

86
Q

NSAID In canada and europe approved for adjunct therapy for acute respiratory disease, diarrhea, and acute mastitis

A

Meloxicam

87
Q

Calf born with heart outside of chest.

A

Ectopia cordis cervicalis

88
Q
A

Shorthorn

89
Q

Beef cow

A

Belted Galloway

90
Q

Sets tolerance levels for drug residues based on approved drug label.

A

FDA

91
Q

Target tissue for residue testing

A

Liver, kidney, muscle, pelvic fat.

92
Q

Test used for digestion of fibers on rumen fluid

A

Cellulose digestion test

93
Q

Severity of scours depends on

A

Which cause The dose Health of the calf

94
Q

First organ receiving blood from the GI tract

A

Liver

95
Q

Seen in western states. Caused by Rhabdovirus. Similar to FMD and reportable. Seen in 6-8 year old cattle. Incubation is 2-5 days.

A

Vesicular stomatitis

96
Q
A

Hereford

97
Q

Inflammation of the salivary gland. Tx: reduce swelling, drain abscesses and broad spectrum antibiotics. Wounds and infections or blockage can lead to cysts

A

Sialadentitis

98
Q

Broad spectrum time dependent antibiotics. Bacteriostatic. Mimics the PABA precursor at the beginning of the THFA pathway blocking production of the active form of folic acid. Weak acid.

A

Sulfonamindes

99
Q

Signs include black tarry feces and anemia. Sharp decline in production and appetite. Diagnosed with profound anemia and Guaiac fecal occult blood test. Associated with lymphosarcoma and cows >5 years old. Treat by restoring blood volume and IV ranitidine

A

Type II abomasal ulcers

Non perforating Major bleeding

100
Q

First helminth in calves. Disease usually not associated with infection but may see loss in manure.

A

Strongylus papillosus

101
Q

Leaves are alternate, pinnately compound. Green seeds are most toxic. Toxin causes severe gastrointestinal irritation and liver degeneration, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and death. Treat with laxatives to clear GI tract and activated charcoal.

A

Coffee weed, sesbania

102
Q

Tier of residue testing. Designed to target herds and flocks of origin.

A

Third tier

103
Q

Important in operations that mix calves at early age. Penetrates mucosa and causes intense submucosal inflammation, secretory diarrhea

A

Salmonella S. typhimurium, dublin, newport

104
Q

Allows further breakdown of food and addition of large quantities of saliva (buffer)

A

Rumination

105
Q

Tests for drug residues based on established levels

A

FSIS

106
Q

Common problem in intensively managed dairy herds. Signs include DMI, diarrhea, lameness, low milk fat test, rumen stasis. Fresh and high intake cows are at higher risk. Rumen fluid will be <4

A

SARA

107
Q

Most common causes of anemia in the cow

A

Parasitism and Nutritional deficiencies

108
Q

During this there is complete absence of reticuloruminal motility. Direct depression of the gastric center and failure of the vagal or motor pathways

A

Atony of the primary mixing cycle

109
Q

Goals of fecal sampling

A

Fast, Reliable, Targeted treatment

110
Q

Causes colonization of the ileum in calf e. coli

A

K99 fimbria (FS)

111
Q

Cause complete rumen stasis, severe dehydration, and recumbency with cold extremitis.

Severe neutropenia, hemoconcentration, and hypoproteinemia present. Treat with antibiotics and restricted exercise.

A

Type IV abomasal ulcers

Perforating diffuse peritonitis

112
Q

More common congenital cardiac defects in cattle. Causes loud holosystolic murmur when yearling.

A

Ventricular septal defect

113
Q

Hook worm. Infection by ingestion and skin penetration. Causes anemia and black tarry feces in calves

A

Bunostomum

114
Q

Inhabits the small intestine. Associated with anorexia, villous atrophy and diarrhea when in large numbers.

A

Cooperia spp.

