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veterinary tech > Large Animal Diseases > Flashcards

Large Animal Diseases Flashcards

0
Q

Head moves ____ in a horse with forelimb pain

A

Up

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1
Q

Name some acute signs of pain in a horse

A
  • restlessness
  • rigid stance
  • head pressing
  • dilated pupils
  • flared nostrils
  • sweating
  • increased respiratory rate and pulse rate
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2
Q

Head moves _____ in a horse with hindlimb pain

A

Down

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3
Q

Name some signs in a horse with abdominal pain (acute pain)

A
  • look, bite or kick abdomen
  • get up and lie down frequently
  • walking in circles
  • sweating
  • rolling/ thrashing
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4
Q

This acts as a pump to create the force required to drive the blood up the distal limb against gravity in a horse

A

Frog

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5
Q

Foals feet and limbs should be trimmed at intervals no greater than ___ weeks. You should also change the hoofs every ____ weeks

A

6

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6
Q

True or false - hooves grow continuously from the coronary band

A

True

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7
Q

A condition in a horse in which the front hoof has too much heel left on after trimming. It is unable to expand normally with weight bearing. (Standing narrow)

A

Contracted feet

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8
Q

What is contracted feet in a horse caused by?

A

Injury, disuse if the foot, improper trimming and shoeing, leaving shoes on too long or excessive hoof dryness.

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9
Q

This condition in a horses foot may be caused by inadequate circulation, extreme environmental conditions, genetics, frequent bathing, prolonged exposure to mud or bedding that dry out the hoof.

A

Dry, brittle feet

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10
Q

What can cause hoof wall cracks ?

A

Most common cause is dry brittle hoof. Also lack of water.

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11
Q

This is a type of bruise-trauma injury that is caused by impact and appears reddish because of the damaged tissues and blood vessels.

A

Corns

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12
Q

Where are corns found in a horse ?

A

In the sole at the angle formed by the wall and the bar of the sole. And most frequently occur inside of the front feet.

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13
Q

This is injury to the soft tissue underlying the sole. It involves toe and quarter regions.

A

Sole bruise

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14
Q

This is an infection in a horse cause by an anaerobic bacterial infection of Fusobacterium Necrophorum. This bacteria is commonly found in normal flora of mouth and large int. when dirt of feces become trapped in the hoof, an environmental for excessive bacterial growth occurs resulting in ______

A

Thrush

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15
Q

What are some causes if Thrush

A

Poor hygiene: muddy, dirty stalls, lack of daily hoof care/ cleaning.
Lack of movement: decreased circulation in the hoof is an increase for infection.
Diet: Hugh carb diet.

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16
Q

What are some signs of Thrush

A

Pungent, foul smell, thick black substance in or around the frog.

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17
Q

This refers to pain of lameness with the navicular bone.

A

Navicular disease.

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18
Q

This dz is defined as “caudal heel pain”, which can include numerous problems associated with the hoof.

A

Navicular disease

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19
Q

True or false: navicular disease is gradual and progressive, taking years and multiple X rays to diagnose.

A

True

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20
Q

This is inflammation of the foot inside the hoof capsule. Inflammation of what attaches the coffin bone to hood wall

A

Laminitis

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21
Q

What are some symptoms of laminitis

A

Lameness- usually bilateral, rocking back onto hind legs to decrease weight bearing in forelegs. Shifting leg lameness when standing. Hind limbs may be tucked under body.

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22
Q

What are some causes of laminitis

A

Toxemia, carbohydrate overload, trauma, systemic infection, cold water ingestion

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23
Q

Navicular dz is commonly seen in ___-____ years

A

7-14

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24
Q

Laminitis is also known as what

A

Founder

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25
Q

What is laminitis?

A

Inflammation of laminae that attach coffin bone to hoof wall.

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26
Q

What are some symptoms of laminitis ?

A

Lameness - usually bilateral

Rocking back and forth onto hind legs to decrease weight bearing on forelegs

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27
Q

Name some causes of laminitis ?

