Large animal disease Flashcards
what surgery options are there for large animal urolithiasis?
- perineal urethrostomy (penile stump out perineum)
- amputate urethral process
- tube cystotomy (leave catheter in for 2 weeks nd test)
what is the difference in location for sheep and cattle urolith obstruction?
sheep - mainly urethral prcoess
cow - sigmoid flexure
What are some predisposing factors to urolithiasis?
- dietary imbalance (high conc + low roughage) (high P + low Ca) (high Mg)
- castrated males
- dehydration
- alkaline urine
- UTI
What are the clinical signs of urolithiasis?
haematuria dysuria dribbling urine tail flapping colic signs anorexia depression preputial swelling abdo distension seizures death
what blood changes would you see with urolithiasis?
azotaemia
hyperkaelaemia
hyponatraemia
what are some signs of amyloidosis affecting the kidney?
oedema wt loss chronic dia proteinuria fibrinogenaemia hypoalbuminaemia azotaemia
what causes enzootic haematuria?
chronic bracken grazing - ptaquiloside carcinogen - bladder wall neoplasia
what is ulcerative posthitis?
ulcerative bacterial inf of prepuce and vulva mucosa
what causes ulcerative posthitis?
corynebacterium renale
high protein diet
what is ulcerative posthitis also known as?
pizzle rot
how can you manage pizzle rot?
NSAIDs
penicillin
reduce dietary protein
What is pyelonephritis and how does it come about?
- ascending infection
- can be post partum / post service
- post metritis / urolithiasis
- mainly G-ves
what are signs of acute pyelonephritis?
pyrexia anorexia depression colic reduced yield stranguria polyuria haematuria pyuria
what are signs of chronic pyelonephritis?
wt loss colic reduced yeild dia PU anaemia
What abx are used for pyelonephritis?
oxytetracycline or penicillin/aminoglycosides
-14-21 d
what is umbilical disease?
when infection enters umbilicus or an infection localises there from generalised septicaemia
what is the difference between a patent and persistent urachus?
patent has been closed and reopened
persistent has never closed
what are the signs of umbilical disease?
fever malaise lethargy pain/heat/swelling/discharge generalised septicaemia
what are some treatment options for umbilical disease?
broad spec abx
surgically resect umbilicus
what is the most common cause of renal failure in the horse?
secondary to hypovolaemia
what are some primary causes of renal failure in the horse?
congenital interstitial nephritis glomerulonephritis pyelonephritis amyloidosis neoplasia
What are 2 main differences on blood work in a horse with renal failure than a dog?
hypercalcaemia
hypophosphataemia
what are some clinical signs of a horse in renal failure?
depression anorexia wt loss PU/PD oedema dia pyrexia colic oral ulcers and tooth tartar proteinuria haematuria isosthenuria
what blood changes are seen in both horses and dogs in renal failure?
azotaemia
hyperkalaemia
hyponatraemia