115
Q

Calves undergo spontaneous cure. Transmitted spontaneously

A

Toxocara vitulorum

116
Q

Occurs in early postpartum.

A

Type III Abomasal ulcers

Perforating local peritonitis

117
Q

Approves chemicals used as pesticides

A

EPA

118
Q

Factors contributing to SARA

A

Source of and particle size of grain

Milk fat %, fat to protein ratio

Assessment of manure

119
Q

Resistance to B lactams occurs by

A

Avoidance by way of B lactamase production or altering the PBP to prevent binding

120
Q

Spiny purple and black berries. Toxins are saponins, oxalates, and alkaloid phtolacine. Causes bloody diarrhea, colic, salivation and death

A

Pokeweed

121
Q

Plant that causes bone marrow damage and aplastic anemia. Can lead to hemorrhagic syndrome due to platelet loss

A

Braken furn

122
Q

During this cardia will remain firmly shut if foam or fluid contact. Difficult to auscultate differences between primary and secondary

A

Secondary (eructation) cycle

123
Q

Massively edematous wound infection. Bighead in young rams. Mediated by alpha toxin.

A

Myonecrosis (Clostridium novyi Type A)

124
Q

Contains triterpenoid compounds. Causes intrahepatic cholestasis and photosensitization

A

Lantana

125
Q

Tier of residue testing that focuses on samples at the establishment level. Samples taken by plant inspectors still undergo KIS testing. Positive samples dont repeat KIS testing

A

Second tier

126
Q

Caused by mycobacterium avium sub species paratuberculosis. Small rod shaped bacterium. Target is GI tract, the ileum is primary site for infection. Causes PLE, diarrhea, and rapid weightloss

A

Johnes disease

127
Q

Test for digestion of proteins in rumen fluid

A

Nitrate reduction test

128
Q

Purpose of bacteria in rumen

A

Digest cellulose, cant be seen with electron microscope

129
Q

What can be determined through rumen auscultation

A

Rate and stregth of rumen contractions

Rumen volume

Nature of rumen contents

130
Q

Most common displaced abomasum. 180 degree torsion without volvulus. Rotation along its long axis ventral and to the left of the rumen. Little/no outflow obstruction occurs

A

Left displaced abomasum

131
Q

Centesis of area below the gas ping. Fluid with pH <4.5 is abomasal. Burnt almond odor to gas

A

Lipstack test

132
Q

Sporadic fatal enteric disease of adult dairy cattle. Usually seen in first 3-4 months of lactation. Massive hemorrhage into the small intestine with subsequent intraluminal formation of large clot and casts creating obstruction

A

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (bloody gut)

133
Q
A

Dwarf Zebu

134
Q

Associated with Bovine Leukemia virus. Multicentric in heart, uterus, abomasum. In cattle >3 years of age. Signs are dependent on location of tumors.

A

Enzootic adult LSA

135
Q

Attaches to villous and crypt enterocytes. Causes maldigestion and malabsorption. Clinical signs have longer duration

A

Coronavirus

136
Q

Usually caused by fluorosis and weak teeth. Seen in areas with factories. Diagnose by bone biopsy

A

Pitting of teeth

137
Q

Dairy. Has good feet

A

Brown swiss

138
Q

Number one reason to choose antibiotic

A

Based on system affected. Then most likely microbes associated, then expected outcomes.

139
Q

Indicates the overall health of the ruminant

A

Frequency of primary contractions

140
Q

Small analysis for antibiotic treatment for BRD in high risk calves. Some antibiotics proven better than others. Tx with AB significantly reduced BRD morbidity and mortality

A

DeDonder and Apley Meta Analysis

141
Q

Percent dehydrated calve with slightly sunken eyes and depression

A

7%

142
Q

Shed design for calf scour management

A

All in all out <20 calves per air unit

143
Q

Clinical signs of vagus indigestion

A

Chronic progressive weight loss with abdominal distention. Papple

144
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatits. Highly fatal. Usually follows liver damage done by Fasciola hepatica. Peracute death most common.