A 
Toxemia 
Carbohydrate overload 
Trauma 
Systemic infection 
Cold water ingestion
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28
Q

Treatment for laminitis ?

A

Corrective shoeing and pain management (NSAIDS)

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29
Q

What is caused by the progressive separation if the hoof wall from the sole of the white line ?

A

White line disease or “seedy toe”

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30
Q

Pertaining to white line dz, what is the separation caused by

A

Overgrowth of the hoof

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31
Q

Treatment for white line dz

A

Remove dz wall allowing air to the affected area

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32
Q

What are the joints involved with angular limb deformities

A

Carpus
Fetlock
Hock

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33
Q

Angular limb deformities can be either _____ or ______

A

Congenital or acquired

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34
Q

A congenital limb deformity means

A

It was due it under developed bones or ligaments

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35
Q

Acquired limb deformities mean

A

It was due to a multitude if circumstances, all of which cause an unbalance rate of growth (trauma, infection, nutritional imbalances)

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36
Q

What does varus mean?

A

Refers to a horse which is typically toed-In. It is less common but the fetlock is affected

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37
Q

What does valgus mean?

A

Refers to a horse typically toed - out. It is most common and is generally found in the carpus.

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38
Q

What is it called when a foal is born prematurely or poorly developed

A

A carpal collapse or carpal bone hypoplasia

39
Q

What muscle is involved with a carpal collapse / carpal bone hypoplasia

A

The flexor tendons

40
Q

What is a bowed tendon cause by?

A

When both the deep and superficial tendons are prone to injury because of the forces place by galloping horses.

41
Q

T/f a bowed tendon is a slow healing process. It takes about 6-12 months to heal.

A

True

42
Q

What muscles are injured with a bowed tendon

A

The deep and superficial tendons. And the mid metacarpal region

43
Q

T/f septic arthritis is an infection

A

True

44
Q

What is the lay term to describe osteitis and periostitis of the splint bones

A

Splints

45
Q

Causes if getting splints

A

Direct trauma

Repeating kicking can also cause swelling

46
Q

Name some signs of a horse with splints

A

Swelling over the medial aspect of the MC

47
Q

Definition of splint

A

Tearing of interosseus muscle between cannon bone and splint bones

48
Q

Bucked shins is aka

A

Metacarpal bone disease

49
Q

Term for pain and new bone production associated with the dorsomedial aspect of the middle third of MC 3

A

Bucked shins

50
Q

What is the most common injury us young horses in high intensity training (2 yo TB’s)

A

Bucked shins

51
Q

Fluid filled subcutaneous swelling at the point of the elbow is called what

A

Hydro a of the elbow/shoe boil

52
Q

Condition that results in involuntary flexion of one or both hindlimbs. Spastic hyperflexion of hindlimb

A

Stringhalt

53
Q

Joint being broken down causing an inflammatory response. It is a common condition in all horse and predominantly affects high motion joints. Most common cause due to joint instability or trauma

A

Degenerative joint dz

54
Q

Abnormal growth or articulation of the vertebral bodies resulting in a narrowing of the vertebral canal and focal compression of the spinal cord

A

Cervical vertebral malformation

55
Q

T/f Exertional Rhabdomyolysis is a condition

A

True

56
Q

Breakdown of muscle fibers that lead to release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into bloodstream.

A

Rhabdomyolysis

57
Q

T/f idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia is a condition

A

True

58
Q

Dysfunction of left recurrent laryngeal nerve. You get paralysis on the left side of the larynx

A

Idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia roaring

59
Q

Rupture of pulmonary vessel during maximal exertion. Overdoing an untrained horse can rupture a pulmonary vessel.

A

Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

60
Q

What are the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary dz

A

Type 1- immediate
Type 2- Arthus
It’s basically an allergic airway dz

61
Q

T/f sarcoid is a condition

A

True

62
Q

What is a sarcoid ?