A

Black disease (Clostridium novyi Type B)

145
Q

Sulfonamide restrictions

A

Adult dairy cows, can only use sulfadimethoxine

146
Q

Affects bone tissue. Usually mandible. Lesion is hard immovable mass. Gram positive filamentous branching organism. Sodium Iodide IV once a week is treatment

A

Actinomycosis “Lumpy Jaw”

147
Q

Normal level of rumen chloride

A

30 mEq/L

148
Q

Most important parasite. Low numbers can cause anorexia. Found in abomasum. In young leads to impaired digestion.

A

Ostertagia ostertagi

149
Q

Four primary locations of esophageal obstruction

A

Pharyngeal inlet #1 Thoracic inlet Base of the heart Cardia of the rumen

150
Q

Non antibiotic combo and treatment of calf scours caused by rotavirus, crypto, salmonella, e coli, and coronavirus

A

Rotagen combo

151
Q

Has the highest incidence of volative residues for sulfonamides

A

Pork

152
Q

Primary disease. Ruminal gases are trapped in small bibles within abnormally viscous digest. Usually dependent of feedstuffs

A

Frothy bloat

153
Q

Associated with Rye grass. Alpacas and fallow deer most susceptible.

A

Sporidesmin

154
Q

Allows suckling calves to bypass to abomasum

A

Oesphageal groove

155
Q

Inflammatory changes that develop in the rumen mucosa and underlying tissues in cattle fed high energy rations with inadequate roughage. Associated lesions of liver abscess and laminitis occurs. Can affect whole herd if not adapted

A

Rumenitis

156
Q

Blocks sodium channels in nerve cells. Inhibits conduction & transmission of signal. Infected tissue has lower pH and reduced effect

A

Local anesthesia

157
Q

Approves prescription and OTC drugs

A

FDA

158
Q

Acute onset. Caused by abrupt dietary change that results in self limiting but rapid decline in rumen fermentation. Acute anorexia, diarrhea

A

Simple (primary) rumen indigestion

159
Q

Main aim of treatment for calf diarrhea

A

Return calve to normal fluid balance

160
Q

Veterinarians only. Must have valid client patient relationship. Ingredient needed is not a drug labeled for the production class in question

A

ELDU

161
Q

Caused by Clostridium hemolyticum Type D. Usually in fluke infected cattle, well nourished, and over 1 year old.

A

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria

162
Q

Erythromycin is parent compound. Intracellular activity. Azalides are better for intracellular. Broad spectrum. Inhibits protein synthesis by binding the 50s ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic. Concentrates in cells that are more acidic than plasma.

A

Macrolides

163
Q

Causes liver abscesses.

A

Fusobacterium necrophroum, corynebacterium, and SARA. Greater in Beef

164
Q

pH of ___ indicated lactic acidosis in the rumen fluid

A

<5.5

165
Q

Beef cow

A

Charolais

166
Q

Occurs during the grazing period. Disease caused by emergence of immature worms from gastric glands 10-14 days after ingestion of larva.

A

Type I ostertagia

167
Q
A

Angus

168
Q

Normal bovine Total WBC count

A

4,000-12,000

169
Q

Found that most adult cattle diarrhea is not bacterial related. Salmonellosis is only primary cause of diarrhea that can be treated with AB.

A

Geof Smith Paper- enteric disease

170
Q

Grows early spring. Found across US. Ranunculin toxin which is glycoside that is converted to protanemonin. Irritates the mouth and causes gastroenteritis. Excessive salivation, reddened mucosa, diarrhea.

A

Blister buttercup

171
Q

Spores in enviornment. Follows fasciola hepatica infection. Most common in well nourished >1 year calves. Peracute death

A

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (Clostridium novyi Type D)

172
Q

Rumen is functional in calves once

A

Grain is introduced

173
Q

Autosomal recessive in Holstein cattle. Looks similar to failure of passive transfer. Leukocytes cant phagocytize bacteria

A

Bovine Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

174
Q

Dentral condition older cows die from. Teeth wear down to point that animal cant eat

A

Dental attrition

175
Q

The stomach hairworm. Smallest abomasal worm.

A

Trihostrongylus axei

176
Q

Causes intravenous hemolysis after 1-3 days of depression. Chronic exposure increases liver stores and stress causes release.

A

Copper

177
Q

Caused by high altitude causing hypoxic vasoconstriction and cardiac failure results in edema in the brisket.

A

Brisket disease

178
Q

Caused by pestivirus. Cytopathix and noncytopathic biotypes, both required for mucosal disease. Immunosuppressive. Inapparent infections

A

Bovine viral diarrhea/ mucosal disease

179
Q
A

Aryshire

180
Q

Test used on rumen contents for anaerobic fermentation

A

Methylene blue reduction test

181
Q

Caused by parapoxvirus. Usually mild disease of calves. Raised reddish papules on muzzle. Can cause lesions in humans

A

Bovine papular stomatitis

182
Q

Treatment for crypto in calves

A

Supportive care, no antibiotics effective. Prevent exposure

183
Q

Malignant edema follows wound contamination, hemorrhage, and edema. Death within 24 hours. Lesion starts warm and painful then becomes crepitant and cold

A

Braxy (Clostridium septicum)

184
Q

local anesthetic with 5-8 hour duration. 20-30 min onset.

A

Bupivicaine

185
Q

Beef cow

A

Devon

186
Q

Plants that cause heinz bodies

A

Kale, beet pulp, rye grass, Brassica plants, onions

187
Q

Related to chloramphenicol. Has fluorine at the 3’ carbon position which prevents bacterial inactivation. Time dependent. Broad spectrum mostly Gram -. Use for BRD, Pink eye, interdigital phlegmon. Inhibits protein synthesis and blocks peptidyltransferase activity at the 50s ribosomal subunit. Good for diseased lungs.

A

Florfenicol

188
Q

If orally administered 1 day meat withhold for swine and goats. Not approved for pre-ruminating calves or lactating cattle

A

Neomycin

189
Q

Purpose of protozoa in the rumen

A

Controls bacterial population.

190
Q

During advanced pregnancy when the enlarged uterus displaces abomasum which interferes with normal motility

A

Type IV vagal indigestion (late gestation indigestion)

191
Q

Outcome of BVDV infection during 120-180 days in gestation

A

Birth defects. Cerebellar hyperplasia

192
Q

Caused by Clostridium novyi. May be associated with black leg and liver flukes. Results in sudden death, fever, toxemia

A

Black disease

193
Q

Outcome of BVDV infection in 1st or 2nd trimester

A

Fetal death or abortion

194
Q

Common infection in cattle, role in diarrhea unclear

A

Giardia

195
Q

Dairy cow

A

Dutch Belted

196
Q

Hepatotoxic cyclic peptides lead to disntegration of hepatocellular cytoskeleton. Ingestion of large doses leads to death within an hour.

A

Blue green algae and muschrooms

197
Q

ELDU of FDA approved products is permitted based on

A

AMDUCA guidelines

198
Q

Manifestation of an underlying primary disorder. Sporadic occurance and usually one animal. Can be caused by esophageal dysfuction and ruminal motility dysfunction

A

Free gas bloat

199
Q

Tier of residue testing that evaluated 800 samples per chemical compound class for each of the production classes chosen to be tested. Old method only did 300

A

First tier

200
Q

Toxin- Ricin.

Increases in seeds and when ground. Lectin toxin. Cattle must consume 0.25% of body weight

A

Castor bean

201
Q

What you want in electrolytes

A

Electrolytes These also once vet intervention: Bicarb Energy- glucose

202
Q

Hereditary short mandible or weak jaw

A

Brachygnathia

Large Animal Medicine II (3 decks)

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