A

Tumors. Neoplasia (rumors if viral origin)

63
Q

Most common skin tumor. It’s benign and locally invasive. It’s symptoms are masses.

A

Sarcoids

64
Q

Multiple rumors on hairless areas.

A

Melanoma

65
Q

Pink moist mass in distal limb over previous injury

A

Proud flesh: exuberant granulation tissue

66
Q

T/f you can use steroids where there’s an ulcer

A

False. Where there’s an ulcer, you can’t use steroids.

67
Q

What is another name for gravel? It’s cause, treatment and prognosis ?

A
  • abscess
  • cause: forms from bruising to the sole, frog or heel.
  • prognosis: lameness, diagnose until lesion breaks out.
  • treatment: by exposing infection and relieving pressure. Soak hoof in epsom salts
68
Q

What type and age of horses are commonly affected by navicular dz?

A

Quarter horses, Tb’s, warmbloods, and seen in 7-14 year olds

69
Q

Name 4 signs of navicular dz

A

Excessive heel growth
Stiff gate
Stumbling or tripping
Exaggeration of pain going uphill

70
Q

Name some complications with navicular dz

A

Neuroma, rupture of deep digital flexor tendon, loss of hoof wall

71
Q

Name some treatment options for laminitis

A

Pain management
Improve blood flow
External support
Diet management

72
Q

How is influenza transmitted

A

Direct-aerosol

Virus is species specific.

73
Q

What are some symptoms of influenza

A

Fever
Depression
Nasal discharge and cough
Muscle soreness

74
Q

Treatment for influenza

A

Supportive care
NSAIDs
Rest
Antibiotics

75
Q

Prevention for influenza

A

Vaccination

76
Q

Name some complications of influenza

A

Cont. stress

Cardiomyopathy

77
Q

What’s another name for Rhinopneumonitis

A

Equine herpesvirus 1&4

78
Q

How is Rhinopneumonitis transmitted

A

Aerosol direct

79
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Rhinopneumonitis

A
  1. Respiratory dz. - flu symptoms, fever, loss of appetite, cough, depression
  2. Neurological dz. weakness, ataxia, paralysis,
  3. Reproductive dz. - abortopn
80
Q

Treatment for Rhinopneumonitis

A 
Supportive care 
NSAIDs 
Antibiotics 
Rest 
Nursing care
81
Q

Prevention for Rhinopneumonitis

A

Vaccine

82
Q

Complications with Rhinopneumonitis

A

Colic

Pneumonia

83
Q

How is equine viral arteritis transmitted

A

Aerosol

84
Q

Name signs and symptoms of equine viral arteritis

A

Limb edema
Fever
Abortions
Respiratory symptoms

85
Q

Treatment for equine arteritis

A

NSAIDs
Care
Antibiotics
Rest

86
Q

Prevention for equine viral arteritis

A

Vaccination and isolation.

87
Q

Diagnosis for equine viral arteritis

A

Ongoing outbreaks
Symptoms
Titers

88
Q

How is strangles transmitted

A

By the streptococcus equi ,(distemper)

Oral/nasal Mucosa contact bacteria in contaminated surface

89
Q

Signs and symptoms of strangles

A

Mandinukar lymph node enlargement
Nasal discharge
Fever
Cough

90
Q

Diagnosis of strangles

A

Outbreak in barn

Culture of strep. Equi from nasal passage or discharge

91
Q

Treatment for strangles

A

NSAIDs
Penicillin
Drain mature abscess

92
Q

Prevention for strangles

A

Vaccine
Manage outbreaks
Sanitation.

93
Q

Transmission of west nile virus

A

Mosquito

Reservoir is bird

94
Q

Signs of West Nile virus

A 
Fever 
Depression 
Impaired Vision 
In coordination 
Head pressing 
Death
95
Q

Treatment for West Nile virus

A

Care
NSAIDs
Antibiotics

96
Q

Prevention for West Nile virus

A

Vaccine
Mosquito control
Don’t let stand In Water

veterinary tech (5 decks)

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